语言学论文the inevitability of world englishnew 6页

语言学期末论文组员：宋丽霞2009123130王英2009123138杨慧2009123143杨姣2009123137任务：查找资料：杨姣整理资料：王英、杨慧编辑成文：宋丽霞6\nTheInevitabilityofWorldEnglish世界英语的必然性【Abstract】摘要BasedonthestudyoftheinevitabilityofWorldEnglish,thisessaymakesresearchontheglobaldiversificationanddevelopmentofEnglishasaninternationallanguage.ItpointsoutthatWorldEnglishhasbeenadaptingtothemulticulturalandmulti-linguisticcontextsindifferentregionsanddifferentnationsandhaveevolvedintoadiversityoflanguagevarietieswithmultipleregionalcolors.LanguagelearnershouldknowthesituationofWorldEnglishandthedevelopmentofWorldEnglish.Englishlanguageasakindofneutralinformationmedia,itisnolongertheprofitofBritishorAmerican,itisrichvarietyofvariantinternationallanguage基于对世界英语必然性地研究，这个理论在总体的多样化和英语作为一门国际化语言方面做了研究。这指出了世界英语已经适应了不同地区和不同国家的多元文化和多元语言学语境，并且已经发展成为一种带有多元地区特色的多样性语言变异论。语言学习者应该了解世界英语及其发展的形势。英语语言作为一种中间信息媒介，不再是属于英国和美国特权，而是一种多样化国体的国际化语言。【KeyWords】关键词WorldEnglish(世界英语);inevitability（必然性）;multiculturalEnglish(多元化英语)1、TheintroductionofWorldEnglishEnglishhasbrokenthetraditional"standardEnglish"modelduetoitsworldwidespread.Englishofeachcountryshowsvariousvalueorientations.Englishes,whichemergeonnewspaperandradiostationathomeandabroad,refertotheEnglishvariantsusedineverycountryandareaovertheworld.Thisphenomenonofsociallanguagechangesisnotonlytoreflectitsownlanguagevarieties,butalsotoreflectthetrendofsocialculture,globaleconomyandinternationalpolitics,whichisalsothemulticulturalexpressionofworldculture.AsKachruputit,"onceEnglishisadoptedinsomeareas,whetherinscience,technology,culture,orfame,itwouldexperiencetheregenerationoflanguage,andatthesametime,theregenerationofculture."(Kachru,1992)Languageandculturemaybeinextricablyconnectedtogether;however,noonelanguageisinseparablytiedtoanyoneculture(Smith,1983).English,asaninternational6\nlanguage,ismainlyforthepurposeofintercultural/cross-culturalcommunication.Thatis,Englishshouldbethecarrierofdifferentcultures,andshouldachievesuccessfulcommunicationamongthesecultures.2、TheoreticalbackgroundofWorldEnglishIntheworldofEnglishlanguageteachingandlearning,EIL(Englishasaninternationallanguage),wasfirstproposedbySmith(1983),insteadofthetraditionalESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)andEFL(Englishasaforeignlanguage).ThistermhasbeenpreferredbymanyotherAmericanscholars.TheybelievethattodaytheEnglishlanguagenotonlybelongstoBritain,America,andAustralia,whereitisspokenasanativelanguage,buttocountrieslikeIndia,Philippine,andSingapore,etc.,whereEnglishhasbeenadoptedasnecessarycommunicationtoolamongpeople.SoEnglishshouldnolongerbeconsideredwithsenseofcolonialismandimperialism,butonlyaneutralcommunicationtool.TheModelofThreeCon-centricCirclesKachrudividedEnglishintothreeconcentriccircles,Innercircle,OutercircleandExpandingcircle.lTheinnercirclereferstocountriesofENLsettings,whereEnglishisusedasthenativelanguage,includingUSA,UK,Ireland,Canada,andNewZealand.Otherlanguagesarealsousedintheseareas,butEnglishisthedominantlanguage.lOutercirclecountriesrefertoterritoriesinAsiaandAfricatowhichEnglishwasfirsttransportedincolonialcontextsandwhereithassinceexistedalongsideverydifferentlocallanguages.OutercircleincludesIndia,Malaysia,Philippines,andSingaporeandsoon.Thesecountriesdidn'ttakeBritishEnglishorAmericaEnglishasstandard,butatthesametime,theyemphasizeEnglishistheirsecondlanguage.Therefore,anewvariantemerges.ThiskindofvarianthasthesameorsimilarcorecharacterwithinnerEnglishvariant.However,ithasitsuniquevocabulary.lExpandingCirclecountriesrefertoterritoriesinwhichEnglishhasbecomeorisbecomingthemostimportantforeignlanguage.TheseterritoriesincludeChina,Japan,Brazil,Israel,PolandandRussia.Naturally,tohaveapictureofthetotalnumbersofpeoplewhospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguage,wewouldalsoneedtotakeintoaccountthosecountriesinwhichEnglishhasbeentaughtasthemainforeignlanguageforalongertime,suchasGermany,FranceandMexico.ThenumberofpeoplewhohaveacquiredsomecompetenceinEnglishintheExpandingCirclehasalreadyovertakenthe6\nnumberofpeoplethatspeakitintheOuterCircle.3.TheConceptanddefinitionof“WorldEnglish”Whatweareinterestedinatthemomentiswe,nottheEnglishlanguageasitisspokeninEnglish-speakinghouseholds,ortheHousesofParliamentinBritain.WEisalanguagespokenacrosstheworld-routinelyatthecheck-indesksandinthecorridorsduringmulti-nationalbusinessencounters,periodicallyduringtheOlympicsorWorldCupFootballseasons,internationaltradefairs,academicconferences,andsoon.AndthosewhospeakWEarealreadylegion,andtheirnumbersarecurrentlygrowingexponentially.Theterm"WorldEnglish"maysoundunusualtomanyreaders.However,whenoneturnsonaTVandlistenstointerviewswithpeoplefromIndia,Mexico,China,Russia,andNigeria,hewillprobablyunderstandtheconcept.Indeed,thecolonialandpostcolonialspreadofEnglishworldwidehasmadetheEnglishlanguagepluralintermsofpronunciation,vocabulary,idioms,andrhetoricalstyles.Theconceptof"WorldEnglish(WE)"indicateslinguisticdiversityaroundtheworld.WorldEnglishistheconceptoftheEnglishlanguageasaglobalmeansofcommunicationinnumerousdialects,andthemovementtowardsaninternationalstandardforthelanguage.SometimesthesetermsrefersimplytothearrayofvarietiesofEnglishspokenthroughouttheworld;sometimestheyrefertoadesiredstandardization.However,consensusontheterminologyandpathtostandardizationhasnotbeenreached.4、ThecharacteristicsofWorldEnglishlUniversalityandFlexibilityAsalanguageownednotjustbynativespeakers,butbyallthosewhocometouseit,worldEnglishsometimesreferstoEnglishasitisactuallybeingusedanddevelopedintheworld.Basically,itcoverstheEnglishlanguageatlarge,oftenimplicitlyseenasstandard.Itiscertainlyalsocommonlyusedinconnectionwiththeacquisitionuse,andstudyofEnglishastheworld'slinguaFranca,andespeciallywhenthelanguageisconsideredasawholeincontrastwithAmericanEnglish,BritishEnglishandSouthAfricanEnglish.lNeutralityWorldEnglishreachedtowardsculturalneutrality.Thishasapracticaluse:"WhatcouldbebetterthanatypeofEnglishthatsavesyoufromhavingtoreeditpublicationsforindividualregionalmarkets?TeachersandlearnersofEnglishasasecondlanguagealsofinditanattractiveidea-bothoftenconcernedthattheirEnglishshouldbeneutral,withoutBritishorAmericanorCanadianorAustraliancoloring.Any6\nregionalvarietyofEnglishhasasetofpolitical,socialandculturalconnotationsattachedtoit,eventhesocalled'standard'forms."4.TheImplicationsofWorldEnglishforEFLLearninglTheAcceptanceofOtherCountries'EnglishFirst,weshouldaccepttheconditionthatthenowadaysworldEnglishisnumerousandcomplicated,andthestandardisambiguous.ThatistosaythattheEnglishwereadandhearisnotjustlikeAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish,butalsoIndianEnglish,GermanEnglish,SpanishEnglishandsoon.Inthissituation,weshouldhaveanattitudeofacceptingoppositionandtakingunderstandingasprinciple.WeshouldimprovetheabilityofdistinguishingofEnglishandavoiddiscriminationoflanguage.Meanwhile,whenlearningEnglish,weshouldtreatthestandardofEnglishstrictly.ThatistheadvantageaboutlearningEnglish.ThestandardofEnglishshouldbebasedontheBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.However,weshouldn'timitatethedialectalslangofAmericarigidlytoavoidputtingonairs.lNativeVsNon-nativeInthebigenvironmentofemphasizingEnglish,weshouldgivemoreattentionstonativelanguage,Chineselearningandimprovement.Weshoulddoubtthewordortheassumptionoflanguageimperialism;however,thereisacontradictionbetweenthedevelopmentofEnglishandthedevelopmentofnativelanguage.Firstly,Chineseisournativelanguageandtheembodimentofourculture.Learningourlanguagewellandwecanunderstandourownculturewell.Secondly,thenativelanguagerestrictsthedevelopmentofaforeignlanguage.Theunderstandingofculturalconnotationistheimportantfoundationofestablishingownculturalstatus.Thus,forChinese,Englishshouldbeemphasizedaswell.lDevelopingLearners'ToleranceofLanguageVarietiesItisestimatedthatthenumberofEnglishusingpeoplehasalreadycovered1/4ofworldpopulation,andthenumberoflearnersiscountless.ThepeoplewhosemothertongueisnotEnglishspeakEnglish,asalanguage.ThequantityofthosepeopleismorethanthequantityofEnglish-speakingpeople.Inthissituation,thepeoplewhoareengagedinEnglisheducationandlearningshouldsufficientlyconsiderthattheaimofEnglishlearningisnotjustconfinedtocommunicatewiththeEnglish-speakingpeoplefromBritain,America,Canadaandsoon,butalsotocommunicatetothepeoplefromdifferentculturalbackground.5.ConclusionEnglishhadchangedgreatlyfor1500years.Today,ithasalwaysbeen6\nchanging.ItisundoubtedthatthevarietiesofEnglishpossessamainpositioninthebigEnglishfamily,andithasitsspecificstandardofvocabulary,semanticsandpragmatics.Thus,whileinternationalcommunicationgivesprominencetotheimportanceofEnglish,italsoimpressestherequirementforEnglish.ItrequiresthatthevarietiesofEnglishshouldhaveuniversallyacceptedstandardandcomprehension.AllabovecanexplaintheworldEnglishhasbecomeanecessarytrend【References】参考文献1.EnglishasaGlobalLanguage.CambridgeUniversityPress.2."Models,NormsandGoalsforEnglishasanInternationalLanguagePedagogyandTaskBasedLanguageTeachingandLearning."（摘自前面）TheAsianEFLJournalVol（出处）3.《论世界英语、标准英语和中国英语》太原城市职业技术学院学报2008年第11期谢芳三峡大学外国语学院4.“WorldEnglish”---------Brja.BKachruandLarryE.Smith5.“EnglishLanguage(1992)”--------Dr.TomMcArthur6.“The Future of the English”     www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jpriestley.htm7.ConceptualquestionsinEnglishasaWorldEnglish:Takingupanissue8.Englisharoundtheworld:sociolinguisticperspectivesJennyCheshire9.LinguisticImperialism.OxfordUniversityPress10.TheCambridgeGuidetoEnglishUsage.CambridgeUniversityPress6