2019年国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》和《护理科研方法》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案 49页

2019年国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》和《护理科研方法》合集网络核心课形考网考作业及答案最新国家开放大学电大《管理英语4》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案100%通过考试说明：2019年春期电大把《管理英语4》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，它共有八个单元自测。针对该门课程，给出了每个单元自测的二套标准题库，在考试中可多次抽取试题，直至与其中的一套答案相近即可。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案，敬请查看。单元自测1第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Thisprojectistoobigformetofinishontime.选择一项：C.I'llgiveyouahand题目2—Ithinkthingshavebeenabitdifficultforusthelastcoupleofmonths.—__________.We'vebeenworkinghard,butstillgettingbehind.选择一项：A.You'reright题目3AT&Tfoundthatemployeeswithbetterplanninganddecision-makingskillswere______tobepromotedintomanagementjobs.选择一项：A.morelikely题目4TheHumanResourceManagingDepartmentatHondaisgivenspecificinstructions______employthebestpossiblenworkers.选择一项：C.onhowto题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项：B.indicate题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。WhoKilledNokia?　　Nokiaexecutivesattemptedtoexplainitsfallfromthetopofthesmartphonepyramidwiththreefactors:1)thatNokiawastechnicallyinferiortoApple,2)thatthecompanywascomplacentand3)thatitsleadersdidn'tseethedisruptiveiPhonecoming.　　Ithasalsobeenarguedthatitwasnoneoftheabove.Nokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseofdivergentsharedfearsamongthecompany'smiddleandtopmanagerswhichledtocompany-wideinertiathatleftitpowerlesstorespondtoApple'sgame.　　Basedonthefindingsofanin-depthinvestigationand76interviewswithtopandmiddlemanagers,engineersandexternalexperts,theresearchersdiscoveredacultureoffearduetotemperamentalleadersandthatfrightenedmiddlemanagerswerescaredoftellingthetruth.　　Thefearthatfrozethecompanycamefromtwoplaces.First,thecompany'stopmanagershadaterrifyingreputation.SomemembersofNokia'sboardandtopmanagementweredescribedas“extremelytemperamental”andtheyregularlyshoutedatpeople“atthetopoftheirlungs”.Itwasverydifficulttotellthemthingstheydidn'twanttohear.Secondly,topmanagerswereafraidoftheexternalenvironmentandnotmeetingtheirquarterlytargets,whichalsoimpactedhowtheytreatedmiddlemanagers.　　Topmanagersthusmademiddlemanagersafraidofdisappointingthem.Middlemanagersweretoldthattheywerenotambitiousenoughtomeettopmanagers'goals.　　Fearingthereactionsoftopmanagers,middlemanagersremainedsilentorprovidedoptimistic,filteredinformation.Thus,middlemanagersdirectlyliedtotopmanagement.n　　Worse,acultureofstatusinsideNokiamadeeveryonewanttoholdontovestedpowerforfearofresourcesbeingallocatedelsewhereiftheydeliveredbadnewsorshowedthattheywerenotboldorambitiousenoughtoundertakechallengingassignments.　　Beyondverbalpressure,topmanagersalsoappliedpressureforfasterperformanceinpersonnelselection.Thisledmiddlemanagerstooverpromiseandunderdeliver.Onemiddlemanagertoldusthat“youcangetresourcesbypromisingsomethingearlier,orpromisingalot.It'ssaleswork.”　　Whilemodestfearmightbehealthyformotivation,abusingitcanbelikeoverusingadrug,whichrisksgeneratingharmfulsideeffects.Toreducethisrisk,leadersshouldcoordinatewiththevariedemotionsofthestaff.Nokia'stopmanagersshouldhaveencouragedsafedialogue,internalcoordinationandfeedbacktounderstandthetrueemotionintheorganization.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1.NokialostthesmartphonebattlebecauseitstechnologyisnotasgoodasthatofApple.F2.Nokia'smiddlemanagerswerefranktotellthetruth,butthetoponesdidn'tlistentothem.F3.Nokia'stopmanagersweretoomoodytohearanythinggoodbutharsh.T4.MiddlemanagersinNokiadeliveredresultsmorethantheypromisedearlier.F5.Nokia'stopmanagersshouldhavehadbetterconversationtechniquestoencourageinternalcoordinationandtruth.T第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）—Couldyougiveusaspeechonmanagementfunctionssomedaythisweek?选择一项：C.I'dloveto,butI'mbusythisweek题目2—Wecouldletsomeofthestaffworkfromhome.________________?—That'sagoodidea.选择一项：B.Whatdoyouthinkofit题目3n______hisangertheemployeescalledhimMr.Thunder,buttheylovedhim.选择一项：A.Dueto题目4Itisthroughenthusiasmandquietintensity______wetransformcreativityandvisionintothetechnologies.选择一项：A.that题目5Theresponsibilitiesinhandbook______thatmanagershavetobeconcernedwithefficiencyandeffectivenessintheworkprocess.选择一项：B.indicate题目6二、听力理解：听录音，选择最佳答案（共50分）。操作提示：通过下拉选项框，选择答案。1.WhatkindofroleisMelindatakingonforherjob?C.Projectcoordinator.2.HowlongwillMelindabetrainedforhernewrole?B.Halfamonth.3.HowoftenshouldMelindareporttotheboardontheprogressoftheproject?A.Onceamonth.4.WhatkindofcontractcanMelindasignwithoutsidecontractors?B.Standardtemporary-workercontract.5.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtoMelinda'sresponsibilities?A.Formulatetheindustrystandardofpayment.单元自测2n第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—____________________identifytheproblemsthathavebeenoccurring?—Well,asyouknow,theproblemswehadwithGarycausedalotoffrictionamongtheteam.选择一项：C.Areyouableto题目2—Ifyoucan'tsaywhatyou'vecometosayatthemeeting,what'sthepoint?—____________________,butIthinkyoumightneedtochangeyourapproachsomewhat.选择一项：B.Icanseethat题目3WhenthemessagefinallyreachedtheCommandCenter,it__________“mutated”tobecome—“Sendthreeandfour-pence,we'regoingtoadance.”选择一项：B.had题目4EverytimeItriedtosaysomething,hewould______tosomethingelse.选择一项：B.moveon题目5Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项：C.issufferingn题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。HabitsofHighlyEffectiveCommunicators　　It'snosecretthatgoodleadersarealsogoodcommunicators.Indeed,communicationandleadershipareinextricablytied.Howcanyougalvanize,inspireorguideothersifyoudon'tcommunicateinaclear,credibleandauthenticway?Hereare5essentialcommunicationpracticesofeffectiveleaders:　　1.Mindthesay-dogap.Trustisthebedrockofeffectiveleadership–yourbehaviorisyoursinglegreatestmodeofcommunication,anditmustbecongruentwithwhatyousay.Ifyouractionsdon'talignwithyourwords,youarestoringuptroubleforthefuture.　　2.Makethecomplexsimple.Effectiveleadersdistillcomplexthoughtsandstrategiesintosimple,memorabletermsthatcolleaguesandcustomerscangraspandactupon.Themostimportantthingistoclarifywhatyouwanttosay,lookoutfortechnicaljargonandavoidbusinessspeak,whichaddcomplexity.Saywhatyoumeaninasfewwordsaspossible.　　3.Findyourownvoice.Uselanguagethat'sdistinctlyyourown;letyourvaluescomethroughinyourcommunication.Correctuseoflanguageandgrammarareimportant,ofcourse,butdon'tbecomeoverlyfixatedoneloquenceforeloquence'ssake;concentrateonbeingdistinctandreal.Peoplewantreal,peoplerespectreal,peoplefollowreal.　　4.BevisibleVisibilityisaboutlettingyourkeystakeholdersgetafeelforwhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.Don'thidebehindacomputerandonlyinteractwithpeopleelectronically–seethemfacetofaceandvoicetovoice,andinteractwiththeminareal,substantialway.Intoday'senvironment,wherepeopleareoftenburnedout,it'simportantforemployeestohaveapersonalconnectionwithyouandtheworkyoubelievein.Showthepeoplethatworkforyouthatyou'reengagedandthatyoucareaboutthemandtheirwork.　　5.Listenwithyoureyesaswellasyourears.Effectivecommunicationisatwo-wayprocess,andgoodleadersknowhowtoaskgoodquestions,andthenlistenwithboththeireyesandtheirears.Becauseyouareinapositionofauthority,othersmaybereluctanttoexpresstheirrealopinionstoyoudirectly.Youwon'talwaysgetdirectfeedback,soyouneedtoalsobeabletoreadbetweenthelinesandlookforthenon-verbalcues.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1.Communicationandleadershipdon'talwaysgohandinhand.F2.Thesay-dogaphappenswhenpeoplemisunderstandtheirleader'sintention.F3.Usingtechnicaljargonmakesaleaderconvincing.Fn4.Communicatingsincerelyisalwaysthebest.T5.Observationisasimportantascommunicationwhenyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplereallythink.T第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Howdidyourmeetinggoyesterday?—____________________actually,itwasreallyfrustrating.选择一项：A.Notsogood题目2—Howcanyouexplainthelatestsituation?—____________________,Iknowitisallmyfault.选择一项：A.Sorry题目3Ifdemandisrisingbutthefirm__________fromcommunicationfailure,thenstockswillfallandtherewillbeunderstaffing.选择一项：C.issuffering题目4Ithinktheprimary______factoristhere'sbeensomuchabsencelately.选择一项：A.contributing题目5He'sleftnow,butproductivityhasn't______thatmuch.选择一项：nC.pickedup题目6二、完型填空（共50分）操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。WhatWeHaveHere:AFailuretoCommunicate　　Itistheweirdething.Therearemorewaysthanevertocommunicatewithpeople,yetitsometimesseemslikeitismoredifficulttoconnect—andstayconnected—withanyone.　　Shouldyoushootoffanemail?Tapoutatext?PostaprivatemessageonFacebook?WriteontheirFacebookwall?Skype,poke,pingorconjurethemuponadigitaltincanphone?　　Andonceyoureachsomeone,youwonder:Ishepayingattention?Howdoyouknow?Evenwiththetechno-easeofcountlesscommunicationdevices,conversationscanstillbetroublesome.Questionsareaskedandansweredoutoforder.Instructionsanddirectionsgohalf-read.Meetingsarebotched.Feelingsarehurt.单元自测3第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项：C.Don'tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—WillyouhelpmearrangeameetingwithMr.Brown,please?选择一项：C.SorryIcan't.Ihavetofinishmyprojectrightnow.题目3IfItakethetimetotalkwithmymanageratthebeginningofaproject,we______offtoagreatstartonthesamepage.选择一项：nA.canget题目4IbelievethatIhavealottocontribute______ateamenvironment,andamcomfortableinbothleadershipandplayerroles.选择一项：A.to题目5Theteamcreatesanenvironment______peoplearecomfortableincommunicating,advocatingpositions,andtakingaction.选择一项：C.inwhich题目6阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。TipsforTeamBuilding　　Whenyouthinkofteambuilding,doyouimmediatelypictureyourgroupoffataresortplayinggamesorhangingfromropes?Traditionally,manyorganizationsapproachteambuildinginthiswaybut,then,theywonderwhythatwonderfulsenseofteamworkthathadbeendisplayedattheretreatortheseminarfailstoimpactlongtermbeliefsandactionsbackatwork.　　I'mnotaversetoretreats,planningsessions,seminarsandteambuildingactivities—infactIleadthem—buttheyhavetoformpartofamuchlargerteamworkeffort.Youwillnotbuildteamworkby“retreating”asagroupforacoupleofdayseachyear,insteadyouneedtothinkofteambuildingassomethingyoudoeverysingleday.　　•Formteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocesses.Providetraininginsystematicmethodssotheteamexpendsitsenergyontheproject,notontryingtoworkouthowtoworktogetherasateamtoapproachtheproblem.　　•Holddepartmentmeetingstoreviewprojectsandprogress,toobtainbroadinput,andtocoordinatesharedworkprocesses.Ifthereisfrictionbetweenteammembers,examinetheworkprocessestheymutuallyown—theproblemisnotusuallytheirpersonalities;instead,itisoftenthefactthattheteammembershaven'tagreedonhowtheywilldeliveraproductorservice,orthestepsrequiredtogetsomethingdone.n　　•Buildfunandsharedoccasionsintotheorganization'sagenda—holdpotlucklunches,taketheteamtoasportingevent,sponsordinnersatalocalrestaurant,gohikingorgotoanamusementpark.Holdamonthlycompanymeeting,sponsorsportsteamsandencouragecheeringteamfans.　　•Useicebreakersandteamworkexercisesatmeetings—thesehelpteammembersgettoknoweachother,sharedetailsabouteachotherslives,andhavealaughtogether.　　•Celebrateteamsuccessespublicly.Therearemanywaysyoucoulddothis,forinstancebybuyingeveryonethesameT-shirtorhat,puttingteammembernamesinadrawforcompanymerchandiseandgiftcertificates.Theonlythinglimitingyouisyourimagination.　　Ifyoudothetypesofteamworkbuildinglistedabove,you'llbeamazedattheprogressyouwillmakeincreatingateamworkculture,aculturethatenablesindividualstocontributemorethantheyeverthoughtpossible—together.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1.Teambuildingeventistraditionallyrelatedtoplayinggamesatresort.T2.Theauthorclaimsthatplayinggamestogetherisasimportantasformteamstosolverealworkissuesandtoimproverealworkprocessesforteambuilding.F3.“Retreat”inthefirstparagraphmeanswithdrawaloftroopsafteradefeat.F4.Icebreakingmotivatesteammemberscompetewitheachother.F5.Agoodteamworkcultureenablesindividualsmakemoreeffortstogether.T第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—IamsorryforwhatIhavesaidtoyou.选择一项：C.Don'tthinkanymoreaboutit.题目2—CouldIborrowyouriPadforafewhours?选择一项：B.Sure,hereyouare.Enjoyyourtime.n题目3Regularandconcretefeedbackisimportant______whoisnotperforminguptoherpotential.选择一项：B.whendealingwithaworker题目4Teammembersare______asuniquepeoplewithirreplaceableexperiences,pointsofview,andknowledgetocontribute.选择一项：B.viewed题目5Inhighschool,Iamequallycomfortable______asamemberofateamandindependently.选择一项：B.working题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。ATeamworkGame　　Ateamofabout35employeeshadcometogetherforateambuildingevent.Theywereayoung,brightandenthusiasticteam.However,oneoftheirchiefproblemswasthefactthattheywouldn'tshareinformationorsolutionswitheachother,andtheteamleaderthoughttheyweretoofocusedonthemselvesandnotontheteam.Asaresult,shebroughtthemallintothecafeteria.Allofthetablesandchairshadbeenstoredaway,andfundecorationsandhundredsofdifferentcoloredballoonshadbeenplacedaroundtheroom.　　Inthecenteroftheroomwasabigboxofballoonsthathadn'tbeenblownupyet.Theteamleaderinstructedeverybodytopickaballoon,blowitup,andwritetheirnameonit,buttheyhadtobecarefulnottobursttheballoon.　　Althoughtheyweregivenasecondchanceiftheirfirstballoonpopped,theywereoutofthegamethesecondtimeround.Intheend,about30teammemberswrotetheirnameswithouttheirballoonspopping.Theywerethenaskedtoleavetheroomand,afterfiveminutes,theteamleaderbroughtthembackinandaskedthemtofindtheballoonwiththeirnameonitamongstthehundredsofotherballoonsintheroom.After15minutesofsearching,noonehadfoundtheirballoon,andtheteamweretoldthattheywerethengoingtomoveontothethirdroundnoftheactivity.　　Inthisround,eachteammemberwasinstructedtofindanyballoonwithanameonitandthengivethatballoontothepersonwhosenamewasonit.Withintwominutes,everybodyhadtheirownballoon.Theteamleadersummarizedtheactivitythus:“Wearemuchmoreefficientwhenwearewillingtosharewitheachotherandmuchbetteratproblemsolvingwhenweareworkingtogether,notindividually.”　　Sometimes,membersofteamscreateobstaclesbyfocusingsolelyontheirownpursuitsandgoals.Everymemberoftheteamshouldaskthemselvesonaregularbasiswhattheyaredoingandwhattheycandofortheteam.操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.ThisteambuildingeventwasaimedatB.makingtheteammembersknowhowtoshareinformationorsolutionsandcooperatewitheachother2.ThiseventwasheldinA.aself-servicerestaurant3.Abouthowmanyteammemberswereoutofthesecondroundoftheactivity?C.5.4.Whichstatementbelowiscorrect?C.Inthethirdround,everybodyhadtheirownballoonwithhelpfromotherswithin2minutes.5.Whatwastheeventgoingtoteachtheseemployees?A.Sharingandcooperatingwithotherteammembersismoreefficientwhentheyareworkingtogether.单元自测4第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项：A.That'sveryniceofyou题目2—DoyoumindifIusevoucherstospendinarestaurant?n选择一项：B.Notatall.Goahead.题目3Theleader______atcreatingopportunitiestoproviderewards,recognitionandthankstohisorherstaff.选择一项：C.excels题目4______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项：C.Beingableto题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项：A.however题目6二、听力理解：听录音，判断正误（共50分）。请听录音：操作提示：正确选“T”，错误选“F”。1.Humanresourcessupportedtheproposalofgivingthebusinessintelligenceapayincentiveeverythreemonthsatthebeginning.F2.BradfromhumanresourcessupportsScott'sidea.T3.CarlottaisthemanagerofHRD.F4.Menandwomeninthebusinessintelligenceteamwhohavebeenselectedtogettheprizewillreceivethesamerewardingthings.F5.Theprize-winnercannotchoosetheprizethatcostsmorethan$500.7.Theprize-winnercanonlyhavematerialawardsandnodayoff.T第二套n一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Wow!Thisisafantasticproject!I'veneverknownyou'resocreative.选择一项：C.Thanksforyourcompliments.题目2—CanIgetyouacoupleoftea?选择一项：A.That'sveryniceofyou题目3______clearlycommunicatewithandactivelylistentoemployeesisessentialtoimprovetheirperformance.选择一项：C.Beingableto题目4Companiesare______interestedinyoursoftskills______theyareinyourhardskills.选择一项：B.as…as…题目5Alltheteammemberstriedtheirbest.Welostthegame,_________.选择一项：A.however题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。HowGoogleContinuestoKeepEmployeesHappy　　WorkingforGoogleisadreamofmany,notjustbecauseofwhatthiscompanyhasachievedinthelast15years,butbecauseofitsenviableworkculture.Withabout37,000employeesin40countries,youmightwondernhowGooglemaintainsamotivatingworkexperiencethroughoutitsentirecompany.　　WorkingforGooglecomeswithperksthatmostotherorganizationscan'tprovide--bowlingalleys,freehaircuts,gymmemberships,andshuttlestoandfromwork.Thecompany'ssecrettosuccessisputtingthesameamountoftimeandeffortintokeepingemployeeshappyasitdoesintoinnovatingproducts.　　Backwhenthecompanywasjustastart-up,co-foundersLarryPageandSergeyBrinhadthegoalofmakingGoogleaplacethemosttalentedpeoplewantedtoworkat.Theirideawassimple:creatingaworkculturethatkeepsemployeeshappywillmotivatethemtodotheirbestandwillkeepthemloyaltothecompany.　　“It'slessabouttheaspirationtobeNo.1intheworld,andmorethatwewantouremployeesandfutureonestoloveithere,becausethat'swhat'sgoingtomakeussuccessful,”saidKarenMay,theVicePresidentofpeopledevelopmentatGoogle.　　Googlealsomakesitsemployeeswanttoworkbecausemanagersprovidetasksthatareinspiringandchallenging.EveryemployeeatGooglehastheopportunitytospend20%ofhisorherworkingtimeonaprojecttheychoose.Thisfreedomtakesemployeesoutoftheirroutineandawayfromthemundanetasksthatoftenmakeworkersfeeluninspiredabouttheirjobs.　　Lastly,Googleshowseachemployeejusthowimportantheorsheistothecompany.Eachemployee,regardlessofherspotonthetotempole,hasaninfluenceonhowGoogleperforms.　　“Ifyouvaluepeople,andcareaboutthemaswholepeople,onethingyoudoisgivingthemavoice,andyoureallylisten,”Maysaid.　　GoogledoesjustthatbyhostingemployeeforumseveryFriday,wheretheydiscussthe20most-askedquestions.Employeeshaveaccesstoallcompanyinformation,addingasenseoftrust,andemployeesandleadersworktogethertosolveproblems.操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.HowwouldyoudescribeGoogle?B.Largeglobalenterprises2.WhichonedoesNOTbelongtothemethodsthatGooglemotivateitsemployees?A.PromotingtheemployeewhohasmoreinfluenceonGooglethehigherjobposition.3.WhofoundedGoogle?A.LarryPageandSergeyBrin4.IfyouareanormalemployeeofGoogle,whatcouldyoudoEXCEPT?nB.Onlyworkfortheprojectyouchoose.5.WhatisGoogle'ssecrettosuccess?C.Valuingthehappinessofitsemployeesasmuchasinnovatinggoodproducts.单元自测5第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项：C.Idon'tthinkso.It'snotyourfault.题目2—Whydidn'tyoucometomybirthdaypartyyesterday?选择一项：B.Sorry,butmywifehadacaraccident.题目3Myleathershoescostme________thelastpairsIbought.选择一项：C.threetimesasmuchas题目4Theworkmenwantto________thenumberofworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.选择一项：B.decrease题目5Lindawalkedatthehead,________byhercolleagues.选择一项：A.followedn题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。PerformanceManagementandPerformanceAppraisal　　Performancemanagementaimstoacknowledgeemployeeachievements,supporttheirpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment,andmotivateandempowerthemtoperformtheirworkeffectively.Performancemanagementhelpsemployeestodeveloptheirunderstanding,knowledgeandskillssothattheycancontributetotheachievementoftheenterprise'sgoalsandgainpersonalandjobsatisfaction.Itisavitalpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.　　Everyenterprisewantsandshouldexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.Theelementsofacompetency-basedperformancemanagementsystemwill,ifimplementedwell,enablehighperformancewhichwilldefineenterpriseandpersonalsuccess.Usingperformancemanagementprocesses,anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallenges.Thisisdoneby:　　●identifyingthecriticalpositions　　●determiningthemostimportantcompetenciesforthosepositions　　●providingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees　　●holdingeachpersonaccountablefortheirresults　　Thekeytotheperformancemanagementprocessis‘performanceappraisal'.Performanceappraisalissimplyanevaluationofhowwellanemployeeperformshisorherjobcomparedtoasetofpredeterminedstandards.Itisasystematicprocessoffeedbackonanemployee'sworkperformance,andagreementtofuturetrainingplans,jobgoalsandjobaspirations.　　Tobeeffective,aperformanceappraisalneedstohaveasetofagreedcriteriathatwillbethebasisoffeedbackaswellasofsettingfuturegoals.Unitsofcompetencyprovideaveryeffectivetoolforsettingbenchmarksorcriteriaforworkperformance.Theperformancecriteriawithinunitsofcompetencycanbeusedasmeasurestoassessagainstinaperformanceappraisalorreview.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1.Performancemanagementisaveryimportantpartofanyqualityhumanresourcesystem.T2.Theaimofperformancemanagementistopunishtheunqualifiedemployees.F3.Anenterprisecanbebetterplacedtomeetcompetitivechallengesbyprovidingtheeducation,trainingandfeedbackrequiredbyemployees,forexample.Tn4.Everyenterprisecanexpecthighperformancefromeachemployee.F5.“Performancemanagement”isalsocalled“performanceappraisal”.F第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—IthinkIhavemadeagreatmistake.选择一项：C.Idon'tthinkso.It'snotyourfault.题目2—Over-the-top?Youmean…选择一项：A.Well,sometimesyourco-workersfeelthatyouaretooloud.题目3Theyhavecometotheconclusion________thiswinterwillbeevencolderthanbefore.选择一项：A.that题目4Pleaseaskthesolicitorwhathis________wouldbetotakethecasetocourt.选择一项：B.fee题目5Achild'scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishome________.选择一项：B.environment题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。nHowtoHandleaBadPerformanceReview　　Gettingabadperformancereviewcanmakeyoufeelangry,unappreciated,defeated,andhopeless.Butit'snottheendoftheworld.Rememberthatthewayyourespondtothisappraisalcanmakeallthedifferenceinthenextone.Evenifyoubelievethatthereviewisinaccurateandthatyourbossiscompletelywrong,youwillbenefitbyreactinginamature,adultmanner.Herearesomesuggestions:　　Staycalm.Relax.Breathe.Donotoverreactandbeobjective.Especially,donotsaythingsthatwilllikelyberegrettedlater.Besides,thepersongivingtheperformancereviewmayormaynotbetheonewhohaswrittenthebadreview.　　WhattoDoWhenReceivingaBadPerformanceReview　　It'sbesttolistenattentively.Andmakecommentsorremarksonlywhenaskedforthem.Besides,duringtheperformancereview,youwillbegiventhechancetorespondandmaydisagree.　　WhattoDoAfterReceivingaBadPerformanceReview　　Don'tbeintimidatedbythebadperformancereviewandwanttoquitthejob;instead,learnfromit.Also,iftheorganizationallowstheiremployeestomakeawrittenstatementontheirownbehalf,domakeone.Itisimportantfortheworkertoshowwhyshedoesnotagreewiththebedperformancereview;forinstance,anemployeemayexpresstheirdifferentunderstandingand,atthesametime,awillingnesstocomplywithanyconstructivesuggestions.　　WaystoImproveaBadPerformanceReview　　Awaytoimproveabadperformancereviewistosetself-reviews,thatis,establishperformancestandards.Anotherwaytoimproveabadreviewistolearnmoreaboutwhatthemanager,supervisor,orbosswantsorexpectsfromhis/heremployees.Learningwhatitwasthatcausedabadperformancereviewhelpstoimproveprofessionalgrowthandencouragesaswellasmotivatestheworkertodobetterinordertoreceiveagoodreviewnexttime.操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Staycalmandlistencarefully.2.Whatshouldyoudoafteryouaregivenabadperformancereview?C.Learnfromthereview.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyoudonotagreewiththebadperformancereview?B.Makeawrittenstatementonyourownbehalfifitisallowed.n4.HowdoyouimproveabadperformancereviewA.Understandtheestablishedperformancestandards.5.Whyshouldweunderstandthecauseofabadperformancereview?B.Becauseitencouragesandmotivatestheworkertodobetter.单元自测6第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Whichofthesehatsdoyouwant?—_______.Eitherwilldo.选择一项：A.Idon'tmind题目2—Ifyoudon'tbelieveinyourself,nooneelsewill.—_____.Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项：C.Icouldn'tagreemore题目3Redundancyhappenswhenemployeesneedto_____theirworkforce.Andasaresult,someonegetsdismissedfromwork.选择一项：C.reduce题目4Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项：B.shouldbetouchedn题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项：B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、完型填空（共50分）操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。　　OnMay27,1995,ourlifewassuddenlychanged.Ithappenedafewminutespastthree,whenmyhusband,Chris,fellfromhishorseasitjumpedoverafence.Chriswasparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthechestdown,unabletobreathenormally.Ashewasthrownfromhishorse,weenteredintoalifeofdisabilitywithlotsofunexpectedchallenges.Wewentfromthe“haves”tothe“have-nots”.Orsowethought.　　Yetwhatwediscoveredlaterwereallthegiftsthatcameoutofsharingdifficulties.Wecametolearnthatsomethingwonderfulcouldhappeninadisaster.AllovertheworldpeoplecaredforChrissomuchthatlettersandpostcardspouredineveryday.BytheendofthethirdweekinamedicalcenterinVirginia,about35,000piecesofmailhadbeenreceivedandsorted.Asafamily,weopenedletterafterletter.Theygaveuscomfortandbecameasourceofstrengthforus.Weusethemtoencourageourselves.Iwouldgotothepileoflettersmarkedwith“funny”ifweneedalaugh,ortothe“disabled”boxtofindadvicefrompeopleinwheelchairsoreveninbedlivinghappilyandsuccessfully.Theseletters,werealized,hadtobeshared.Andsohereweofferoneofthemtoyou.第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—CanIhavethreedaysoffnextweek,Mr.Smith?—_____.Icanmanagewithoutyou.选择一项：B.Ofcourse题目2—I'mgoingtoBeijingforafewdays.n—_______.IwishIcouldgowithyou.选择一项：C.Ireallyenvyyou题目3Heorderedthatnothing________untilthepolicearrived.选择一项：B.shouldbetouched题目4All_____glitters(闪闪发光)isnotgold.选择一项：A.that题目5Bytheendoftheyear,thesalesplanforthenextyear______.选择一项：B.willhavebeenmade题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。JackWelchLeadingOrganizationalChangeatGE　　WhenJackWelch,theChairmanandCEOatGeneralElectric(GE)retiredin2001,hecouldlookbackataverysuccessfulcareer.HebecameCEOin1981attheageof45.Atthattime,GEhadaverycomplexorganizationalstructurewithconsiderablybureaucraticrules.　　Oneofhisfirstchangeswastoinitiateastrategyformulationprocesswiththeguidelinethateachofthebusinessesshouldbenumber1or2intheirrespectiveareas.Ifthiswasnotthecase,managershadtheoptionsoffixingtheproblem,sellingtheirparticularbusiness,orclosingit.Inanefforttostreamlinetheorganization,Welchremovedthesectorlevelandeliminatedthousandsofsalariedandhourlyemployeepositions.　　TherestructuringwasfollowedbychangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE'smanagers.OnesuchprogramwastheWork-Out（群策群力）.Groupsofmanagerswereassembledtosharetheirviewsopenlyinthree-daysessions.Atthebeginningofthemeetings,thesuperiorpresentedthechallengesforhisnorherorganizationalunit.Thenthesuperiorhadtoleave,requestingthegroupstofindsolutionstotheproblems.Facilitators(会议主持人)helpedthesediscussions.Onthelastday,thesuperiorwaspresentedwithproposedsolutions.Heorshethenhadthreechoices:toaccepttheproposal,nottoacceptit,ortocollectmoreinformation.Thisprocessputgreatpressureonthesuperiortomakedecisions.　　AnotherprogramtoimproveeffectivenessandefficiencywasBestPractices.Theaimwastolearnfromothercompanieshowtheyobtainedcustomersatisfaction,howtheyrelatedtotheirsuppliers,andinwhatwaystheydevelopednewproducts.ThishelpedtheGEpeopletofocusontheprocessesintheiroperationsthatwouldimprovethecompany'sperformance.　　JackWelchwaspersonallyinvolvedindevelopingmanagersatGE'strainingcenterinCrotonville.Leaders,Welchsuggested,arenotonlythosewhoachieveresultsbutalsothosewhosharethevaluesofthecompany.操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。1.JackWelchretiredattheageof65.T2.JackWelchinsistedthateachofthebusinessesshouldbeatleastnumber3intheirrespectivearea.F3.IfthebusinesscouldnotmeetWelch'schangerequirements,itsmanagerhad3choices.T4.TherestructuringwentbeforechangingtheorganizationalcultureandthemanagerialstylesofGE'smanagers.T5.TheWorkOutlastedaweek.F单元自测7第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Terriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourdictionary?—Yes,______________.选择一项：A.ofcourse题目2—Haveyoualreadypaid?What'smyshareofthebill？—_________.Itwasn'tverymuch.n选择一项：C.Don'tworryaboutit题目3Allthe_____guestsareseatedinthefrontrow.选择一项：C.distinguished题目4______onthehilltop,youcouldenjoythesceneryofthecitybathedinthesun.选择一项：A.Standing题目5______theimportanceofEnglish,weshouldputmoreeffortintoitandtrytolearnitwell.选择一项：A.Given题目6二、听力理解：听录音，判断正误（共50分）。请听录音：操作提示：正确选“T”，错误选“F”。1.Twodifferentcorporateculturesarediscussedinthedialog.T2.Melinda'scompanyalsohasacreativeculture.F3.AccordingtoJack,theimportantthingistohiretherightemployeesinthefirstplace.T4.Inacreativecultureteamworkisnotencouraged.F5.Acreativecultureisbetterthanacollaborativeculture.F第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1n—Haveyoualreadypaid?What'smyshareofthebill？—_________.Itwasn'tverymuch.选择一项：C.Don'tworryaboutit题目2—TheAutoShowintheCityStadiumhasbeencanceled.—Oh,no！_________选择一项：A.Whatapity!题目3Thereason_____hewasabsentfromclassyesterdaywasthathewasillandhospitalized.选择一项：B.why题目4Compared______English,Chineseisgenerallybelievedtobemoredifficulttolearn.选择一项：A.with题目5Whatcanweexpect____him?选择一项：B.from题目6二、完型填空（共50分）操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。　　Whatismuseum?Amuseumisagoodplacetokeepoldandbeautifulthings.Amuseummaybeaplacetolearnaboutscience.AmuseumcanbeaplaceaboutartofIndiansoranimals.Whatisinsideamuseum?Somemuseumsnhaveoldcarsandairplanes.Manymuseumshavepicturesandstatues（雕像）.Othershaverocksandoldbones.Onemuseumevenhasacoalmineinside!Manycitieshavemuseums.Someverysmalltownshavemuseums,too.Indianapolishasachildren'smuseum.Childrendonothavetopaytogetin.Childrengotothemuseumoften.Theyliketolookatthedinosaurbones.Theyseeawhitebeartenfeettall.Theygoinsideanoldlogcabin（小木屋）.OnSaturday,Indianapolischildrencanheartalksaboutanimalsandtrees.Theyseemovies.单元自测8第一套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon't.—____________________Confidenceisreallyimportant.选择一项：C.Icouldn'tagreemore.题目2—I'dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项：B.I'llmakesureyougetone.题目3please______yourhandifyouhaveanyquestionatall.选择一项：A.raise题目4We________withachievement.选择一项：B.areobsessed题目5nWhenpeoplearesurroundedby______communicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.选择一项：B.constant题目6二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题（共50分）。HowDoYouCreateaCultureofInnovation?　　Haveyounoticedthecourageburiedinthewordencourage?Tocreateacultureinwhichinnovationflourishestakescourage.Determinedinnovatorsarealwayscourageousenoughtoestablishacultureinwhichinnovationisgreatlyencouragedandrewarded.Herearethreewaystodothat.　　Putinnovationattheheartofstrategy,andpersistitineverymessage.Thinkofinnovationstrategyasapyramid:bigbetsatthetop,afewprojectsindevelopmentinthemiddle,andabroadbaseofcontinuousimprovements,lastingcontributions,andearly-stagenewideasatthebottom.　　Definejobsaroundinnovation.Makeitajobprerequisite.Consider3M’smovetobecomeoneofthefirstcompaniestotellprofessionalsthattheycouldspend15percentoftheirtimeonprojectsoftheirownchoosing.Nowmanyhigh-techcompaniesknowthattheycan’tgetthebesttalentwithoutprovidingthiskindofflexibility.Andsomeofthoseself-selected,self-organizedprojectsmightevenresultinablockbusterproductorlineofbusiness.For3M,itwasthePost-itnote.　　Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.Tobuildacultureofcreativityandinnovation,Gillettedevelopedaninnovationfairinwhicheveryunitcouldshowoffitsmostpromisingnewconcepts.Itshowsthateveryonehasaroletoplayinacultureofinnovation.　　Togofromideatosuccessfulinnovationrequiresagreatdealofsupportandcollaboration.Whenpeoplearesurroundedbyconstantcommunicationandencouragement,theycanfindthecouragetotry,fail,redo,andtryagain.操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。1.Whatisnecessaryincreatinginnovationculture?B.courage2.Howdoes3Mcreateitsinnovationculture?B.definejobsaroundinnovation.n3.Thewordprerequisitein“Makeitajobprerequisite”meansA.requiredasapriorcondition4.HowdoesGillettecreateitsinnovationculture?C.Recognizeinnovationineverypartofthecompany.5.TheformationfromideatoinnovationneedsC.supportandcooperation第二套一、选择填空题（每题10分，共5题）题目1—It'saboutasuccessfulbusinessman'smanagementexperience,isn'tit?选择一项：B.That'sright!题目2—I'dlikeawake-upcallat7:00a.m.,please!—OK,________________.选择一项：B.I'llmakesureyougetone.题目3______wecan'tcompeteintermsofsizeIdobelieveweholdanadvantageintermsofdedicationtocustomerservice.选择一项：C.Although题目4Thekey______successfulimplementationisclearlycommunicatingthestrategytothewholecompany.选择一项：A.ton题目5Weneed________communicationskills:listencarefully,thinkbeforeyouspeakandmanageconflictsdiplomatically.选择一项：A.outstanding题目6二、完型填空（共50分）操作提示：通过下拉选项框选择正确的词汇。　　ThiseveningImetafriendatalocalbar.Shebroughtherlaptopalongsoshecouldshowmesomeofherlatestdigitalartdesigns.Aswelookedthroughherartwork,thelaptopsuddenlystartedmakinganunhealthynoise,thenthescreentwinkledonandoffandthencutoffcompletely.Andaswebothstaredatoneanothersurprisingly,theterriblesmelloffriedcomputercircuitsappeared.　　Igrabbedthelaptopoffthebartoinspectitandtheprobleminstantlyaroseitself.Thebottomofthelaptopwascompletelywetandempty,spiltwaterglassrestedagainstthesideofherpursejustbehindwherethelaptopwassitting.Whilewewerechattingandshiftingthelaptop's17inchscreenbackandforth,wesomehowspiltaglassofwaterthatthewaiterhadinadvertently(无意地)placedbehindthescreen,whichwasoutofourview.　　Whenlifethrowsidsometroubleslikethis,ittypicallydoesn'tmakeanysensetous,andournaturalemotionalreactionmightgetextremelyupsetatthetopofourlungs.Buthowdoesthishelpourdilemma?Obviously,itdoesn't.　　Thesmartestandhardestthingwecandointhesekindsofsituationsistobemoretemperedinourreaction.You'dbemuchwiserandmoredisciplinedthanscreamextremely.Youshouldrememberthatemotionalrageonlymakesmattersworse.Andpleaserememberthatonceithappens,thatwillgiveusanopportunitytogrowstronger.　　Everydifficultmomentinourlivesisaccompaniedbyanopportunityforpersonalgrowthandcreativity.Butinordertoattainthisgrowthandcreativity.　　Wemustfirstlearntocontrolouremotions.Wemustrecognizethatdifficultiespasslikeeverythinginourlife.n最新国家开放大学电大《护理科研方法》网络核心课形考网考作业及答案考试说明：2019年秋期电大把《护理科研方法》网络核心课纳入到“国开平台”进行考核，它共有四次形考任务。针对该门课程，本人汇总了该科所有的题，形成一个完整的标准题库，并且以后会不断更新，对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时，利用本文档中的查找工具，把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内，就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案，敬请查看。形成性考核50%+终结性考试50%=课程总成绩100%形成任务一题目1下列属于科研不端行为的是（）选择一项或多项：A.引用他人科研成果B.违反实验动物保护规范C.捏造科研数据D.篡改科研数据E.违反知情同意、保护隐私等规定题目2护理研究中的伦理原则包括（）选择一项或多项：A.优先原则B.公正原则C.有益原则D.知情同意E.尊重人的尊严题目3下列哪些是护理研究过程需要做的？（）选择一项或多项：A.查阅文献B.确立研究问题C.资料收集、分析、撰写论文D.科研设计E.确立研究对象题目4下列属于护理研究内容的是（）选择一项或多项：A.应用、验证护理理论的研究B.比较不同护理措施的效果C.探讨社区慢性病人群的管理模式D.调查护理人员的工作满意度E.评价某种新药的治疗效果题目5科学研究具有下列特征（）选择一项或多项：A.实事求是B.主观能动性C.可重复性D.普遍性E.特殊性n题目6下列属于文献回顾目的的是（）选择一项或多项：A.获得相关的理论依据B.启发和充实自己的研究思路和方法C.了解课题的现状和动态D.查看选题与已有研究是否重复E.解决所有的科研问题题目7以下为全文数据库的是（）选择一项或多项：A.万方B.ＰｒｏＱｕｅｓｔC.ＣＮＫＩD.维普E.ＰｕｂＭｅｄ题目8确立研究问题的过程包括（　　）选择一项或多项：A.缩小范围B.初步设想C.立题依据D.评价选题E.查阅文献题目9关于选题注意事项，描述正确的是（　　）选择一项或多项：A.具有可行性B.立足创新C.选择自己熟悉的专业D.范围越大越有价值E.有实用价值题目10以下哪些属于常用的检索途径的是（）选择一项或多项：A.作者途径B.关键词途径C.题名途径D.分类途径E.主题途径题目1关于伦理委员会的成员，应包括（）选择一项或多项：A.医学专业的人员B.研究涉及的利益集团的成员C.法律专业的人员D.伦理专业的人员E.非本单位的人员题目2关于护理研究的特点，描述恰当的是（）n选择一项或多项：A.研究中易涉及伦理问题B.多数测量指标具有主观性C.大多数以人为研究对象D.测量指标具有不稳定性E.研究对象具有复杂性题目3在护理研究中，关于预实验的目的，描述恰当的是？（）选择一项或多项：A.检查设计方案是否可行B.摸清和熟悉研究条件C.对研究中所用的问卷进行信效度测定D.及早发现研究中可能出现的问题E.为确立研究问题提供依据题目4下列属于违反有益原则的做法是（）选择一项：A.优先对待社会地位较高的研究对象B.剥夺对照组本该享有的措施C.不向研究对象讲明研究可能带来的风险D.在研究对象不知情的情况下进行录音或录像E.采用强制、利诱等手段使研究对象参与研究题目5某研究者在选取研究对象时，为了使研究对象有动机参与研究，告诉研究对象如果参与研究，就可获得优先就诊的机会；而如果不参与研究，可能会等很久才能看病。从护理研究的伦理原则看，这种方法属于（）选择一项：A.违反了知情同意的原则B.违反了公正原则C.侵犯了研究对象的隐私权D.违反了有益原则E.侵犯了研究对象的自主决定权题目6以下哪些选项可能是科研选题的来源的是（）选择一项或多项：A.结合理论进行选题B.从实践中发现研究问题C.从文献中获取选题的灵感D.从护理新领域中选题E.选择与已有研究类似的题目题目7目录、文摘和索引属于下列哪类文献？（）选择一项：A.一次文献B.二次文献C.三次文献D.原始文献E.零次文献题目8查阅文献的基本步骤包括（）n选择一项或多项：A.明确检索目的B.选择文献检索工具C.确定检索途径和检索词D.根据线索获取原始文献E.以上顺序是正确的题目9研究问题的陈诉包括（）选择一项或多项：A.立题依据B.研究方法C.研究题目D.研究目的E.研究意义题目10通常一个和护理研究的研究目的有（）选择一项：A.３～４个B.４～５个C.１～２个D.５～６个E.多多益善题目1下列哪些是护理研究过程需要做的？（）选择一项或多项：A.确立研究对象B.资料收集、分析、撰写论文C.确立研究问题D.查阅文献E.科研设计题目2某研究者在选取研究对象时，为了使研究对象有动机参与研究，告诉研究对象如果参与研究，就可获得优先就诊的机会；而如果不参与研究，可能会等很久才能看病。从护理研究的伦理原则看，这种方法属于（）选择一项：A.违反了公正原则B.侵犯了研究对象的自主决定权C.违反了有益原则D.违反了知情同意的原则E.侵犯了研究对象的隐私权题目3下列属于护理研究内容的是（）选择一项或多项：A.应用、验证护理理论的研究B.比较不同护理措施的效果C.调查护理人员的工作满意度D.探讨社区慢性病人群的管理模式E.评价某种新药的治疗效果题目4下列属于违反有益原则的做法是（）n选择一项：A.采用强制、利诱等手段使研究对象参与研究B.优先对待社会地位较高的研究对象C.不向研究对象讲明研究可能带来的风险D.在研究对象不知情的情况下进行录音或录像E.剥夺对照组本该享有的措施题目5在护理研究中，关于预实验的目的，描述恰当的是？（）选择一项或多项：A.为确立研究问题提供依据B.检查设计方案是否可行C.对研究中所用的问卷进行信效度测定D.摸清和熟悉研究条件E.及早发现研究中可能出现的问题题目6目录、文摘和索引属于下列哪类文献？（）选择一项：A.三次文献B.零次文献C.一次文献D.原始文献E.二次文献题目7下列属于文献回顾目的的是（）选择一项或多项：A.启发和充实自己的研究思路和方法B.查看选题与已有研究是否重复C.了解课题的现状和动态D.解决所有的科研问题E.获得相关的理论依据题目8查阅文献的基本步骤包括（）选择一项或多项：A.明确检索目的B.选择文献检索工具C.确定检索途径和检索词D.根据线索获取原始文献E.以上顺序是正确的题目9研究问题的陈诉包括（）选择一项或多项：A.研究意义B.立题依据C.研究题目D.研究目的E.研究方法题目10通常一个和护理研究的研究目的有（）选择一项：A.多多益善nB.３～４个C.４～５个D.５～６个E.１～２个形成任务二题目1下列属于违反有益原则的做法是（）选择一项：A.优先对待社会地位较高的研究对象B.在研究对象不知情的情况下进行录音或录像C.采用强制、利诱等手段使研究对象参与研究D.剥夺对照组本该享有的措施E.不向研究对象讲明研究可能带来的风险题目2通常一个和护理研究的研究目的有（）选择一项：A.５～６个B.１～２个C.３～４个D.多多益善E.４～５个题目3某研究者预进行吸毒人员一次性注射器使用知识的调查研究，较适宜的抽样方法为（）选择一项：A.目的抽样B.配额抽样C.系统抽样D.网络抽样E.方便抽样题目4关于选择样本的注意事项，描述正确的是（）选择一项或多项：A.样本量越大越好B.严格规定总体的条件C.根据课题内容确定样本量D.严格遵循入选标准E.按随机原则选取样本题目5设对照组的目的是（）选择一项：A.确保研究的公正原则B.排除干扰因素的影响C.增加样本的代表性D.增减研究对象入选的机会E.保证足够的样本量题目6下列抽样方法是概率抽样的是（）选择一项或多项：A.单纯随机抽样B.整群抽样nC.配额抽样D.分层抽样E.系统抽样题目7现象学研究法常用的抽样方法是（）选择一项：A.配额抽样B.随机抽样C.方便抽样D.理论抽样E.目的抽样题目8扎根理论研究法的主要目的是（）选择一项：A.探讨变量之间的因果关系B.发现对某个现象的理论解释C.描述人们的亲身的经历，捕捉真实体验D.描述变量之间的相关性E.评价某种干预措施的效果题目9关于质性研究，描述的正确的是（）选择一项或多项：A.资料与分析同步进行B.不强调对变量进行严格控制C.收集资料时需要研究者的主观能动性的参与研究D.建立在诠释主义基础上E.不采用随机抽样的方法题目10扎根理论研究法的资料分析过程是（）选择一项：A.归类－编码－找出核心变量－饱和的过程B.编码－归类－找出核心变量－饱和的过程C.编码－归类－饱和的过程－找出核心变量D.找出核心变量－归类－编码－饱和的过程E.归类－编码－饱和的过程－找出核心变量题目1在护理研究中，关于预实验的目的，描述恰当的是？（）选择一项或多项：A.及早发现研究中可能出现的问题B.对研究中所用的问卷进行信效度测定C.为确立研究问题提供依据D.摸清和熟悉研究条件E.检查设计方案是否可行题目2关于选题注意事项，描述正确的是（　　）选择一项或多项：A.立足创新B.有实用价值C.具有可行性D.范围越大越有价值nE.选择自己熟悉的专业题目3科研设计的基本要素包括（）选择一项或多项：A.问题陈诉B.确定研究对象C.确认研究变量D.确定测评指标E.确定研究类型题目4某研究者从病案室查阅该院眼科近1年的病历，分析眼科患者眼底病有关的发生率，此种研究设计为（）选择一项：A.相关性研究B.队列研究C.前瞻性研究D.回顾性研究E.质性研究题目5某护士随机将100名高血压患者分为2组，对照组常规护理，实验组常规护理加家庭干预。3个月后，评定两组患者的血压水平，该研究设计的类型为（）选择一项：A.相关性研究B.随访研究C.质性研究D.实验研究E.队列研究题目6在“同伴教育对糖尿病患者服药依从性的影响”研究中，“同伴教育”是（）选择一项：A.外变量B.控制变量C.因变量D.干扰变量E.自变量题目7扎根理论研究法常用的资料收集方法是（）选择一项或多项：A.查询历史资料B.参与观察的方法C.生物医学测量法D.访谈法E.查询档案资料题目8在扎根理论研究法中，以下符合核心变量的基本特征的是（）选择一项或多项：A.作为中心，可解释所有资料中的大多数变量B.在资料中高频出现C.可连接各种资料nD.包含最大量的变量E.随着它的细节化，可推动理论的形成题目9在质性研究中，样本量的确定取决于（）选择一项：A.变量的多少B.干预效果的有效性C.信息饱和D.容许误差的大小E.公式计算题目10现象学研究法常用的资料收集方法是（）选择一项：A.结构式观察法B.量表C.问卷调查法D.生物医学测量法E.访谈法题目1护理研究中的伦理原则包括（）选择一项或多项：A.尊重人的尊严B.公正原则C.优先原则D.知情同意E.有益原则题目2下列属于文献回顾目的的是（）选择一项或多项：A.了解课题的现状和动态B.查看选题与已有研究是否重复C.解决所有的科研问题D.启发和充实自己的研究思路和方法E.获得相关的理论依据题目3科研设计的基本要素包括（）选择一项或多项：A.确定研究类型B.问题陈诉C.确定测评指标D.确定研究对象E.确认研究变量题目4关于选择样本的注意事项，描述正确的是（）选择一项或多项：A.按随机原则选取样本B.样本量越大越好C.根据课题内容确定样本量D.严格规定总体的条件E.严格遵循入选标准n题目5某研究者从病案室查阅该院眼科近1年的病历，分析眼科患者眼底病有关的发生率，此种研究设计为（）选择一项：A.相关性研究B.回顾性研究C.质性研究D.队列研究E.前瞻性研究题目6下列抽样方法是非概率抽样的是（）选择一项或多项：A.方便抽样B.系统抽样C.网络抽样D.目的抽样E.配额抽样题目7扎根理论研究法的资料分析过程是（）选择一项：A.编码－归类－找出核心变量－饱和的过程B.归类－编码－找出核心变量－饱和的过程C.编码－归类－饱和的过程－找出核心变量D.找出核心变量－归类－编码－饱和的过程E.归类－编码－饱和的过程－找出核心变量题目8现象学研究法的主要目的是（）选择一项：A.评价某种干预措施的效果B.描述人们的亲身的经历，捕捉真实体验C.探讨变量之间的因果关系D.发现对某个现象的理论解释E.描述变量之间的相关性题目9在扎根理论研究法中，以下符合核心变量的基本特征的是（）选择一项或多项：A.随着它的细节化，可推动理论的形成B.在资料中高频出现C.作为中心，可解释所有资料中的大多数变量D.可连接各种资料E.包含最大量的变量题目10现象学研究法常用的抽样方法是（）选择一项：A.目的抽样B.方便抽样C.随机抽样D.配额抽样E.理论抽样形成任务三n题目1关于护理研究的特点，描述恰当的是（）选择一项或多项：A.测量指标具有不稳定性B.多数测量指标具有主观性C.研究对象具有复杂性D.大多数以人为研究对象E.研究中易涉及伦理问题题目2下列属于文献回顾目的的是（）选择一项或多项：A.了解课题的现状和动态B.启发和充实自己的研究思路和方法C.获得相关的理论依据D.解决所有的科研问题E.查看选题与已有研究是否重复题目3科研设计的基本要素包括（）选择一项或多项：A.确定研究对象B.确定测评指标C.确认研究变量D.确定研究类型E.问题陈诉题目4关于质性研究，描述的正确的是（）选择一项或多项：A.不采用随机抽样的方法B.资料与分析同步进行C.建立在诠释主义基础上D.收集资料时需要研究者的主观能动性的参与研究E.不强调对变量进行严格控制题目5Cronbach’a系数可用来反映研究工具信度的（）选择一项或多项：A.内在一致性B.稳定性C.等同性D.敏感性E.有效性题目6下面可用来反映信度的稳定性特征的指标是（）选择一项或多项：A.Cronbach’a系数B.KR-20值C.评定者间信度D.重测信度E.折半信度题目7关于观察法缺点的描述，错误的是（）n选择一项：A.不适用于精神病患者B.被观察者可能有意改变行为C.容易涉及伦理问题D.资料整理和分析难度大E.易受观察者主观因素的影响题目8一组变量值，其大小分别为10,15,11,6,13,24,23,9，其中位数是？（）选择一项：A.11B.14C.12D.13题目9以下哪项是常用的数据录入软件？（）选择一项：A.EpidataB.SASC.SPSSD.Word题目10护理科研资料可以分为哪些类型？（）选择一项或多项：A.文字资料B.计数资料C.计量资料D.等级资料题目1下列属于护理研究内容的是（）选择一项或多项：A.应用、验证护理理论的研究B.探讨社区慢性病人群的管理模式C.调查护理人员的工作满意度D.评价某种新药的治疗效果E.比较不同护理措施的效果题目2以下哪些属于常用的检索途径的是（）选择一项或多项：A.关键词途径B.主题途径C.题名途径D.作者途径E.分类途径题目3某护士随机将100名高血压患者分为2组，对照组常规护理，实验组常规护理加家庭干预。3个月后，评定两组患者的血压水平，该研究设计的类型为（）选择一项：A.相关性研究B.队列研究C.质性研究nD.随访研究E.实验研究题目4现象学研究法的资料分析途径是（）选择一项：A.编码→提炼类别和主题来完成→解释现象的实质和意义→分类B.分类→提炼类别和主题→解释现象的实质和意义→编码来完成C.编码→分类→提炼类别和主题→解释现象的实质和意义来完成D.编码→分类→解释现象的实质和意义→提炼类别和主题来完成E.编码→解释现象的实质和意义→分类→提炼类别和主题来完成题目5在设计问卷时，有关问卷内容排列顺序，描述正确的是（）选择一项或多项：A.先排列容易回答的问题B.相同性质的问题可集中在一起C.敏感性问题放在问卷的靠后位置D.相同内容的问题可集中在一起E.开放式问题放在问卷的开头部分题目6用来评价某一研究工具与标准测量工具所得结果之间一致程度的指标是（）选择一项：A.内容效度B.重测效度C.Cronbach’a系数D.结构效度E.效标关联效度题目7生物医学测量法的优点是（）选择一项：A.利于调查对象的配合B.可信度和科学性较高C.一般不涉及伦理问题D.省时、省力、省钱E.可获得较深入的信息题目8两样本均数假设检验的目的是判断（）选择一项：A.两样本均数的差别有多大B.两样本均数是否相等C.两总体均数是否相等D.两总体均数的差别有多大题目9用均数和标准差可全面描述下列哪种资料的分布特征?()选择一项：A.正态分布资料B.对数正态分布资料nC.正偏态资料D.负偏态资料题目10关于相对数，下列哪一个说法是错误的？（）选择一项：A.计算相对数时要求分母足够大B.相对数是两个有联系的指标之比C.常用相对数包括相对比、率和构成比D.率与构成比意义不同，但性质相近，可以互用题目1下列哪些是护理研究过程需要做的？（）选择一项或多项：A.资料收集、分析、撰写论文B.确立研究对象C.确立研究问题D.查阅文献E.科研设计题目2以下为全文数据库的是（）选择一项或多项：A.维普B.万方C.ＰｕｂＭｅｄD.ＰｒｏＱｕｅｓｔE.ＣＮＫＩ题目3某研究者从病案室查阅该院眼科近1年的病历，分析眼科患者眼底病有关的发生率，此种研究设计为（）选择一项：A.队列研究B.回顾性研究C.相关性研究D.质性研究E.前瞻性研究题目4扎根理论研究法的主要目的是（）选择一项：A.描述人们的亲身的经历，捕捉真实体验B.描述变量之间的相关性C.发现对某个现象的理论解释D.探讨变量之间的因果关系E.评价某种干预措施的效果题目5在调查问卷中，封闭式问题的缺点是（）选择一项或多项：A.不适于敏感性问题B.统计处理比较困难C.选项提供了猜答和随便选答的问题D.易致应答率低E.需花费较多的时间和精力题目6n下面可用来反映信度的稳定性特征的指标是（）选择一项或多项：A.评定者间信度B.重测信度C.折半信度D.Cronbach’a系数E.KR-20值题目7在应用生物医学测量法收集资料时，不恰当的做法是（）选择一项：A.规定结果的判定标准B.用不同型号的测量工具C.事先培训测量者D.规定测量的程序和方法E.控制测量现场的干扰因素题目8来自正态总体且方差齐性的多个样本均数比较时，通常选择的统计方法是（）选择一项：A.q检验B.t检验C.方差分析D.Z检验题目9根据某地7岁~12岁小学生的近视情况的调查资料，对患者的年龄分布进行统计描述，宜绘制哪种图形？（）选择一项：A.直方图B.线图C.直条图D.散点图题目10以下哪项是常用的数据分析软件？（）选择一项：A.EpiInfoB.SPSSC.WordD.PowerPoint形成任务四题目1下列属于违反有益原则的做法是（）选择一项：A.采用强制、利诱等手段使研究对象参与研究B.优先对待社会地位较高的研究对象C.剥夺对照组本该享有的措施D.在研究对象不知情的情况下进行录音或录像E.不向研究对象讲明研究可能带来的风险题目2研究问题的陈诉包括（）选择一项或多项：A.研究方法nB.立题依据C.研究意义D.研究题目E.研究目的题目3下列属于实验研究的设计的基本要素的是（）选择一项或多项：A.设立对照B.随机分组C.回顾性观察D.进行干预E.随机抽样题目4在扎根理论研究法中，以下符合核心变量的基本特征的是（）选择一项或多项：A.在资料中高频出现B.随着它的细节化，可推动理论的形成C.可连接各种资料D.作为中心，可解释所有资料中的大多数变量E.包含最大量的变量题目5用来评价某一研究工具与标准测量工具所得结果之间一致程度的指标是（）选择一项：A.重测效度B.内容效度C.结构效度D.效标关联效度E.Cronbach’a系数题目6下列关于假设检验的描述,正确的是（）选择一项：A.统计学得出差异有显著性的结论,并不一定专业上有意义B.假设检验的结果是确切无误的,因此不可能有错误出现C.t检验适用于各种类型的计量资料,不需要满足方差齐性等条件D.两样本均数比较,若P<0.01则可认为两者实际差别很大题目7关于科研论文结果部分的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.结果多时可分成小标题来写B.应针对记过作出自己的评论C.应列出准确的数据D.可采用统计表或统计图描述结果E.阴性结果也应客观地报告出来题目8有关科研论文文题的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.一般不加标点符号B.与论文内容要相符nC.尽可能使用简称D.要明确、具体E.不要超过20个汉字题目9在科研论文中，对象与方法部分不应包括的内容是（）选择一项：A.研究对象B.收集资料的方法C.干预措施D.立题依据E.测评指标题目10关于综述选题的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.有实用价值B.能找到足够的研究对象C.新颖性D.能找到足够数量的相关文献E.综述的主题尽可能具体题目1下列属于科研不端行为的是（）选择一项或多项：A.违反实验动物保护规范B.违反知情同意、保护隐私等规定C.捏造科研数据D.篡改科研数据E.引用他人科研成果题目2目录、文摘和索引属于下列哪类文献？（）选择一项：A.一次文献B.三次文献C.原始文献D.二次文献E.零次文献题目3某研究者预进行吸毒人员一次性注射器使用知识的调查研究，较适宜的抽样方法为（）选择一项：A.网络抽样B.目的抽样C.配额抽样D.系统抽样E.方便抽样题目4现象学研究法常用的抽样方法是（）选择一项：A.目的抽样B.配额抽样C.方便抽样D.随机抽样nE.理论抽样题目5观察法的优点是（）选择一项：A.省钱、省时、省力B.科学性和客观性较强C.能收集到较深入的资料D.便于对结果的统计分析E.一般不涉及伦理问题题目6测量6名健康男子，获得其血清总胆固醇（mmol/L）的资料是（）选择一项：A.计数资料B.以上都是C.计量资料D.等级资料题目7关于科研论文结果部分的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.可采用统计表或统计图描述结果B.应列出准确的数据C.结果多时可分成小标题来写D.阴性结果也应客观地报告出来E.应针对记过作出自己的评论题目8论文作者的署名顺序应取决于（）选择一项：A.对论文贡献的大小B.资历深浅C.职务高低D.年龄大小E.职称高低题目9在科研论文中，阐述立题依据和研究目的的部分是（）选择一项：A.摘要B.结果部分C.讨论部分D.对象与方法E.前言题目10有关科研论文文题的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.与论文内容要相符B.一般不加标点符号C.要明确、具体D.不要超过20个汉字E.尽可能使用简称题目1护理研究中的伦理原则包括（）n选择一项或多项：A.尊重人的尊严B.优先原则C.知情同意D.公正原则E.有益原则题目2关于选题注意事项，描述正确的是（　　）选择一项或多项：A.具有可行性B.立足创新C.范围越大越有价值D.有实用价值E.选择自己熟悉的专业题目3某护士随机将100名高血压患者分为2组，对照组常规护理，实验组常规护理加家庭干预。3个月后，评定两组患者的血压水平，该研究设计的类型为（）选择一项：A.相关性研究B.质性研究C.队列研究D.随访研究E.实验研究题目4现象学研究法的资料分析途径是（）选择一项：A.编码→解释现象的实质和意义→分类→提炼类别和主题来完成B.分类→提炼类别和主题→解释现象的实质和意义→编码来完成C.编码→分类→提炼类别和主题→解释现象的实质和意义来完成D.编码→提炼类别和主题来完成→解释现象的实质和意义→分类E.编码→分类→解释现象的实质和意义→提炼类别和主题来完成题目5关于观察法缺点的描述，错误的是（）选择一项：A.易受观察者主观因素的影响B.不适用于精神病患者C.资料整理和分析难度大D.被观察者可能有意改变行为E.容易涉及伦理问题题目6以下哪些指标最适宜用以对正态分布资料进行统计描述（）选择一项或多项：A.四分位数间距B.标准差C.均数D.中位数n题目7有关应用参考文献时的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.以近3-5年的文献为主B.按先后顺序排列文献的序号C.在引文的右上角标注文献序号D.尽量采用间接引用E.只著录公开发表的文献题目8在科研论文中，对象与方法部分不应包括的内容是（）选择一项：A.干预措施B.收集资料的方法C.立题依据D.测评指标E.研究对象题目9个案报告类论文的正文部分不包括（）选择一项：A.前言B.结果C.病例简介D.护理问题和措施E.讨论/小结题目10关于综述选题的注意事项，描述错误的是（）选择一项：A.综述的主题尽可能具体B.有实用价值C.新颖性D.能找到足够数量的相关文献E.能找到足够的研究对象