中考英语语法讲解课件-被动语态 33页

中考英语语法被动语态\n被动语态与状态的区别教学目标被动语态基本结构（现在、过去、情态）哪些词不能用于被动被动语态与被动修饰\n基础知识一、什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。1.定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。\n2.被动语态的构成：被字句：主语+be+动词过去分词(v-ed)+bysb.我打他Ibeathim.(打过了)他被我打=他打被我Hewasbeatenbyme.他喜欢她Helikesher.她喜欢被他Sheislikedbyhim.(am/is/are).被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。\n学好被动语态的两个基础条件一、每种时态的be动词形式。二、不规则动词。\n主动语态be的谓语形式总结(1)主+am/is/are…主+am/is/are+being主+will+be…主+hasbeen…Heisaleader.Heisbeinghere.Hewillbealeader.Hehasbeenaleader.\n主动语态be的谓语形式总结(2)主+was/were…主+was/were+being主+would+be…主+hadbeen…Hewasaleader.Hewasbeingherejustnow.Hewouldbealeader.Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago.\n被动语态:主+be+过去分词+(bysb)1.Heeatstheapple.2.Heatetheapple.3.Heiseatingtheapple.4.Hewaseatingtheapple.5.Hewilleattheapple.6.Hewouldeattheapple.7.Hehaseatentheapple.8.Hehadeatentheapple.1.Theappleiseatenbyhim.2.Theapplewaseatenbyhim.3.Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim.4.Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim.5.Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim.6.Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim.7.Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim.8.Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim.\n三、情态动词的被动语态他儿子一定照顾这个人。Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson.这个人一定要由他儿子照顾=即这个人一定照顾由他儿子。Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson.含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+bysb.\n1.Youmustdothisassoonaspossible.2.Icanuseit.3.Youshouldbuyadictionary.4.Sheoughttocleanherbedroom.5.Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild.6.Wecanchangewaterintoice.1.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible(byyou).2.Itcanbeused.3.Adictionaryshouldbebought(byyou).4.Herbedroomoughttobecleaned.5.Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter(bythem).6.Watercanbechangedintoice.\n提高知识一、是不是所有的动词都有被动语态？1.所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。这类动词或短语如：takeplace(发生)，happen(发生)，comeabout(发生)，breakout(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die,end(vi.结束),fail,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart等。\n(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：Fit合适,have,hold,marry结婚,own拥有,wish,cost值,notice注意,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin成功,sufferfrom受苦,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto属于\n(3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.听起来很好。Tellmeifyoufeelcold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。\n4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。5)当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully. Thelampsonthewallturnoff.\n二、初中的不及物动词有哪些？不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。常见的不及物动词有：apologize道歉appear出现arrive到达come来go去run跑walk走die死fall掉落flow流淌happen发生rise升起stay停留sit坐lie躺stand站cry哭swim游泳\n基础练习题()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung\n()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep\n()7.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()8.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()9.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished\n()10.Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwaterAnswers:1-5BDDDC6-10BBCAB\n提高练习题1.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt2.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown\n3.Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept4.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold\n5.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten6.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't7.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow\n8.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended9.Tea___inthesouthofChina.(多)A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow10.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell\n11.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare12.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.amgivenB.wasbeengivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven13.Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou\n14.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done15.Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto16.Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted\n17.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had18.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplacetoB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace19.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown\n20.Themedicine______inadryandcoolplace.A.keep        B.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeepAnwers:1-5AADCB6-10BADBD11-15BDBBA16-20CBDAC\n三、被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语。1.ThecatiscalledTom.(被动语态)2.Thereisacat(calledTom)inthehouse.(过去分词短语作后置定语)3例：HecalledthemancalledJohn.4例：Thedevelopedcountrieshavedevelopedover200years.\n四：被动语态不要与表示状态句型混淆类型一Heisinterestedinthegame.ThegameismadeinChina.类型二Thedoorisclosed.ThedoorisclosedbyJohn.\n练习题1.Somebody___Jackphonedwhileyouwereout.A.tocallB.callingC.beingcalledD.called2.Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto3.Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid\n4.Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto5.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken6.Theboy___ismyfriend.A.isnamedJohnB.nameJohnC.namedJohnD.arenamedJohn\n7.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting8.Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written\n9.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell____.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spendingAnswers:1-5DABCA6-10CBDBB