中考英语名词复习ppt课件知识分享 26页

名词一、中考考查重点可数名词与不可数名词名词的单数与复数名词所有格4.专有名词的常见的缩写形式1\n名词{专有名词（如：Tom、China、theUnitedStates,January,Monday)可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可数名{名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。2\ncap---capstask---tasksstar---starstree---treeshouse---housesexercise---exercises可数名词的复数形式规则变化A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-SB.以字母x、s、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-esbus---busesbox---boxeswatch---watchesdish---dishesclass---classesC.（1）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstory—storiesbaby—babiescountry—countriesparty—parties（2）以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sday—daysboy---boystoy---toys3\nE.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradio—radioszoo---zoosbamboo--bamboosD.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-esshelf---shelveslife—livesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswife—wiveshalf—halves特殊:roof---roofs（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+es,potato---potatoeshero---heroestomato—tomatoes但piano—pianos,photo--photos除外.4\n不规则变化特殊变化：单复同形manmengentlemangentlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildrensheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese5\n3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese)aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman)aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean)4.常以复数形式出现的名词集体名词：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面5.6\n5.复合名词的复数形式a.将主体名词变为复数e.gaboystudentboystudentsaflowershopflowershopsadiningroomdiningroomsbananatree–bananatreesshoefactory–shoefactoriesb.当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数e.gawomanteachertwowomenteachersamannursetwomennurses7\n不可数名词{常见的不可数名词１.drink---coffe,milk,tea…2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German…7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice…物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)8\n不可数名词数量的表达法：通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量abottleofmilk---twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat---threepiecesofmeat表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof,enough,plentyof……巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一块冰（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁（5）半公斤鸡肉（6）许多瓶牛奶不可数名词没有复数形式9\n既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：不可数名词可数名词paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间aroomchicken鸡肉achickenbeauty美abeauty一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人10\n专有名词：1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSUNITNBAIQEQPERMBVIP11\n名词的所有格单数的名词所有格Mike’sbagtheboy’sknife2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加’,读音与名词变复数同thestudents’bookstheteachers’office3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后加’s,如:Women’sDaymen’sclothesshop4.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroomJenny’sandHelen’srooms5.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西所有格用’s的形式12\n8..无生命的东西一般用“of+名词”的形式表示其所有格thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加-‘s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日报纸车站休息室twohours’walkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaperthestation’swaiting-roomatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup7.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词13\nmyteacher’sofficestudents’exercisebooksChildren’sPalacetoday’snewspaper15minutes’walk=a15-minutewalkatthebutcher’s=atthebutcher’sshoptoTom’s=toTom’shouse1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3少年宫4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6在肉店7到汤姆家去名词的所有格Practice14\n8广东的省会9教室的门10我父亲的一个朋友11他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明13他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother15\n主谓一致当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________arefilmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.is16\n3.像chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.gTheshoesarehers.但是:Apairofglasses_____onthetable.Twopairsofglasses______onthetable.isare4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_____peace.love但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分e.gHeisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_____thisbook.like17\n5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定e.gAdeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer______overthereinthefield.are6.Thepoetandmusician______attheparty.Thesingeranddancer_____justarrived.Thebreadandthebutter_______ready.Breadandbutter____herusualbreakfast.涂了黄油的面包washasareis18\n8.Both…and…的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.Bothheandhisfather________there.were7.采取就近一致原则的句型结构：Therebe…e.g.There___abookandtwoapplesonthedesk.notonly…butalso…e.gNotonlyyoubutalsohe___right.either…ore.gEitherheorI____wrong.neither…nore.gNeithershenorI_____right.isisamam表示时间、距离、金额、度量、书名、国名等的复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。e.gEighthoursofsleep_____enoughforyou.Tendollars_____toomuchtopay.isis19\n10.each+单数名词+and+each+单数名词every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词no+单数名词+and+no+单数名词eachof+复数名词oneof+复数名词manya+单数名词every/each+单数名词+and+单数名词等结构做主语时，动词用单数。e.g.Eachboyandeachgirl______seenthefilm.Noteacherandnostudent_____comeyet.Everyknife,fork,andspoon____tobebought.Eachofthestudents______adictionary.hashashashas20\n()1.Pleasegiveme______paper. A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe _____800metreraceyesterday.A．boysB．boys’C．boyD．boy‘s.()4.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______. A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs课时训练选择填空：NOUN.21\n()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy_______.A.brothersB.brother’sC.brothers’D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters()8._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe______?A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menroomsNOUN.22\n1.Several_____aretalking abouttheir______underthetree.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）A．minute's B．minutes C．minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’s典型例题解析NOUN.23\n指点迷津Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI_____(are,am)anAmerican.NOUN.24\n指点迷津6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.NOUN.25\n典型例题解析TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()Theyoungisdancingthere.()Theyoungaredancingthere.()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()26