中考英语复习不定代词和It用法课件 39页

不定代词和It英语总复习\nPeriodIsomeanysomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyoneeverythingeverybodyeveryonenothingnobodynooneafewfewalittlelittleallbothneithernone\n不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词以下都是不定代词：someanysomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyoneeverythingeverybodyeveryonenothingnobodynooneafewfewalittlelittleallbothneithernoneoneonesone…theother(s)some…othersanother不定代词\n不定代词的用法some和any.两者都可以和可数名词或不可数名词连用，但是常用于常用于Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisn’tanywaterinthebottle.Isthereanywaterinthebottle?注意：1.Wouldyoulikesometickets?CouldIborrowsomedictionaries?如果在提问时期待对方的肯定问答，或鼓励别人说yes时，用some而不用any.some肯定句，any否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。\n2.any用于肯定句中有“任何一个”解。常用于比较级句子中。Tomrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterthananygirlinhisclass.3.some,any,every,no可以与body,thing,one构成合成代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：Somethingiswrongwithmybike.Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.Nobodyisabsent.Ifyouwantanything,callme.\n一、构成：由　　　　　　　　分别加上　　　　　　　构成的不定代词叫复合不定代词。二、用法：1、复合不定代词在句中可以作主语①、宾语②或表语③等。例如：①_________willlistentohim.没人会听他的。②Hewants___________toeat.他想吃点东西。③Didyoufeel________different?你没觉得什么不同？Nobodysomethinganythingsome,any,no,every-body,-thing,-one复合不定代词\nnothing3、用人称代词替代复合不定代词时，指物用it,指人用he,him。例如：Somethingiswrongwithyourcar,isn’t___?你的车有点问题，是吗？Everyonetries____besttofinishtheworkintime.每个人都尽自己最大的努力按时完成这项工作。his2、复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数。例如：Has_______seenmypen?有人看见我的钢笔吗？Thereis_______wrongwiththeTVset.这台电视机没问题。anybodyit\n4、some-复合不定代词通常用于肯定句中①；-any复合不定代词多用于否定句②、疑问句③和条件状语从句④中。例如：①_________calledonherlastweek.上周有人拜访她。②Thereisn’t______elsethere.那里没有别人。③Is_______overthere?有人在那边吗？④Ifthereis________difficult,pleasetellme.如果有什么困难，请告诉我。Someoneanyoneanybodyanything\n５、形容词修饰不定代词时，通常放在不定代词之后。例如：There’s________________withyoureyes.你的眼睛有问题。somethingwrong6、every-复合代词与not连用，表示部分否定；而any-复合不定代词与not连用，表示完全否定。例如：Not________likeswatchingTV.并非人人都喜欢看电视。Ididn’tmeet________ontheway.(=Imet______ontheway.)路上我没有遇到任何人。everyoneanybodynobody\nanyone/anyone；noone/none；1．anyone和anyoneanyone仅指人,anyone既可指人,也可指物。2．noone和nonea)none既可指人又可指物,而noone只单独使用,只指人。b)none作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可,而noone作主语,谓语动词只能是单数。_____ofthemknow/knowsabouttheplan.None_______hasbeentoJapaninourclass.NooneIsthereanythinginthebox?None指人指人指物\n注意：all与none用法一样。跟不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式;跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。Allofthestudentsarethere.所有的学生都在那。All(of)themilkisthere.所有的牛奶都在那。\nlittle,alittle,few,afew1.little与alittle两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little作“很少”，“几乎没有”解，有否定的意思，alittle作“少许”、“有一点”解，有肯定的意思，例如：Inthisway,theycanmakethetripwithjustalittlemoney.用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。Thereislittleleft,isthere?没剩多少了，是吗？2.few,afew用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。AfewofusspeakEnglishwell.我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。Therewerefeweggsisthefridge,sohewenttothesupermarketandboughtsome.冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了，所以他去超市买了一些。\n3.few作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数例如：Fewofthemknowthis,dothey?4.常用词组有quiteafew(好几个)，onlyafew(只有一个)，veryfew(极少数)verylittle(极少数)例如：HehasstudiedChineseforquiteafewyears.他学汉语已有好几年了。\n小练习1.It’ssocoldtoday,________peopleareinthestreets.2.Hurryup!Thereis_______timeforus.3.Only_________studentscanunderstandwhathesaid.4.Thereare____applesleft,we’llbuysome.fewlittleafewfew\nboth和allboth表示两者的肯定，all表示三个或三个以上的肯定，谓语都用复数。Allarewrong.Wearebothteachers.Theyallarefarmers.两个都不在家。我们两个都是教师。他们都是农民。全都错了。Botharenotathome.\nboth,either,neitherboth为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作主语：1)Both(ofthem)enjoyedrice.他们两人喜欢吃米饭。2)Neither(ofus)isadoctor.我们俩都不是医生。3)Either(ofyou)willgo.随你们哪个去都可以。注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither,either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。\n作定语：1)BothZhangHua'sfatherandmotherworkinahospital,butneitherofthemisadoctor.张华的父母亲在一所医院工作，但都不是医生。2)Youmaytakeeitherapple.两个苹果任你拿一个。作宾语：1)Ilikebothofthetoysverymuch.我非常喜欢这两件玩具。2)Theboycouldfindneitherofthemandwentaway.这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。3)Therearetwoappleshere,youmaytakeeitherofthem.这里有两个苹果，你可以拿任一个。\nboth还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。1)Theyarebothingoodhealth.他们两人身体都很好。2)Theywillbothgothere.他们两人都收到那儿去。3)Theybothagreedtotakepartinthebirthdayparty.他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。\n此外，either可作副词用于否定句，表示“也”，相当于肯定句中的“too”。Thisisnotmine.Thatisnot,either.这不是我的，那也不是。neither表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中：Idon’tliketoplayfootball.Neitherdoeshe.我不喜欢踢足球，他也不喜欢。Shehasn'tgotabike.NeitherhaveI.他没自行车，我也没有。\n注意:both…and,表示“两个都”，连接主语时谓语动词是复数。either…or,“不是……就是”；“或……或”,neither…nor，“既不……也不”；“……都不”连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，如：1)BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.张、王都是好学生。2)Eitheryouorheisright.不是你就是他对的。3)NeitherhenorIamascientist.他和我都不是科学家。\nNeitherofusisaworker.Noneofthemare/isgoodatcookingneither和none1.neither/noneof+人称代词（宾格）2.neitherof两者都不,谓语用单数3.none用于三者或三者以上的否定；谓语单复数均可\nPeriodIIoneonesone…theother(s)some…othersanotherit\none,another,theother1.one常用来作代词,替代前文所出现的可数名词单数,表示人或物,以避免重复。例如：Ihaven'tgotaballpen.I'llhavetobuyone.(=aballpen)我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。Whichonedoyoulike?Thebigone.你喜欢哪一个?大的一个。2.theother,another都可解释为“另一个”。other加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another指三者以上中的另一个。例如：Hehastwobrothers.Oneisadoctor,theotherisateacher.We'vereceivedtwoparcels,onefrommyuncleandtheotherfrommyaunt.Idon'tlikethisone,showmeanother,please.I‘vejustboughtthreethings.Oneisawalkman,anotherisapocketcalculator,thethirdisavideogame.\n3.the other／others／theothersthe other：1)特指两个中的另一个 与one搭配构成“one…，theother…”句型。He has two sons．One is a worker．the other is a doctor．2)修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tom likes swimming and the other boys in his class likeswimming，too．Others相当于other+可数名词复数，泛指其他的人或物，常与some搭配构成“some…,others…”句型。others可单独作主语或宾语。 如：He often helps others．Somelikeplaying basketball，otherslike playing football．the others特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物There are fifty students in ourclass．Twenty of them are girls，the othersare boys。\none表示“一个”，可代替前面提到过的人或物的单数形式。ones可代替前面的复数名词。Whichdressdoyoulike?Theonewiththewhitebelt.Theseshoesaretoosmall,letmetrytheoneswithoutlaceon.oneones\n1.it作人称代词it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isn’tit?也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.也可指抽象事物:Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat．2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指自然现象、时间、距离等，称为非人称代词it：指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?Itisabitwindy.It的用法\n指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.3.Itis+adj......该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的部分。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.Itispossibleforhimtowinthefirstprize.=Towinthefirstprizeispossibleforhim.\n4.It作形式宾语Ifounditdifficultforhertoanswerthisquestion5.It和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后可能有修饰语来加以区别。IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing______now.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew_______soon.itone\n1._________oftheteachersarekindinourschool.A.EveryB.EachC.EitherDAll2.Ifyouneed_________money,I'lllendyou_________.A.one,oneB.any，someC.some，anyD.any，any3.Hehas_________totellus.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing4.—CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?—_________isOK.I'mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None5.—Oh,thereissomeoneintheroom.—________mustbemyteacher.A.ThereB.SheC.ThisD.ItExercise:\n6.NeitherInorhe_________fromUSA.A.beB.areC.amD.is7.Everyonecanhaveapieceofbread,_________?A.can,everyoneB.can'ttheyC.can'titD.can'tshe8.Whydon'tyouget_________toreadwhileyouareonholiday?A.anythingB.everythingC.somethingD.nothing9.LiLeiistallerthan_________inhisclass.A.anybodyB.anybodyelseC.elseanyoneD.somebodyelse10.There'remorethantwentystudentsinourschool,but_________ofthemarefromFrance.A.noneB.allC.neitherD.both.\n11.______ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.EachB.AnyC.NooneD.None12.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause______ofushad______moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any13.Therearetreeson_______sideofthestreet.A.everyB.allC.eitherD.both14.Thereisadeskon_______sideoftheroom.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.every15.—WhichsidecanIsitontheboat?—Ifyousitstill,youcansiton_______.A.everysideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.eitherside16.Itissaidthat_______ofhisparentshavegonetoBeijing.A.allB.everyC.bothD.either\n17.Somestudentsareabsent-minded,_______ofthemheardwhattheteachersaid.A.allB.noneC.everyD.notall18.—Is_______here?—No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.nobody19.Theywereallverytired,but______ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither20.—CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?—I’mafraid_______dayispossible.A.eitherB.neitherC.someD.any21.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you’llhavetopay_____﹩5.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each\n22.—Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant?—Iwant_____.Pleaseshowme______.A.none;anotherB.all;theotherC.neither;theotherD.neither;another23._____sideofthestreetislinedwithdifferentshops,____ofwhichsellelectronicproducts.A.Both;bothB.Either;allC.Neither;eitherD.Either;both24.—Doyouneedanythingelse?—Yes,westillneed______aircrafts.A.moretwoB.anothertwoC.othertwopiecesofD.twootherpiecesof25.Ihadnoideawhichwasbetter,soItook_____ofthem.A.anyB.everyC.noneD.both26.—Theexaminationwaseasy,wasn’tit?—Yes,butIdon’tthink______couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody\n27.Isthereanyonewhocandothejob?.A.None  B.Noone  C.Notone D.Notmanyones28.Iwantedsomewater,buttherewasinthebottle.  A.none  B.no C.any  D.nothing29.TomandMaryhavearrived,butstudentsinyourclassaren'thereyet.  A.other  B.others  C.theother  D.theothers30.DoSeptemberandAprilhavethirtydays?A.every  B.neither  C.each  D.all31.ofusisactiveinEnglishclass.A.Every B.Everyone  C.Everyone  D.Anybody32.WehaveEnglishclassesday,Mondays,WednesdaysandFridays. A.eachother B.everyother  C.thisandother  D.allother\n33.Theroomwasempty,butTomfeltthatwaswatchinghim.A.anybodyB.nobodyC.somebodyD.everybody34.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing34.Onsideoftheroadtherearealotoftrees.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither35.We’reverybusybecausewehavesobookstoreadandso____worktodoeveryday.A.alot,muchB.many,muchC.many,alotD.much,many36.Iusuallyhaveeggsandmilkforbreakfast.A.afew,afewB.alittle,alittleC.alittle,afewD.afew,alittle38.AreyourparentsinterestedinChinesefood?A.everyB.bothC.allD.each39.Don’tworry.Thereisstilltimeleft.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew\n40.Weshoulddotostopsandstormsfromhappeningagainandagain.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.something41.LiLeioftentalksbutdoes.Soeverybodysaysheisagoodboy.A.less,moreB.few,muchC.more,littleD.little,many42.Ihavethreecaps.Oneisred,areblack.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers43.Heisalonelyoldman.Hehasfriends.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew44.–“Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugarormilk,sir?”–“No.I’dmostliketeawithinit.”A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything\n45.Shealwaysthinksofmorethanherself.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers46.Therearequiteafewoldbooksontheshelf,butofthemisusefultohim.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.none47.Ifshedoesn’twanttodoit,doeswantto?A.anybodyelseB.everybodyelseC.elseeverybodyD.elseanybody58.–“Whynotgotoseethefilm?”–“Becausethereisn’t,Ihear.”A.nothinginterestingB.somethinginterestingC.anythinginterestingD.interestingsomething49.MyfriendandIdon’toftenwritetoomuchbecauseofushasmuchtime.A.allB.bothC.noneD.neither\n50.Wewereallverytired,butofuswouldliketohavearest.A.noneB.anyC.allD.neither51.–“AreyouinterestedinmathsorEnglish,Jack?”–“.IpreferP.E.”A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None52.–“Ishere?”–“No.WeiPingandLilyhaveaskedforleave.”A.anybodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobody53.Thereiswithmybike.SoIhavetowalkhome.A.wrongsomethingB.anythingwrongC.nothingwrongD.somethingwrong54.Theysawintheskywhiletheywerefishingbytheriver.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything\nTHANKS