2019年高中英语unit1greatscientists单元加餐练（一_二）（含解析）新人教版必修5 7页

加餐练(一)　完形阅读组合练Ⅰ.完形填空In1896,17yearoldEinsteinwenttoZurichtostudyphysics.TherehemetMarits,agirlfromHungary.Theystudiedinthesameclassandthesameinterestinphysicsbroughtthetwotogetherandtheybecamegood__1__.Beforelong,they__2__inlovewitheachother.In1903,whenEinsteinwas24,he__3__Marits,whowasfouryearsolderthanhe.__4__theirmarriage,Einstein__5__himselftotheresearchofthegreattheoryofrelativity(相对论).__6__herhusbandmorehelp,Maritsgave__7__herownwork,andbecameagoodwifeand__8__.Shetriedherbesttoencouragehim__9__possible.Shewassurethatherhusband__10__succeed.Theyoftendiscussedthetheorywhile__11__outsideorsittingtogetherintheroom.They__12__didthatintheirletterswhenoneofthemwas__13__fromhome.In1914,theEinsteinsmovedtoBerlinand__14__downthere.Atthattime,Einstein’stheory__15__tobecorrectandhebecame__16__allovertheworld.Maritswasvery__17__herhusbandwithhissuccess.Butitwasnotlong__18__theFirstWorldWar__19__.Maritsaswellashertwosons,whowere__20__holidayinSwitzerland,couldn’tcomebacktoBerlinanylonger.ThewarnotonlystoppedEinstein’sworkbutalsobrokeupthewarm,happyfamily.In1919,EinsteinandMaritshadtogetdivorced(离婚)．语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了爱因斯坦和妻子从相识到相爱最后分手的故事。1．A.pairs　　　　　　　　　B．couplesC．friendsD．classmates解析：选C　由空前句意“……对于物理方面同样的兴趣使得他们两个人走到一起”以及下文“不久，他们相爱了”可知，他们成为了好朋友。2．A.gotB．fellC．becameD．turned解析：选B　fallinlovewithsb.的意思是“爱上某人”，其他三个动词不与inlovewith连用。3．A.marryingB．marriesC．marriedD．marriedwith解析：选C　表示“和某人结婚”，应用marrysb.，marry后不加介词with，排除D项；由空前的时间状语从句可知，此处应是主句的谓语动词，排除A项。又因本文的时态是过去时，排除B项。故选C。4．A.SinceB．FornC．WithD．After解析：选D　aftertheirmarriage意为“他们结婚以后”。5．A.gaveB．offeredC．forcedD．devoted解析：选D　devoteoneselftosth.的意思是“投身于某事”。give,offer和force都不与oneselftosth.搭配。6．A.GivingB．TogiveC．GivenD．Tohavegiven解析：选B　由下文可知，为了给丈夫更多的帮助，玛丽兹做出了下面的决定。此处为动词不定式作目的状语且只需要用动词不定式的一般式。7．A.offB．outC．upD．in解析：选C　为了给丈夫提供更多的帮助，玛丽兹“放弃”了自己的工作。giveup“放弃”，符合句意。giveoff“发出(光和热等)”；giveout“发出；分发”；givein“屈服”。8．A.cookB．motherC．friendD．assistant解析：选D　由上下文可知此处指玛丽兹是爱因斯坦的妻子和助手(assistant)，其他几个选项不符合要求。9．A.whateverB．wheneverC．howeverD．wherever解析：选B　句意：不管什么时候只要有可能，玛丽兹都尽力去鼓励他。10．A.mustB．mightC．shouldD．would解析：选D　玛丽兹相信自己的丈夫将来“会(would)”成功，而不是“必须(must)”“可能(might)”或“应该(should)”成功。11．A.walkedB．walkingC．wentD．coming解析：选B　当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可一起省略。本句省略theywere，因此选择walking。12．A.evenB．neverC．seldomD．sometime解析：选A　由上文可知他们总是一起讨论问题，此处用even表示程度进一步加深，即“他们甚至在信中也讨论问题”。13．A.beyondB．offnC．outD．away解析：选D　由上文(intheirletters)可知此处是在说他们其中的一个不在家的时候。词组beawayfromhome意思是“不在家”。14．A.putB．settledC．livedD．sat解析：选B　settledown意为“定居”。而putdown意为“放下”，sitdown意为“坐下”，均与句意不符，排除A、D两项；live一般不与down连用。15．A.seemedB．appearedC．provedD．looked解析：选C　seem意为“好像”；appear意为“好像；出现”；prove意为“后来被发现是；最终显现为”；look意为“看；看起来”。根据短文的意思可知，爱因斯坦的理论最终证明是正确的。16．A.happyB．pleasedC．satisfiedD．famous解析：选D　happy意为“幸福的；快乐的”；pleased意为“高兴的”；satisfied意为“满意的”；famous意为“著名的”。此处指爱因斯坦在当时享誉全世界。17．A.proudofB．praisedforC．pleasedwithD．worriedabout解析：选A　beproudof意为“为……而骄傲或自豪”；bepraisedfor意为“为……受到称赞”；bepleasedwith意为“对……感到满意”；beworriedabout意为“对……担忧”。由上下文来看，玛丽兹是为丈夫的成功感到自豪。18．A.whenB．beforeC．sinceD．as解析：选B　句式Itisnotlongbefore...意为“不久就……”。19．A.appearedB．tookplaceC．occurredD．brokeout解析：选D　appear意为“出现”；takeplace意为“发生”，用来指有计划地发生；occur意为“出现”；breakout意为“发生；爆发”，多用来指战争、火灾等。此处指第一次世界大战的爆发，因此选择D项。20．A.inB．atC．onD．for解析：选C　beonholiday意为“在度假”，表示度假的状态。Ⅱ.阅读理解PeterHuszczoncetaughtinanagriculturalcollege.Inthe1990s,hemovedtonCanada.PeterstartedoutwashingdishesinarestaurantindowntownOttawa.Whenthemanageraskedhimtohelpoutrollingmeatballsinthekitchen,hesoonlearnedhowtodothejobverywell.ButitwasboringandPetersuggestedthatthemanagershouldbuyameatballmakingmachine.Whenthemanagertoldhimtherewasnosuchthingasameatballmaker,Peterwasquicktonoticethatsomethingwasmissinginthemarket.Puttinghisengineeringknowledgetogooduse,hequicklycameupwithasimplemethod—theMagicMeatballMaker.Hewassuretherewasamarketforhismachine,butittookhimtenyearsofhardworktofindit.Hehadtotakerisks,buthebelievedinhisidea,andhemanagedtopersuadeotherpeopletobelieveinhimtoo.Alocalmanufacturer(制造商)offeredtoproducethefirst1,000unitsinreturnforashareintheprofits(收益),localshopsofferedtokeephismeatballmakersandafriend’sdaughterhelpedhimoutwithhisfirstsales.ButhisluckybreakcamewhenhemanagedtopersuadeaTVshoppingchannel(频道)tohelpselltheMagicMeatballMaker.Thechannelbroadcastaprogramabouthowtheinventionworkedinthestudiokitchen.Withinminutes,theyhadsoldmorethan4,000units.Thiswasjustthestart.Peterhadbeenright.Hehadsaidhismeatballmakerwouldbringhimgreatwealth,andithas:morethantwomilliondollarssofarandit’stillsellingtothousandsofAmericanhousewivesallacrosstheUSA.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要向我们介绍了肉丸机的发明者——PeterHuszcz。1．Workingintherestaurant,Peter________.A．waschosentobethemanagerB．foundachancetomakemoneyC．brokeameatballmakingmachineD．waspooratmakingmeatballsbyhand解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Whenthemanagertoldhim...somethingwasmissinginthemarket”可知，Peter看到了赚钱的机会，故选B项。2．WhichofthefollowinghelpedPeter’sbusinesstakeoff?A．Alocalshop.B．Afriend’sdaughter.C．Alocalmanufacturer.D．ATVshoppingchannel.n解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，Peter成功说服一家电视购物频道为其推销肉丸机，随后便开始大卖，故选D项。3．What’stherightordertodescribePeter’slife?A．Teacher→dishwasher→inventor→businessman.B．Dishwasher→teacher→inventor→businessman.C．Businessman→dishwasher→inventor→teacher.D．Inventor→businessman→dishwasher→teacher.解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段中的“PeterHuszczoncetaughtinanagriculturalcollege.”可知，他曾当过老师；由“Inthe1990s...Peterstartedoutwashingdishesinarestaurant”可知，他之后做过洗碗工；由“Puttinghisengineeringknowledge...theMagicMeatballMaker”可知，随后他成了一位发明家；由第二、三、四段内容可知，他为了推销肉丸机付出了很大的辛苦，所以他还是一名商人。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Betterlatethannever.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D．Intimeofdanger,one’smindworksfast.解析：选C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Hewassuretherewasamarketforhismachine...tobelieveinhimtoo”和最后一段内容可知，PeterHuszcz坚信自己的肉丸机会受欢迎，为了推销其产品，他付出了艰辛的努力并最终取得成功，故选C项。加餐练(二)　主观题规范增分练Ⅰ.语法填空Mostvolunteersspendacoupleofhourseachweekin__1__(volunteer)atoneofthelocalcommunitycenters.Hereiswhyvolunteeringisimportant.NewexperienceandinsightVolunteeringisonewaythrough__2__peopleincludingstudentscandevelopacademic,technicalandsocialskillsthatotherwisecouldnot__3__(learn)inaclassroomenvironment.Mostofusfeelthatwelacktimebecauseofthecareerorstudieswearepursuing.However,__4__isimportanttotakesometimeofffromourbusyscheduleandvolunteerforsomethinginourcommunity,whichwillhelpusgainexperienceandinsightintovariousissues.HelpingothersTherearemillionsofpeopleintheworldwhoselivesare__5__(hard)thanours.Humansareasocialanimalandoneof__6__bestwaysformankindtoadvanceisbyhelpingthosewhoare__7__(able)tohelpthemselves.Wehavearesponsibilitytoncareforpeople__8__need,andhelpthosewhoarelessfortunatethanourselves.Havingsomesparecash,timeorgoodsisanopportunity__9__(help)othersout.Asenseof__10__(satisfy)Volunteeringisalsooneofthethingsyoucandotohelpyoufeelgoodandbuildupyourselfconfidence.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了做志愿者工作的好处。1．volunteering　spend...(in)doingsth.意为“花费……做某事”。2．which　way后是一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句。设空处指代way，故填which。3．belearned　that(指代academic,technicalandsocialskills)与learn之间是被动关系，且设空处位于情态动词could之后，故填belearned。4．it　设空处是形式主语，真正的主语是totakesometime...inourcommunity，故填it。5．harder　由than可知，应用比较级，故填harder。6．the　最高级best前应用定冠词the。7．unable　设空处作表语，且由语境可知，设空处表示“不能的”，故填unable。8．in　inneed意为“在困难中”。9．tohelp　opportunity后跟带to的不定式作定语，故填tohelp。10．satisfaction　asenseofsatisfaction意为“一种满足感”。Ⅱ.短文改错YesterdayIwaswatchingtelevisionathomewhileIsuddenlyrememberedthatitwasmyfather’sbirthdaythenextday.Iputmycoatonme,andranoutsideinthehurrytocatchabus.Iwentintoamusicshop,andIcouldn’trememberwhichCDhisdadwanted,soIdidn’tbuysomething.AfterthatIdecidedgotothebookshop.Iwasn’tsurewhattogetandIstayedthereforagestrytochooseabook.BytheendIboughthimabookaboutracingcars.Finally,Iwenthomeandtellmymumaboutthepresent.Shelookedatmestrangeforsometime,andthensaid,“Butyourfather’sbirthdayisnextmonth！”答案：第一句：while→when第二句：去掉me;the→a第三句：his→my;something→anything第四句：go前加to第五句：try→trying第六句：By→Inn第七句：tell→told第八句：strange→strangelyⅢ.书面表达某英文报People栏目正面向中学生征稿。请你根据所给提示，写一篇英语短文并投稿。人物张衡(公元78年－139年)，我国伟大的天文学家、发明家主要成就发明了地动仪，为科学和人类社会的进步作出了巨大的贡献优秀品质善于思考、坚持不懈注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：astronomer天文学家；seismograph地动仪参考范文：ZhangHeng,agreatastronomerandinventor,livedfromAD78to139.Duringhislife,hemademanyimportantdiscoveries,includingthefamousseismograph.Hemadegreatcontributionstotheprogressofscienceandhumansociety.ZhangHengwasinterestedineverythingaroundhimandlovedtothink.Itwasnotalwayseasytomakeotherpeoplebelievenewtheories.WhenZhangHengfirstintroducedhisseismograph,peoplelaughedathim.However,hedidn’tgiveup.Instead,hewentontomakenewdiscoveries.Hebelievedinwhathedidevenwhenothersdidnot.Thisiswhatweshouldlearnfromhim.