2019_2020高中英语unit3scienceversusnaturesectionⅳgrammar 11页

SectionⅣGrammar&WritingA卷单句语法填空1．AcaseofsuspectedfoodpoisoninginNewYorkhasledto6highschoolstudents____________(send)tohospital.答案：beingsent2．____________(judge)bytheaccent，themanmustcomefromthesouth.答案：Judging3．Therarefish，____________(save)fromthecookingpot，hasbeenreturnedtothesea.答案：saved4．WhenIcamebackfromshopping，IfoundmyiPhone____________(steal)．答案：stolen5．Themovieoriginally____________(intend)forchildrenunder12isnowbeingusedtoeducateadults.　答案：intended6．____________(discuss)manytimes，theproblemsweresettledatlast.答案：Discussed7．____________(remind)nottodriveafterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck，whichisreallydangerous.答案：Reminded8．LastSunday，thousandsoftravelersremained____________(stick)insidethemountainsinTibetduetotheworstsnowstorminyears.答案：stuck9．Thebigfireblockedthestairs，leavingdozensofpeople____________(trap)onthetopofthebuilding.答案：trapped10．____________(accustom)toclimbingthesteepmountain，hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.答案：Accustomed阅读理解nManyautomobilemakerspresenttheirnewestdesignsatcarshowsaroundtheworld.Manydesignersseektocreatethecarofthefuture.Onedevicethatispopularamongcarmanufacturers(生产商)isanautopilot.Autopilotpermitsacartodriveitselfwithouthumancontrol.ArecentcarshowinGeneva，Switzerlandalsopresentedotherpossibledesigns，includingcarsmanufacturedin3Dprinters.RinspeedisaSwissdesigncompany.ItshowedavehiclebasedontheUSelectriccarTeslaModelS,buttheRinspeedcarincludesalargetelevisionandanespressocoffeemaker.FrankRinderknechtistheCEOofRinspeed.Hesayshedoesnotwanttojustsitandwatchthesteeringwheel(方向盘)turnasheridesinacarwithautopilot.“Iwanttoride,Iwanttosleep,relax,watchmovies,news,anythingelse.Sothat’sthevisionwhichwehave.Thatonedayontheboringmotorwaytraffic，youjustdoanythingwhichmakesyourlifebetter，”saidRinderknecht.Oneofthemostinterestingideaspresentedattheshowisacarbuiltona3Dprinter.TheGermanengineeringfirmEDAGdesignedthecar.Thebodyofthevehiclecalled“Genesis”isprintedinonepiecefromamaterialcalledthermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．ChristophHorvathisaspokesmanforEDAG.“Tocreateacarwithouttheuseofanytool.Thiswouldbearealrevolutionfortheindustry，”saidHorvath.EDAGsaysitbaseditsdesignonaturtleshell.Thecompanysaysthedesignprovidestherightamountofstrengthandfirmness.Otherautomakersdidnotlooksofarintothefuture.CzechautomakerSkodapresentedits“VisionC”modelvehicle.Thecarhasanenvironmentallyfriendlynaturalgasengine.JoDavidsonisacompanyspokeswoman.ShesaysthecarreleasesverylowlevelsofthepollutantgasCO2.MsDavidsonsaysthe“VisionC”planstobelaunchedintwoyears.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦车展展示出的未来汽车的几种设计。1．Whyisanautopilotpopularamongcarmanufacturers?A．Becauseitcangetacartodriveitself.B．Becauseitcanmakeacarmoremodern.nC．Becauseitmayletacarflyintheskyfreely.D．Becauseithasacarmovinginaparticulardirection.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Onedevicethatispopularamongcarmanufacturers(生产商)isanautopilot.Autopilotpermitsacartodriveitselfwithouthumancontrol.”可知答案。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthevehiclecalled“Genesis”？A．ItisdesignedbytheAmericanengineeringfirm.B．Thebodyofthevehicleisbuiltona3Dprinter.C．FrankRinderknechtisthedesignerofthecar.D．Thecarwasmainlymadefromtheturtleshell.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“...acarbuiltona3Dprinter.”以及“Thebodyofthevehiclecalled‘Genesis’isprintedinonepiecefromamaterialcalledthermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．”可知答案。3．Whatisthecommonfeatureofthecars?A．Theyareallmadefromthermoplastic.B．Theyallbelongtothecarsofthefuture.C．Allthedesignsarebasedonaturtleshell.D．Theyallhaveenvironmentallyfriendlynaturalgasengine.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Manydesignersseektocreatethecarofthefuture.”以及下文的介绍，特别是多次出现的单词design都可以推知，这些汽车都是未来的汽车设想。故选B。4．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A．Inaneconomicreport.B．Inashortstory.C．Inatravelmagazine.D．Inatechnologyreport.D　解析：文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了未来汽车的几种设计，故应出自技术方面的报告。故选D。完形填空Moststressisinternal(内在的),causedbythewayinwhichwerelatetotheworldandeventsandpeoplearoundourselves.Stressis__1__whenthereisadisconnectionbetweenour__2__andourreality.Whenrealityfallsshortofanexpectation,it__3__disappointmentandthatcausesstress.Forexample,letussayyoudroveyourcartoworktoday，yourcarwas__4__innthenearbyparkinglot,andyouwouldleave__5__todayat5:00p．m.Youprobablyhadanexpectationthatyourcarwouldberightwhereyou__6__itwhenyougottotheparkinglotthisafternoon.Well,whatifyouwereto__7__at5:00p．m.thatyourcarhad__8__？Iwouldimaginemostofuswouldfeelsome__9__ifourcarhadbeenstolen!But,whatifyoureturnedtotheparkinglotthisafternoonandyourcarwas__10__whereyouleftitthismorning?Youwouldinsert(插入)thekeyanddriveaway.Wouldyou__11__stressoverfindingyourcarwhereyouleftit?No.Becausewhenexpectationandreality__12__，youdon’tfeelstress.__13__mostofuswillexperiencethoselarger__14__inlife,theyaretypicallyfewsothatourbodieshavea__15__tocope(应对)andrecover.Rather,itisallthelittledisappointmentsthatwillreallybuildupourstress.The__16__？Bringyourrealitiesuptoyourexpectations.How?Through__17__dailyplanning.Makesurethatyouplantodothelittlethingsyouwantandexpecttobedone__18__allthethingsyou“haveto”doduringtheday.Buildadailyactionlistthat__19__boththe“haveto’s”andthe“wantto’s”．Prioritize(排序)thislistandhandlethemintheorderoftheir__20__toyou.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。当期望与现实脱节时，人们就会感到压力。有效的日常计划可以帮助减轻压力。1．A.reducedB．managedC．causedD．placedC　解析：由上文...causedbytheway...可知，此处是说什么情况下会“导致(caused)”压力。2．A.dreamsB．expectationsC．factsD．plansB　解析：由下文中的Whenrealityfallsshortofanexpectation...causesstress.可知，当我们的“期望(expectations)”与现实脱节时就会导致压力。3．A.createsB．showsC．followsD．avoidsA　解析：当现实没能达到期望时，就会“产生(creates)”失望，从而导致压力。4．A.repairedB．parkedC．producedD．washedB　解析：由下文中的parkinglot可知，你把车“停(parked)”在附近的停车场。5．A.homeB．schoolnC．classD．workD　解析：由上文中的youdroveyourcartowork可知，此处指下午五点“下班(leavework)”。6．A.gotB．passedC．leftD．missedC　解析：早上上班把车停放在停车场，那下午下班自然是期望你的车就在你“停放(left)”的地方。7．A.discoverB．predictC．imagineD．admitA　解析：由上下文可知，此处是说“如果你下午5点发现(discover)……怎么办”。8．A.startedB．disappearedC．stoppedD．closedB　解析：由下文中的ourcarhadbeenstolen可知，如果你发现你的车“不见了(disappeared)”呢？9．A.stressB．frightC．painD．calmnessA　解析：发现车被偷，我们中的大多数人会感到“压力(stress)”。10．A.especiallyB．probablyC．exactlyD．simplyC　解析：由上文中的rightwhereyou...it可知，你的车“正好(exactly)”就在你早上停放的地方。11．A.realizeB．faceC．recognizeD．experienceD　解析：由下文的feelstress可知，此处表达的意思与其一致，所以用“experiencestress”，表示“感到压力”。12．A.addupB．matchupC．showupD．mixupB　解析：由下文中的youdon’tfeelstress可知，期望与现实“相吻合(matchup)”。13．A.UnlessB．SinceC．WhenD．WhileD　解析：由下文中的theyaretypicallyfew可知，前后句之间是让步关系，故用“尽管(While)”。14．A.changesB．challengesC．disappointmentsD．failuresnC　解析：尽管我们大多数人在生活中会经历那些较大的“失望(disappointments)”……15．A.rightB．wishC．systemD．chanceD　解析：但是这样的失望通常很少，所以我们的身体有“机会(chance)”应对和恢复。16．A.resultB．processC．goalD．solutionD　解析：由上下文语境可知，此处指“解决办法(solution)”。17．A.effectiveB．casualC．newD．immediateA　解析：“有效的(effective)”日常计划可以使得现实与期望达成一致。18．A.asforB．incaseofC．insteadofD．inadditiontoD　解析：由下文中的boththe“haveto’s”andthe“wantto’s”可知，“除了(inadditionto)”你需要做的事情，保证做一些你想做的事情。19．A.separatesB．introducesC．includesD．contributesC　解析：此处承接上一句，作者建议列一个每日行动单，“包括(includes)”你需要做的事情和你想做的事情。20．A.necessityB．importanceC．timeD．sizeB　解析：由上文中的Prioritize可知，按照“重要性(importance)”的先后顺序来处理这些事情。B卷阅读理解AAccordingtotheGreekbranchofWWF，thebrownbearisindangerinourcountry.Itspopulationisabout100－150bears.WefinditinCentralandNorthernPindosandalsoinWesternRodopi.Anotherspeciesindanger,notonlyinGreecebutalsoalloverEurope，isthelynx(山猫)，thebiggestEuropeanfeline.VeryfewlynxeslivenowinGreecebecauseofthehuntingfortheirfurandbecauseofthedamagetheycauseinstockbreeding(畜牧业)．WefindtheminthemountainrangeofPindosandinforestsintheNorthernbordersofourcountry.TheMediterraneansealisthemostthreatenedmammalinEurope.IthasdisappearednfromtheEuropeancoastsoftheMediterraneanSeaandthat’swhyGreeceisveryimportantforitsprotection.Themainreasonsforitsdisappearancearethedamageofitslivingareas，thekillingbyfishermenbecauseofthedamagesitdoestotheirnets，thelackoffoodandthepollutionofthesea.AnimalindangerinEuropeisalsothewolf.GreeceisoneoftheEuropeancountrieswherethewolfseemstobefoundinasatisfyingamount.Butstill，theyarenotmorethan500.Thewolflivesinalmostthewholemainland,exceptPeloponnisosfromwhereitwasdisappearedduringthe40’sdecade.It_also_lives_in_the_mountains_of_Sterea_Hellas,_but_there_isn’t_a_permanent_population_there.Thedeer,thebiggestvegetariananimalinGreece，isunderanimmediatedanger.Becauseoftheexaggerated(过大的)huntingitspopulationsareminimisedandtodaythereareveryfewleftonlyinthepeninsula(半岛)ofSithonia,themountainrangeofRodopiandParnassos.1．Wheredoesthebrownbearliveaccordingtothepassage?A．StereaHellas.B．Sithonia.C．EasternRodopi.D．Pindos.D　解析：由第一段最后一句可知，大棕熊的栖息地在NorthernPindos和WesternRodopi。2．WhichisthebiggestvegetariananimalinGreece?A．Thebrownbear.B．TheMediterraneanseal.C．Thewolf.D．Thedeer.D　解析：由文章最后一段第一句可知，希腊最大的食草动物是鹿。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonfortheMediterraneanseal’sdisappearance?A．Thelivinghabits.B．Thedamageofitslivingareas.C．Thekillingbythefishermen.D．Thelackoffoodandthepollutionofthesea.A　解析：由第三段第三句可知，地中海海豹消失的主要原因有生存地的破坏，渔民的猎杀以及食物短缺和海水污染。4．Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraph?A．InStereaHellastherearestillmanywolveslivingthere.nB．WolvesonlyvisitStereaHellasattimes.C．InStereaHellaspeoplestillhuntwolvesforfurs.D．InStereaHellaswolvesliveagoodlife.B　解析：由画线句子可知，这些狼只是不时地去那里居住，斯特瑞亚哈拉斯地区的山脉并不是它们永久的居住地。BCanyoubelieveeverythingthatyouread?Itseemsasifeveryday，somenewarticlescomeoutaboutanewdiscoveryorthisorthat.Forexample，waterisbadforyou，orgoodforyou.Theanswerdependsonwhichscientificstudyhasjustcomeout.Peopleseemtonotbeabletodecidewhichfooditemsarehealthy，howthepyramidswereconstructed，andwhythedinosaursdisappeared.Whenwelookforanswerswecanfindfindingsfromvariousresearchersandscientists.Buthowtrustworthyaretheyreally?Asfarbackas1726，JohannBeringerwasfooledbyhisfellowscientistsintothinkinghehadmadeanamazingdiscovery.Thefossils(化石)ofspiders，lizards，andevenbirdswiththenameofGodwrittenontheminHebrewwereunlikeanythingthathadbeenfoundbefore.Hewroteseveralpapersonthemandwasfamousfortheseonlytohaveitrevealedthattheywereplantedbyjealouscolleaguestoruinhisreputation.WhenanearlyhumanbeingcalledPiltdownmanwasdiscoveredin1912，scientistsatthattimewerewildwithexcitementoverthemeaningithadforthetheoryofevolution.TherewerehundredsofpaperswrittenaboutthisPiltdownmanoverthenextfiftyyearsuntilitwasfinallydiscoveredtobeacomplexhoax(骗局)．Theskullofamanhadbeenmixedwiththejawboneofanorangutan(猩猩)tomaketheboneofthePiltdownman.Thenexttimeyoureadtheexcitingnewfindingsofastudyofthebestscientist，donotautomaticallyassumethatitistrue.Evenqualifiedpeoplecangetitwrong，eitheronpurposeornot.Whilewecertainlyshouldnotignorescientificresearch，wedoneedtotakeitwithagrainofsalt.Justthatitisacceptedasthetruthtodaydoesnotmeanitwillstillbetrustworthytomorrow.【解题导语】　人们由于对许多东西不了解，所以依赖科学家。然而并非所有的科学研究成果都是真实可信的。5．WhatCANNOTwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Mostpeopledonottotallybelieveinscientists’theoryasbefore.nB．Scientistsstilldon’treachanagreementonhowthepyramidswerebuilt.C．Differentscientistshavedifferentopinionsonthesamequestion.D．Therearesomenewdiscoveriesbeingmadepublicalmosteveryday.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Itseemsasifeveryday，somenewarticlescomeoutaboutanewdiscoveryorthisorthat.可知D正确；根据第五、六句可知B、C正确，故答案选A。6．TheexcitedscientistsatfirstthoughtthatthePiltdownman________．A．wasinfactacomplexhoaxB．wasagreatscientificinventionC．wouldcontributetothetheoryofevolutionD．wouldhelppeoplelearnaboutorangutansC　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的...scientistsatthattimewerewildwithexcitementoverthemeaningithadforthetheoryofevolution.可知C为正确答案。7．Theauthormayagreewiththeideathat________．A．scientificresearchisimportantalthoughtheremaybewrongfindingsB．methodsofscientificresearchshoulddevelopwithtimeC．truthsofsciencewillneverbeoutoftimeD．onlyfamousscientistsaretrustworthyA　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Whilewecertainlyshouldnotignorescientificresearch，wedoneedtotakeitwithagrainofsalt.可知A项正确。CDoyouknowwhattodoifyouseeabirdwithabrokenwinginyourbackyard,orahurtraccoon(浣熊)bythesideoftheroad？Useyourphone!It’sneveragoodideatotouchawildanimalortotrytohelponewithoutprofessionalguidance.Theanimalmightbedangeroustoyou，andyoucouldcausefurtherinjurywithoutmeaningto.That’swhythewildliferescueorganizationAnimalWatchhascreatedanewmobileapp.Theapphelpsusersfindtherightsolutionsforanimalsthatneedurgent(紧急的)care.AnimalHelpNowusesyourphone’sGPStofindwheretheanimalislocated.Thentheappasksquestionsabouttheanimal：Isitwildorraisedbyhumans？Isitapetorafarmanimal？Couldtheanimalputhumansindanger?Basedonthelocation,thetimeofday,thetypeofanimal,andtheinjury,AnimalHelpNowwillsuggestacareproviderthat’srightforyoursituation.Forwildanimals,ntheappmightsuggestanearbyrescuefacilitythatspecializesinwoundedwildlife.Oritmightpointyoutoregisteredcaretakerswhonurseanimalsthathavebeenhurtinthewildbacktohealth.Forpetsorfarmanimals,theappliststhenearestveterinarians(兽医)whocareforthetypeofanimalthathasbeeninjured.“Theappisdesignedtoworkevenwhenyoudon’thavecellorInternetaccess,”AnimalWatchdirectorDaveCrawfordtellsNationalPublicRadio.“Sowhetheryou’redrivingthrougharemoteareaontheeasternColoradoplains,hikingatrailinRockyMountainNationalPark,orsimplypassingthroughadeadzoneonyourwaytowork,you’llstillbeabletoimmediatelyfindthehelpyouneed.”Fornow,AnimalHelpNowworksonlyinColorado,whereAnimalWatchisbased.Buttheorganizationhopestoincludeinformationforusersacrossthecountry.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了AnimalWatch组织开发的一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。8．Ifyouhelpinjuredanimalsbyyourself,youmay________．A．becomeadangertothemB．domoreharmtothemC．makethembecomewilderD．leavetheminadangeroussituationB　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，假如你自己独自帮助那些受伤的动物的话，你可能无意中对其造成更大的伤害。故选B。9．ItcanbeinferredthatAnimalHelpNowis________．A．anorganizationB．awebsiteC．amobileappD．acompanyC　解析：推理判断题。结合第四段以及第五段的前两句可知，这是一款手机应用软件(app)。10．AccordingtoDave,theapp________．A．canworkanywhereinColoradoB．stopsworkingonyourwaybackC．includesinformationacrossthecountryD．needstohaveaccesstotheInternetA　解析：细节理解题。结合最后两段可知，这个应用软件只要在科罗拉多就能使用。11．Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________．A．HelpingtheInjuredAnimalsinTimeB．SavingAnimalswithYourPhonenC．ProvidingCareforWildAnimalsD．MakingaCalltoHelpAnimalsB　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了AnimalWatch组织开发了一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。故B项作本文标题最佳。书面表达假设你是李华，正在英国伦敦某高中学习，你得知校学生会正在组织一次外国学生伦敦一日游活动，你有意参加。请你发一封电子邮件咨询下列问题：1．时间；2．主要景点；3．准备工作。注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearChairman，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear_Chairman，HavinglearnedthatyouareplanningtoorganizeaonedaytriparoundLondonforforeignstudents,Iexpecttojoinintheactivity.ThankyouforgivingustheopportunitytoenjoythebeautyofLondon.ButIhavesomethingmoretoconsultyou.Firstofall,wouldyoupleasetellmewhenwewillstartandreturn?OnlybyknowingtheexacttimecanImakeadecisionaboutwhetherIcanjoininit.Inaddition,Iwonderwhattouristattractionswewillvisit.IhopetheLondonEyeandtheBritishMuseumareonthelist.WereIhonoredtobegiventhechance,whatshouldIprepare?I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua