专家英语中考写作讲座ppt培训课件 76页

初中学生英语写作能力的培养施志红2012.12.\n初中学生英语写作能力的培养是初中英语教学的重要任务之一，也是难点之一。\n写作是通过书面形式交流传递信息、表达思想观点的重要方式。\n良好的英语写作能力需要有扎实的语言基础知识的支撑，和听、说以及阅读能力息息相关，也需要观察、想象、分析、归纳等逻辑思维的能力。\n主要讲六个问题一、明确教学目标二、把握变化走向三、了解评分标准四、避免常见问题五、培养写作能力六、谨记注意事项\n一、明确教学目标\n《上海市中小学英语课程标准》三/四级指标（基本要求/较高要求）1．能在10分钟之内听写100个左右单词的语言材料，正确率不低于80%/90%。２．能填写简单的表格，能书写简短的信件等。３．能根据要求写不少于60/80个词的短文，意思连贯，语言基本正确。\n《上海市初中英语教学基本要求》（考纲）１．能熟练地书写，笔顺、大小写、标点符号和格式等正确、规范。卷面整洁。２．能在10分钟内听写100个左右单词的语言材料，正确率不低于70％。３．能对人物、事件、物件和场所等作简单的描述和议论。内容贴切，意思连贯，语言基本正确，不少于60个词。4．能填写简单的表格，能写简单的便条、信件和日记等。\n二、把握变化走向\n1995年起在本市中考英语试卷中第一次出现“写话”这一题型分值：从开始的8分逐年提高：05年10分，06年14分，07、08年16分，09-11年18分,12年20分提示：从词语、图片到句型、问题及情景篇幅：从至少写6个句子到至少写60个单词2006年写话第一次出现了“组织结构分”2007年全市统一阅卷2007年“写话”改为“写作”\n三、了解评分标准\n09-11年作文评分标准７＋8＋3(内容＋语言＋组织结构)\n12年作文评分标准8＋8＋4(内容＋语言＋组织结构)\n内容是否紧扣主题是否涉及到所要求的几个方面\n语言大小写、标点符号、单词拼写、词法、句法是否正确字数是否达标\n组织结构分内容充实，不写废话；上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用恰当，多见好句型和习惯表达用语者，可给4分。\n组织结构分通篇句型、句式单一，词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般亦不予给组织结构分。\n四、避免常见问题\n用词不当句型单一东拉西扯时态错误结构松散脱离主题\n五、培养写作能力积极参与听说训练重视基础落实学习写作技巧重视作文批改\n培养良好书写习惯单词形义牢记不忘了解基本句子成分理清五种基本句型朗读背诵佳句美文尝试进行中英互译\n学会使用过渡词或连接词大胆使用并列句、复合句恰当使用英语习语、谚语巧妙使用长短句和各种句式用具体的描述取代抽象的概念*\n作用例词表示并列and,or,also,too,aswell表示转折but,however,yet,while,though,otherwise表示递进what’smore,besides,inaddition表示让步though,although,evenif,whether,nowthat,whatever,whenever\n作用例词表示因果because,becauseof,since,asaresultof,thanksto表示条件If,unless表示对称foronething…fortheotherthing,ononehand….ontheotherhand表示解释thatis,thatistosay,inanotherword,inotherwords\n作用例词表示举例forexample,suchas,like表示强调aboveall,indeed,really,especially,表示空间here,there,ononeside,…ontheotherside,infrontof,atthebackof,nextto表示时序first…second…then…finally,atlast,afterwards,immediately,suddenly,soon\n作用例词表示归纳inshort,ina/oneword,generally(speaking)表示转换Ithink,I’mafraid,youknow,asweallknowI’msure,bytheway表示列举firstly…secondly…thirdly…,one…another…athird\nAnappleaday,keepsthedoctoraway.Eastandwest,homeisthebest.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.Godwillhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.\n自我批改互相批改主动争取教师面批的机会自备一本专门的作文本\nAbosswantedtheworkerstoworkhardonedayhecametothefactoryat9amayoungmanwasdrinkingcoffeewhenhecamebackatninethirtythebossfoundthattheyoungmanwasstilldrinkingcoffeethebosswasangryhowmuchdoyoumakeaweekheaskedtheyoungmantwohundreddollarsthebossgavetheyoungmantwohundreddollarsandsaidtakethemoneyandgetoutofherethenthebossaskedanotherworkerwhatwasthatmansjobhedoesn’tworkheretheworkersaidhejustcameheretopickupapackage\nAbossinafactorywantedtheworkerstoworkhard.Oneday,hecametothefactoryat9a.m.Ayoungmanwasdrinkingcoffee.Whenhecamebackatninethirty,thebossfoundthattheyoungmanwasstilldrinkingcoffee.Thebosswasangry.“Howmuchdoyoumakeaweek?”Heaskedtheyoungman.“Twohundreddollars.”Thebossgavetheyoungmantwohundreddollarsandsaid,“Takethemoneyandgetoutofhere.”ThenthebossaskedAnotherworker,“Whatwasthatman’sjob?”“Hedoesn’tworkhere,”theworkersaid,“hejustcameheretopickupapackage.”\nJohnwasdrivinghiscarhomefromstationyesterdayeveningwhenhehadaccident.Therewaslotofdamagetobothcar.OneofJohn’sarmwasbroken,andtheothermanhadbadcutonhishead.Thentheymadephonecalltoahospitalandpolice.Soonambulancecameandtookthemtohospital.\nJohnwasdrivinghiscarhomefromthestationyesterdayeveningwhenhehadanaccident.Therewasalotofdamagetobothcars,andbothJohnandtheothermanwerehurt.OneofJohn’sarmswasbroken,andtheothermanhadabadcutonhishead.Thentheymadeaphonecalltoahospitalandthepolice.Soonanambulancecameandtookthemtothehospital.\nItisveryimportantexerciseandeattherightkindoffoodstayhealthy.Youdonotneedtospendalldaydoingexercisetokeepfit.Walktoschool,cleanthehouseorclimbstairseverydaycanhelp.Unluckily,manyteenagersareforgotthesesimpleandeasywaystokeepfit.Differentkindsofexercisesuchasrunning,swimmingandplayingfootballmakeyoutofeelgood.Theyalsohelpyoudobetteratschool.\nItisveryimportantexercise(toexercise)andeattherightkindoffoodstay(tostay)healthy.Youdonotneedtospendalldaydoingexercisetokeepfit.Walk(Walking)toschool,clean(cleaning)thehouseorclimb(climbing)stairseverydaycanhelp.Unluckily,manyteenagersareforgot(forget)thesesimpleandeasywaystokeepfit.Differentkindsofexercisesuchasrunning,swimmingandplayingfootballmakeyoutofeel(feel)good.Theyalsohelpyoudobetteratschool.\nLastweektheforeignersvisitedourschool.Theysawsomestudents.Thestudentswerehavingalessoninthecomputerroom.Thereareafewcomputerroomsinourschool.Lastweekwhentheforeignersvisitedourschool,theysawsomestudentshavingalessoninoneofthecomputerroomsinourschool.\nTomhasadog.MygoodfriendTomhasalittlewhitedognamedLucky.Thegirlismycousin.Thelovelygirlstandingunderthethreeismycousin.JanecanspeakEnglishandJapanese.JanecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoJapanese.\n六、谨记注意事项1、注意文体2、研究考试3、学会审题4、写作要诀\nTipsforwriting审题----认真看清题目要求，找出关键词定位----根据自己已有的经验和词汇量，选择自己最熟悉，最有把握的方面去写，并作好人称、时态等的定位行文----紧紧围绕中心内容，力求短文结构完整，要点齐全，语言规范，连贯流畅润色----用更为贴切的词语和富于变化的句式（如并列句、复合句、被动语态和谚语等）修改润色，使短文更优美复查----整篇短文写完后，一定要再次仔细复查：查大小写、查标点符号、查词汇、查句型、查要点、查文采誊写----字迹要清晰，卷面要整洁，让阅卷老师看得清楚，印象良好*\n小结：一、明确教学目标二、把握变化走向三、了解评分标准四、避免常见问题五、培养写作能力六、谨记注意事项\nGoodbetterbestNeverletitrestTillgoodisbetterAndbetterbest\nIfatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,trytryagain!\nAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.\nGodwillhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.\nThanksforlistening!\n1-1Mymotherisateacher.Sheis…Sheis…Sheis…Sheis…Ilikeherverymuch.Thisisourschool.Thereis…Thereis…Thereare…Thereare…Ilikeitverymuch.\n1-2Mymotherisfortyyearsold,butshelooksyoung.Sheisadoctorandherhospitalisnotfarawayfromourhome,soshegoestoworkbybike.Sheworkshardandisalwayskindtoherpatients.Athomeshedoesalotofhouseworkandoftenhelpsmewithmylessons.IthinkmymotheristhebestmotherintheworldandIloveherverymuch.（73词）\n1-3OurschoolislocatedinthecentreofShanghai.Itwasbuiltin1950.Nowthereareabout200teachersand2000studentsinourschool.Wehavealanguagelab,twocomputerroomsandabiglibraryinourschool.Wearegoingtobuildanewclassroombuildingnextyear.Ourschoolwillbecomebiggerandmorebeautifulinthefuture.（63词）\n2-1(1)LastweekIgotanAinthetest.(2)I’mveryhappyaboutitandI‘lltrymybesttolearnEnglishbetterandbetter.(3)IknowitisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(4)IbegantolearnEnglishwhenIwaseightyearsold.(5)However,withthehelpofmyteachersandclassmates,I’vemadegreatprogress.(6)ButsometimesIfounditsodifficultthatInearlygaveitup.\n2-2(4)IbegantolearnEnglishwhenIwaseightyearsold.(3)IknowitisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(6)ButsometimesIfounditsodifficultthatInearlygaveitup.(5)However,withthehelpofmyteachersandclassmates,I’vemadegreatprogress.(1)LastweekIgotanAinthetest.(2)I’mveryhappyaboutitandI‘lltrymybesttolearnEnglishbetterandbetter.\n3-1Tomusedtogotobedat2a.m.Healwaysfeeltiredandgotoseethedoctor.Thedoctortoldhimthatplayingcomputergamesfortoolongisbadforhishealth.Tomisgoingtotakethedoctor’sadvice.Hedecidedtogotobedbefore10o’clockeveryday.Hisparentswereveryhappy.\n4-1Dogsaremen’sbestfriends.Dogscanhelpblindmen.Theycantakethemeverywhere.Theyareveryclever.Theycanalsohelpthepolicementocatchrobbers.Theycanhelppeopletobuynewspapers.Somedogscancalculate.Dogsareourbestfriends.Weshouldprotectthem.Weshouldtakecareofthem.Don’thurtourbestfriends!\n4-2Dogsaremen’sbestfriends.Theyalwaysgiveusalotofhelp.Inancienttimes,theyhelpedmenhuntanimalsandkepttheircavessafe.Now,dogshelppolicementocatchrobbersandfindlostpeople.What’smore,somedogscanevenhelpblindmen.Theyshowthemthewayanddoalotofthingsforthem.Wecallthiskindofdogsguidedogs,andtheyareblindmen’seyes!Inaword,dogsarenotonlyourpets,butalsoourbestfriends!\n(10)Writeatleast60wordsaboutthetopic“Iamproudofmyself”.（以“我为自己感到自豪”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。）（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）Usethefollowingpointsasareference.（以下内容仅供参考）Whatkindofpersonareyou?Whatmakesyouproudofyourself?(Giveanexample/examples)Whyareyouproudofyourself?\n(11)Writeatleast60wordsaboutthetopic“I’mamemberof_________”.（以“我是……的一员”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)提示：你可以作为任意兴趣小组或社团一员，或作为家庭、班级、社区等的一员，写出你的经历、感受等。Usethefollowingpointsasareference.(以下问题和图片仅供参考)Areyougladtobeamemberof…?Whatdoyoudoinit?Howdoyoufeelassuchamember?\n(11作文举例）I’vebeenamemberofSSPjournalistforthreeyears.It’sreallyameaningfulandexcitingexperience.Ialwaysinterviewfamouspeopleaswellascommonpeoplepolitely.Moreover,writingreportsisnecessaryworkaftertheinterview.Luckily,I’vepublishedthreearticlesinSSPthroughmyhardwork.Inourjournalists’homeweworktogetherhappily.Invariousactivities,Ifeelproudandconfidentassuchamember.Moreimportantly,thecourageandconfidenceIgainisthebestgifttomyyouth.\n(2012)Writealetterinatleast60wordsaccordingtothegivensituation(根据所给情景写一封不少于60词的信)SupposeyouareJoe.YourfriendBettyisupsetaboutacomingexamforshecarestoomuchabouttheresult.Whatdoyouthink?Trytoofferhersomeadvice.（假如你是Joe,你的好朋友Betty因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。）\n(2012作文举例）Everychallengehastworesults,failureorsuccess.Theresultofthecomingexamisn’tthatimportanttoyou,forit’sjusttoprovehowhardyouhaveworkedthissemester.Ifyouhavetriedyourbesttodoeverything,there’snothingtoregretevenifyougetafailureintheend.Betty,pleasetrytorelaxyourselfwhenfeelingsoanxiousandnervousthatyoucan’tconcentrateonthethingsyou’redealingwith.Dowhateveryoulove,suchaslisteningtothemusicorgoingoutforajogging.Andthenyoucanstudymoreefficientlyandachieveyourgoal.Ialwaysbelieveyou’rethebest!\n6-1短文对话信件日记\n7-1写人物写事件写物件写场所写观点夹叙夹议\n7-205年：Growingpainsandgains（成长的烦恼与快乐）06年：Ihaveadream（我有一个梦想）07年：ThingsIhatetodo(我不喜欢……)08年：Lovearoundme（我身边的爱）09年:Iwanttodosomethingformyschool(我想为学校做件事)10年：Iamproudofmyself（我为自己感到自豪）11年:I’mamemberof_____(我是……的一员)\n8-1培养良好书写习惯单词形义常抓不懈介绍基本句子成分理清五种基本句型\n1.NanpuBridgeisverypretty.2.Ourschoolismagnificent.3.Runningisagoodwaytokeephealth.4.Theyoungmanishotheart.5.Myfather’sbodyisverygood.6.Heeverydaymorningveryearlygotoschool.\nWhowillwin?主语+不及物动词主语+及物动词+宾语主语+联系动词+表语主语+及物动词+双宾语主语+及物动词+复合宾语WestudyEnglish.Thegirllookspretty.Mumgivesmeapresent.Youshouldkeeptheroomclean.简单句的五种基本句型\n并列句用and,but,so,or等词连接两个并列的句子复合句状语从句(时间条件目的原因结果让步比较)宾语从句(that,if/whether,wh…/how)定语从句(who,which,that)\nChangeAstimepasses,everythingaroundusischanging.Forexample,peoplearemoreandmorefriendlytoeachother,carstodaycanrunmuchfasterthanbefore,andourlifeisbecomingmoreconvenient.Butontheotherhand,ouratmosphereisalsochangingbecausewearepollutingitwithcarbondioxideandotherchemicals,andtheenginesofthecarsproducelotsofcarbondioxidewhiletheyarerunningandburninggasoline.WeDOneedchangesafterall,soIhopethatthechangeswillbeenvironmentallyfriendlyandwillperfectourlife.\nChangeTherearemanychangesinmylife.Oneofthebiggestchangesismytimetable.IrememberIusedtoplayalotofcomputergamesandhavesportsnowandthen.AlthoughIwasverytiredafterthoseactivities,Ienjoyedmyself.ButnowIhaven’tmuchtimetodomyfavoritethingsbecauseIhaveendlesshomeworktodo.Iusuallystudyuntil11o’clockandIcansleepforonly6hoursaday.Whatabadchangeitis!\nChangeTheweatherinChinaischangeable.Differentseasonshavedifferentfun.Whenspringcomes,treesturngreenandwegoouttoflykites.That’saninterestingactivityandmanypeopleenjoyit.Insummer,peoplegoswimmingbecausetheweatherissohot.That’sabigchange.Peoplewearlessandhavecolddrinksandice-cream.Inautumn,it’sgettingcoolerandcooler.That’sacomfortablechangeandpeoplereallyloveautumn.Winterisusuallycold.Peoplewearheavyclothesandstayindoors.Wheneveritsnows,peoplegooutandmakesnowmen.Itisfun!Howbeautifulthechangesindifferentseasonsinourcountryare!\nChangeHaveyoueverimaginedhowlifewillbelikein100years?Now,welcometo2111.Ourlifeiscompletelydifferentfromthepast.Therearesomanychanges.Listen!ThedogoverthereissayingthathewantstowatchTV.Thekitchenenablesustowaitforthetastydinnerwithoutcookingpersonally.Bedinourbedroomsaremuchsmarterthattheycanwakeusup.Thenewstyleofourlifeisautomatic.Doyouthinkthechangesin2111fantastic?*\n以动词不定式开头的句子Tomakemydreamcometrue,I’ll…以介词短语开头的句子InordertomakeprogressinhisEnglish,he…以副词开头的句子Hurriedly,shelefttheroomwithabag.动名词作主语的句子Swimmingisagoodwayofexercising.除陈述句以外的其他句式*Whatanunforgettableexperienceitwas!\n…Afteraday’shardwork,mymotherdoesallthehouseworkforus.…Asamemberofourfamily,Iwillhelpdothehousework……mymotherdoesallthewashing,cookingandcleaningforus.…Iwillhelptowashthedishesafterdinner,cleanthebedroommyself,andsometimesgoshoppingwithMum.*\nIamaluckyperson.IamproudofmyselfbecauseIhavesomeexcellentteachers.Firstofall,theyshowgreatlovetome.Theydotheirbesttoletmeknowthebeautyofknowledge.Withtheirhelp,Iamgettingbetterandbetter.What’smore,theyareverypatient.Theyalwaysaskmetorecalltheknowledgeagainandagain.Inthisway,Icanimprovemymarksveryquickly.Inconclusion,theyaresuchexcellentteachersthatIcangetalotfromthem.SoIamproudofmyselfbecauseofmydearestteachers.\nWritealetterinatleast60wordsaccordingtothegivensituation(根据所给情景写一封不少于60词的信)SupposeyouareJoe.YourfriendBettyisupsetaboutacomingexamforshecaresToomuchabouttheresult.Whatdoyouthink?Trytoofferhersomeadvice.（假如你是Joe,你的好朋友Betty因为过于在意考试结果而感到焦虑。请给她写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并给她一些建议。）(2012)\n(人物）关键词AgeAppearancePersonality/hobbyJob/attitudetothejobYouropinionandreason\n叙事通常用一般过去时一般按照事情发展的顺序来写要注意时间，地点，人物，事情的起因，经过，结果，这些要素缺一不可。\n议论性的短文很重要的是要写好主题句和结尾句。因为他们是短文的中心，写好了主题句，还要使中间部分的展开句为主题句所服务，避免整篇文章偏离中心。\nAsweallknow,pollutionisaveryseriousproblemintheworldandallofusshouldhelptofightpollution.Asamiddleschoolstudent,Ithinkweshouldplantmoretrees,usepaperbagsinsteadofplasticones,keepoldcansandnewspapersforrecycling.Wemustn’tthrowpaper,rubbishorbatterieseverywhere.Wemustn’tmakenoiseorletoutdirtywaterintotheriversandlakes.Inshort,wemusttryourbesttofightpollutionandmakeacleanworld.