初中英语时态讲解 9页

初中英语时态讲解or或since等表示一段时间的状语。如：MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---bein/atopen---beopendie---bedeadclose---beclosedbecome---be初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词六种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时。一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes”。结构:1）be动词。有一顺口溜：我用am，你用are，is用于他，她，它,单数is，复数are.肯定式:主语+am/is/are+其他否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他疑问式:Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+am/is/are(否)No,主语+am/is/arenot2）行为动词（实义动词）除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es。“动词第三人称单数”的加法即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s.2、以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾加es.3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾改y为i+es肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/doesnot缩写形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意：have的第三人称单数为has用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等时间状语连用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.eg.I'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.一般现在时用法专练:一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.9\n3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?二、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________用动词的适当形式填空　　1.I like____________(swim).                       　　2.He_________(read)English every day.　　3.We_________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.  　　4.Mike________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.　　5.My mother________(like)______(go)shopping.       　　6.Ican________(draw) many beautiful pictures.　　7.She_________(make)a model plane.                　　8.Do you________(like)_________(run)?　　9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump)?          　　10.DoesNancy_________(grow)flowersonSaturday?2、现在进行时。通常用“now/look/listen”.1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的结构：.肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are）+动词现在分词-ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.否定句：主语+be（is,am,are）+not+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？特殊疑问：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?9\n3.动词加ing的变化规则1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping,swim—swimming4. 现在进行时专项练习：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.·　二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：·　　 1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.·　　 2.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.·　　 3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.·　　 4.What_____you______(do)now?·　　 5.Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.·　　 6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.·　　 7.Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.·　　 8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.·　　 9.It's5o'clocknow.We___________(have)suppernow·　　10.______Helen__________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis。写出下列动词的现在分词：　　play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write________ski_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________3、一般过去时态一般过去时通常用“amomentago,justnow,yesterday,last…”等。1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）9\n⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.行为动词的一般过去时变化肯定句（Positive）动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句(Negative)didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did…+动词原形…?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid…+动词原形…?Whatdidyoudolastnight?4.动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop–stoppedplan-planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/learntgetgotknowknew5.特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday? 过去时练习:一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I_______atschooljustnow.2.He________atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.It______Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.9\n二、用行为动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)7._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.三、中译英1．格林先生去年住在中国。2.昨天我们参观了农场。4.过去进行时：肯定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句：主语+助动词be(was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它?用法:1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when,while引出的时间状语从句连用）。例：Theyweretalkingaboutafilmatsixyesterdayevening.昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。Whatwereyoudoingatthistimelastweek?上周的这个时候你在干什么？Whentheteachercamein,theyweretalking.老师进来时，他们在讲话。2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。例：Theywereswimmingfromtwotothreeyesterdayafternoon.ShewaswatchingTVthewholemorning.3、表示过去将要发生的动作。例：HesaidhewasleavingonTuesday.他说他周二动身。Tomsaidhewasgoingtomorrow.汤姆说他明天去。过去进行时练习题：一、动词填空。1．John_______（work）alldayyesterday.2．—What______you_______（do）atteno'clockyesterday﹖—I_______（studay）inclass．3．WhenHarry_______（have）breakfastLily_______（telephone）him．4．WhenI________（go）toschoolthismorningI______（see）acarrunningintoabus．6.ThistimeyesterdayJack______(mend)hisbike.7.I______(write)aletterattenlastnight.8.Itwassix.TheGreens______(have)supper.9.Whenyou______(knock)atthedooryesterday,I______(do)somewashing.10.Whilemymother______(watch)TV,I______(make)akite.4、一般将来时9\n概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。1.基本结构：①主语+be(is,am,are)goingto+动词原形.②主语+will+动词原形.2.否定句：①主语+be(is,am,are)+not+goingto+动词原形.②主语+will+not(won’t)+动词原形.例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.3.一般疑问句：①Is(Are)+主语+goingto+动词原形.+?②Will+主语+动词原形+?例：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.WillhegotoBeijingnextweek?Yes,hewill.No,hewon’t.4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1).问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2).问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3).问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?5同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一、练习：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?二、用所给词的适当形式填空。11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?15.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.16.What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.17.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.9\n18.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I________________(plan)formystudynow.6.现在完成时构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+？特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+？用法：1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet等副词修饰。Mr.WanghasjustcomebackfromAmerica.王先生刚从美国回来。2．现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有fborrow---keepputon---wearbuy---haveleave-----beaway(from)begin/start-----beonfallasleep----beasleepend/finish-----beovercatchacold-----haveacoldjointhearmy----beinthearmy,beasoldierjointheParty----beintheParty,beaPartymember例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispenfortwoyears.Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.Jimhashadthispensince2007ItistwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.4.在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。　　inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词＋that”后面跟现在完成时。　　例：ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.　　ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.　　Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.6.have/hasbeento+地点意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have/hasgoneto+地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：HehasgonetoShanghai.他去了上海。HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过了上海。1、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.　　Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen2、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.　　Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen3、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey4、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity9\n单项选择　　1、Both his parents look sad.Maybethey _________what's happened to him.　　Ａ. knew Ｂ. haveknown  Ｃ. mustknow  Ｄ.willknow　　2、He has _______been to Shanghai,has he?　　Ａ. already  Ｂ.never   Ｃ.ever   Ｄ.still　　3、Have you met Mr Li______？　　Ａ. just  Ｂ. ago    Ｃ.before  Ｄ. amomentago　　4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.is writing   Ｂ.was writing   Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、-Ourcountry ______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.　　Ａ.has changed;well  Ｂ. changed;good　　Ｃ.has changed;betterＤ. changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already ______inthisschoolfortwoyearsＡ.was;studying Ｂ.will;studyＣ.has;studied Ｄ.are;studying　　7、We______Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　　Ａ.know  Ｂ. had known  Ｃ.have known  Ｄ. knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.　　Ａ. will see    Ｂ. have seen    Ｃ. saw  Ｄ.see　　9、-These farmers have been to the United States.　　  -Really?When_____ there?　　Ａ.will they go    Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go     Ｄ. have they gone　　10、-______you___your homework yet?-Yes.I_____ it a moment ago.　　Ａ. Did;do;finished   Ｂ. Have;done;finished9\n　　Ｃ. Have;done;have finished  Ｄ. will;do;finish9