中考英语总复习 题型五 阅读理解课件 27页

题型五阅读理解题型分析解题技巧真题分析\n题型分析阅读理解在中考英语试题中是重中之重,分值为45分。它是一种综合性很强的题型,重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力及推理能力、归纳总结及判断能力,对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛,包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。\n题型分析本大题包括A、B、C、D、E五篇难度适当的短文,其中A、B、C、D四篇要求考生阅读材料后,从每小题的4个选项中选出最佳答案。E篇是在一篇短文中留出五个空格,要求考生根据短文内容,从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项,使短文通顺、连贯,意思完整。A篇阅读是属于比较实用的表格、应用文、图表或配有图片的文章等,多为细节理解题。B、C、D篇阅读逐步加深难度、是考查学生综合能力的短文,考查方式多为细节理解题、词义猜测题、指代关系题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、计算理解题等。\n解题技巧一、细节性问题此类题型最常出现，一般先读题，带着问题去阅读，通常可以在原文原句中找到答案，此时最好把要点用笔画出来，以免粗心而出错。或者可以通读全文，在理解文章大意后便可找到答案。\n解题技巧二、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题1.推理判断题先找出信息源，对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断；忌片面思考，尤其是由某一句话而得出片面的结论。记住一个原则：过于绝对(all,only,always,never,certainly)都是不对的。计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式，此类试题要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确答案。\n解题技巧2.主旨大意题解这种题目时，不要以偏概全（如把文章出现的某一观点当做整篇文章的观点），或者概括性不够（把文章某一部分的中心句当作全文的主旨），或者概括过度（超出了文章的内容）。\n解题技巧3.词义猜测题解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。有时，命题者为了使他意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个同义词、近义词或英文解释来说明此文章中一个比较难的词或关键词，因此其中就有可能为我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识，就不难推断出生词的词义来。有时，中考中用指代性的代词，如it，they，she，he以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词，因此涉及此类题目时，我们更要认真细心地找准前面的名词。\n解题技巧三、还原型阅读理解题。1.在理解全文的基础上,把握段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的行文关系和逻辑关系。2.联系上下文,找出突破口,先还原位置较明显的句子,然后把其余的句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可的句子,可试着回归原文,反复诵读上下文,判断其位置是否恰当。3.将所有的句子都还原到短文后,再通读全文,检查文理是否通顺,逻辑是否合理。\n真题分析A（2016·福州市）Whatwoulditbeliketobeover100metersintheair？Besidestakingaplane,thereisamoreinterestingandrelaxingwaytoexperienceit:havingarideonaFerriswheel(摩天轮).LondonEye,EnglandWithaheightofabout135meters,theLondonEyeisthetallestFerriswheelinEurope.Thereare32cars(轿厢)andeachcancarry25peopleatmost.Ontheride,peoplecangetaviewofLondonTower.BuckinghamPalaceandBigBen.Oneturntakes30minutes.\n真题分析HighRoller，USItistheworld’stallestFerriswheel.Itis168meterstall.HighRollerfirstopenedinLasVegasonMarch31st,2014.Aridetakes30minutes.Youcanalsoenjoyvideosandmusicduringtheride.TianjinEye,ChinaTianjinEyeisa120-metertallFerriswheel.ItliesonabridgeovertheHaiheRiverinTianjin,China.ItistheonlyFerriswheelintheworldtostandonabridge.Thewheelhas48cars.Eachcantakeeightpassengers.Peoplecangetgoodviewsofthecityduringthe30minutetrip.\nRouedeParisFranceRouedeParislookslikeallotherFerriswheels.Itisabout60meterstallandhas42cars.Butpeoplecanmoveit.Becauseofthis,thebigwheelhasbeentomanyotherplaceslikeManchesterintheUKandBangkokinThailand.真题分析\n()1.Thereare_____carsinLondonEye.A.25B.30C.32D.135()2.ThetallestFerriswheelintheworldisin___.A.ParisB.TianjinC.LasVegasD.London()3.HighRolleris____meterstallerthanTianjinEye.A.33B.48C.60D.108真题分析\n()4.____istheonlyonetolieonabridge.A.LondonEyeB.HighRollerC.TianjinEyeD.RouedeParis()5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A.TianjinEyecanbringyoumusicalenjoyment.B.RouedePariscanbemovedtomanyotherplaces.C.LondonEyecancarry384passengersatmostononeturn.D.HavingarideonthefourFerriswheelsneedsthesametime.真题分析\n1.C【解析】细节理解题根据“Thereare32cars”可知伦敦眼有32个轿厢。故选C。2.C【解析】细节理解题根据“Itistheworld’stallestFerriswheel”和“HighRollerfirstopenedinLasVegasonMarch31st,2014.”可知,世界上最高的摩天轮在LasVegas。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题根据“Itis168meterstall”和“TianjinEyeisa120metertallFerriswheel.”可知HighRoller比TianjinEye高48米。故选B。真题分析\n4.C【解析】细节理解题根据“ItistheonlyFerriswheelintheworldtostandonabridge.”可知TianjinEye是世界上唯一一座建在桥上的摩天轮。故选C。5.B【解析】细节理解题由第三段中“Youcanalsoenjoyvideosandmusicduringtheride.”可知A错;C错在LondonEye可以乘坐32×25=800人;D错在文中并没有提到RouedeParis转一圈需要多长时间。根据“Butpeoplecanmoveit”可知,巴黎摩天轮可以移动,B选项正确。故选B。真题分析\nBPollutioninsidehomesandotherbuildingskillsmorethan4millionpeopleeachyear.Manypeopledieasaresultofbreathingsmokeorfromcookingoverwood-poweredorcoal-poweredstoves.Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.CrosbyMenzies,asolarpowerexpertinaSouthAfricancompany,describedhislatestsolarcookercalledthe“Sol4”,”Itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.Itisquitealargecooker.”真题分析\nThe“Sol-4”worksbyreflecting(反射)lightfromthesunofflargemirrors.Themirrorsdirect(把……对准)thelightatacookingpan.Thenthelightheatsthepanwithsolarenergy.Withintwominutes,thepanishotenoughtocooksausagesandonions.Injustfourminutes,watercanbeboiled.Thatisasfastascookingwithnaturalgasorelectricity.Thecookerisalsomuch“friendlier”thanothermodelsbecausepeopledonothavetostandinthesuntouseit.Andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.Suchindividualswouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.真题分析\nAtpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.Butengineersareworkingonawaytomakeitworkwithoutsunlight.Eachcookercostsabout$2,000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostAfricans.Tosolvethatproblem,CrosbyMenzieshascratedanon-governmentalorganizationcalledSolarCookersforAfrica.Itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.真题分析\n()1.Thispassageismainlyabout____.A.solarcookersB.smokepollutionC.solarpowerexpertsD.breathingillnesses()2.The“Sol-4”ismainlyusedto_____.A.shortenthetimeofcookingB.reducethecostofmakingcookersC.raisemoneythroughdonationstohelpAfricanpeopleD.reducethenumberofdeathscausedbyharmfulsmoke真题分析\n()3.Theunderlinedword“individuals”mostprobablymeans“”A.cookersB.mirrorsC.peopleD.experts()4.Whichofthefollowingaboutthe“Sol-4”isTRUE？A.Itissixtoeightsquaremetersofmirrors.B.Itcanworkinanyweatherconditionnow.C.Itcanalsoheatthepanbylightingfirewood.D.Itismoreenvironment-friendlythanothercookers.真题分析\n()5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat____.A.the“Sol4”willbedesignedinasmallersizeB.moreAfricanscanusethesolarcookersinthefutureC.the“Sol4”isthefirstproductoftheSouthAfricancompanyD.theAfricangovernmentwillprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookers真题分析\nB1.A【解析】主旨大意题根据全文可知本文介绍了一种新型的太阳能灶具。故答案是A。2.D【解析】细节理解题根据“Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.”以及本段提出的Sol4这个炊具可知:Sol4主要是用于减少因呼吸有害气体而导致的死亡。故选D。3.C【解析】词义猜测题根据“Andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.”和“…wouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.”可知:这样的人很少患上呼吸类疾病。因此,“individuals”指的是人。故选C。真题分析\n4.D【解析】细节理解题根据第三段介绍的Sol4工作原理可知:它使用的是太阳能,比其他灶具更环保。故选D。5.B【解析】推理判断题根据“Tosolvethatproblem,CrosbyMenzieshascratedanon-governmentalorganizationcalledSolarCookersforAfrica.Itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.”可以推断将来越来越多的非洲人会用上太阳能灶。故答案是B。真题分析\nC(2015·漳州市)It'sverycommontomeetdifferentpeopleinpublicplaces.WhenIwas12,Igotajobinashop.Onmyfirstdayatwork,Ididn’tcomehomeforlunch.1.______,Dadasked,“Wheredidyoumanageyourlunch,dear?”Ianswered,“Imadesomenewfriendsintheshop,twinbrothers,theirmomanddad.Theyweremycustomers.2._______.”DadwashappythatIhadmadenewfriends,buthewantedtoknowwhatkindofpeopletheymightbe.Severaldayslater,IaskedmyfriendstocometotheshopwhereIworkedandletDadmeetthem.真题分析\nDadwasverysurprisedtofindoutthatthetwinbrotherswerejoinedatthechest.3.______.WhenDadaskedmeaboutthis,Isaid,“Iknowthat,too.Butdoyouknowthattheirmomhastomakeallclothesbecauseit'stoodifficulttofindanythingtofitthem?4.______.Thatday,Joe,theoneontheright,mademenoodlesforlunch.”5._______Buttome,whatIcaredaboutwasthattheyhaddifficultybuyingclothesandtheyweregoodcooks.真题分析\nA.TheyarealsogoodatcookingB.WhenIcamehomeatnightC.Ididn’ttellDadaboutthatbeforeD.TheyinvitedmetohavelunchtogetherE.ToDad,hemightcaremoreabouttheirstrange真题分析\nC1.B【解析】由上下文可知,爸爸询问“午饭是怎么解决的？”应发生在作者晚上回家后,故选B。2.D【解析】作者没回家吃午饭是因为朋友邀请他吃午饭,上下文都在谈论lunch,所以“lunch”是判断的关键词,故选D。3.C【解析】由关键词“surprised”可推出爸爸事先不知道作者的朋友是一对连体双胞胎,故选C。4.A【解析】由后半句“mademenoodlesforlunch”可知他们擅长烹饪,故选A。5.E【解析】根据句式Buttome的结构可推出前半句就为ToDad,故选E。真题分析