中考英语阅读理解猜词技巧[课件] 34页

EnjoyEnglish,Enjoylife!\n中考英语阅读解题方法指导－－－猜词技巧难度﹡﹡﹡﹡\nHowdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning\n词义理解题常见的题型有:Theunderlinedword(phrase,term)“…”means_____.Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”properlymeans_____.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto____.By“…”,theauthormeans_____.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“…”?\n1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2..Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.GuessthemissingwordsHarveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-looking\nGuessingunknownwords/vocabulary1.Thelionhasits“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means___________anarea(that---own)动物地盘2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.强壮B.意志坚定C.友好D.聪明定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释\n技巧归纳1:Use__________________________利用__________________________definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义Signalwords:means,refersto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,定语从句…..etc.\nPruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means______A.Regularcutting（修剪）oftheplantsB.oftenwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2：Using________________________________根据________________________________commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验\n技巧归纳3:利用____________________from___________________2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.“adolescence”means___________Theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood同义/同位语similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,liveintheU.S.today．“ocelot”means_________________anendangeredwildcat\nThelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersallkindsofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.…Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto____.A.制造汽车B.汽车租赁公司C.租赁汽车D.汽车制造商技巧归纳4:利用_____________举例fromexamplesSignalwords：forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as---as，etc.\n技巧归纳5：利用________________From_________________1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘）withthewindlikefeathers（羽毛）.2.Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.雪花，雪片爱交际的比较或对比comparisonorcontrastSignalwords:as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.\n技巧归纳6:利用__________________From__________________________(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Wordformation\n1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana(加纳)---theeducatedandilliterate,theyoungandold---worktomakemoneytoliveashousewivesandmothers.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.healthyCuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳7:利用___________________________From__________________________同义词或反义词的关系猜词。SynonymorAntonym.\nIfeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.A．fullofrespectB．rudeandtooconfidentC．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquietB技巧归纳8：利用______________________From_______________________原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignalwords:because，since,so,such…that,so…that,ect.\nTheofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧归纳9:Use_____________________________利用_____________________________workedasanengineer.contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境\n猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境\n1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常识teacher-----students\n﹡﹡2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛药）wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective（无效的）.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_______AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterestD因果关系because\n﹡3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearable(难以忍受)heat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thewildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means___________________A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例forexample\n﹡﹡﹡4.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblame（责备）competition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means______ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhodependonothersmostforsuccessC上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation\n﹡﹡﹡5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem－aformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favoritism"isusedtodescribethethingsthat________.A.brightchildrenalsoneededucationtogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwitheducationarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess破折号（定义或同位语）\n﹡6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreachA1.定义definitionthatistosay也就是说\n﹡﹡7.Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedspeciallyB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.arequestmadebyguests比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)\n8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans.A．simpleB．mixedC．sadD．happyBdefinitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义\n﹡9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比contrastnormal—but---unusual\n﹡﹡﹡10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamiletofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释opportunity---ist\nOptionalexercises（选做题）\n11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Getworse12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthetortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.长寿13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是____________脊椎动物\n14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focusherattentionon15.Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall\n16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononcoeducationalorsingle-sex(单性别)schools?co（共同的）---education---al男女同校教育的17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country\nEx2:…“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy\nEx3:Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith----ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedword"conflict"means_____.dependentlifeterriblefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling\nEx.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosavethanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement\nTheend