《中考英语总复习》中考英语一轮专题复习 被动语态【课件】 20页

被动语态\n\n语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)考点一：有关被动语态的基础知识1.被动语态概述\n2．被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。3.被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：\n(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：ThiswatchismadeinChina.这块手表是中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年都应该种更多的树。\n(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Manyhouseswerepulleddownbytheearthquake.许多房屋被地震摧毁了。\n【拓展知识点】1.不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。常见词有：happen，takeplace，look，sound，feel，smell，taste，become等。如:Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight.这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。Thefoodtasteddelicious.这种食物尝起来很美味。\n2.在主动语态中省“to”的动词不定式，在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have。如：Hemadethegirlstayathome.(变为被动语态)→Thegirlwasmadetostayathome.\nRussianisalsotaughtintheirschool.他们学校也教俄语。(肯定句)Thewindowsofourhousearecleanedonceaweek．我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。(肯定句)→Thewindowsofourhousearen’tcleanedonceaweek．(否定句，在is,am,are后加not)→Arethewindowsofourhousecleanedonceaweek?(一般疑问句，把is,am,are提句首)考点二：一般现在时的被动语态（主语+am/is/are+done）\nBeijingwasliberatedinJanuary，1949.北京是一九四九年一月解放的。(肯定句)ThesephotosweretakenontheGreatWall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的。(肯定句)→Thesephotosweren’ttakenontheGreatWall.(否定句，在was,were后加not)→WerethesephotostakenontheGreatWall?(一般疑问句，把was,were提句首)考点三：一般过去时的被动语态（主语+was/were+done）\nAnewschoollibrarywillbebuiltnextyear.一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句)→Anewschoollibrarywon’tbebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在will后加not)→Willanewschoollibrarybebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把will提句首)考点四：一般将来时的被动语态(will+be+done；am/is/aregoingto+be+done)\nAnewschoollibraryisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.一个学校的新图书馆将明年建成。(肯定句)→Anewschoollibraryisn’tgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在is／am／are后加not)→Isanewschoollibrarygoingtobebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把is／am／are提句首)\n(1)肯定句式（主语+情态动词+be原形+过去分词）Thecomputermustberepairednow.电脑必须立刻修。Manytreesshouldbeplantedonthemountains.应该在山上种许多树。考点五：一般现在时带情态动词的的被动语态(情态动词+be+done)\n(2)否定句式（主语+情态动词+not+be原形+过去分词）ItcannotbedonebyPeter.这件事不可能是彼得干的。Wastepapershouldnotbethrownontheroad.废纸不应该扔在路上。(3)一般疑问句式（情态动词+主语+be原形+过去分词）Mustthetreesbewaterednow?这些树必须现在浇水吗？\n(4)特殊疑问句式①特殊疑问词(不作主语)+情态动词+主语+be原形+过去分词Whencanmycomputerberepaired?我的电脑什么时候能修好？②特殊疑问词(作主语)+情态动词+be原形+过去分词Whatmustbedonenext?下一步该做什么？\n1.—Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace?—Becausemostoftheearth’ssurface______bywater.(黄石)A.coversB.coveredC.coverD.covered2.Studentsdolesshomeworknow.Usuallyit______before9o’clockintheevening.(重庆)A.finishesB.finishedC.isfinishedD.wasfinishedBC\n3.Morechances______forstudentstolearnfromeachotherifworkingingroups.(泰安)A.provideB.areprovidedC.providedD.willprovide4.Wearegoingtotakethehigh-speedtraintoXi’antomorrow,soanearlyarrivalatthestation______.(河南)A.advisesB.isadvisedC.isadvisingD.wasadvisedBB\n5.—Waiter,I’dlikesomeNingboDumplings.—Sorry,sir.NingboDumplings______onlyforlunchanddinner.(湖北随州)serveB.servedC.areservedD.areserving6.(安徽)Whenthebabydog______,itwasveryhungry.Sowegaveitsomefood.(安徽)A.isfoundB.wasfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.willbefoundCB\n7.Football______toourschoolsubjectslastyear.(陕西)A.isaddedB.addsC.wasaddedD.added8.(重庆)—Mom,whereismymodelplane?—Oh,it______toJennyyesterday.(重庆)A.islentB.lendsC.waslentD.lentCC\n9.—China’s23rdBeidouSatellite______intospaceonJune12,2016.—AsChinese,weareproudofit.(湖北咸宁)A.hassentB.issentC.willsendD.wassent10.Lastyear,fiveChineseteachers______toaschoolintheUKtoteachtheBritishstudentsinChinesestyleforfourweeks.(江苏镇江)A.wassentB.weresentC.havesentD.sentDB