初中英语代词讲解 26页

Pronoun代词\n2一.概念代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。\n人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词相互代词关系代词二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格I,you, she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsmyself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves, oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,whatwho,whom,which,whose,that,assth…;sb…;both…;all…;no;another,others…\n1.人称代词主格:I,you, she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.I’veknownherforyears.\n2)两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则:二三一人称.“我”总是放在最后,在并列主语中,排列顺序为:you,she/heandI,并列宾格:you,her/himandme,You,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.Liaskedyou,Tomandmetocleanthewindows.\n63)人称代词的特殊用法：she,her通常用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。TheTitanic,thelargestshipatthattimestartedherfirstjourneyonasunnyday.Chinaismymotherland,althoughsheisnotrichenoughnow,Istillloveherverymuch.\nit的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见其人的,非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离A:Who’sthemanbesideyouinthephoto?B:It’smycousinHenry.A:Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Whocanitbe?B:Ibetit’sMike.Iwarnedhimnottosmoke,butitdidn’thelp.Lookatthebaby,it’ssocute/lovely.ItisWednesdaytoday.Itistenminutes’walkfrommyhousetothepark.ItisfifteenyearssincehecametoShanghai.\n5)在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskind/niceofyoutohelpme。Ifind/thinkitusefultoreadEnglisheveryday.ItissaidthatantrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnightItseemedthathisinterviewwasasuccess.\nmakeit（口语）获得成功;takeiteasy从容，不着急letitgo不去理会,随它去（不屑或懒得多说或做什么）this/thatisit这/那正是我(们)所需要的;这/那正是失败的原因所在；这/那正是最后的结果了。Heneverreallymadeitasanactorbefore2000.Westillhavehalfanhour,takeiteasy!Ioverheardhertalkingaboutme,butIletitgo.I’vebeenlookingforahouseformonthsandIthinkthisisit.I’mafraidthat’sit,wehavelostthematch!\n2.物主代词adj物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有n,只能作定语。n性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，Thisisn’therpen.Herslooksnewerandcleaner.主语Ilostmybike,CanIuseyours.宾语Lookforyourkeysinyourbag,notinmine.介词宾语:\n含有物主代词的词组onone’sown=byoneself独立地，独自地try/doone’sbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseone’sway/temper/life.迷路/发脾气/丧命loseone’shearttosb/sth=fallinlovewith…钟情于inone’sforties/fifties在某人40/50岁的时候doone’shomework做作业；inone’sopinion依某人看beone’sownmaster/mistress独立自主\n12keep/loseone’sbalance(因保持/失去平衡而)稳住/倒下Keep/loseone’shead保持镇定/昏头，冲动Keep/breakone’spromise信守/违背诺言keep/breakone’sword守信/失信,食言eatone’swords承认自己说错话onone’swaytosp在去某地的路上inone’sfree/sparetime在某人的闲暇时光holdone’sbreath屏息;loseone’sbreath气喘吁吁toone’ssurprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是\n1).作动词的Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语She’sveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.I’mconfidentofmyself=Ihaveconfidenceinmyself..3).作表语:I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday.4).作同位语，起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood,butitisn’tsuitableforyou.3.反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves, oneself\nenjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学…buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买…calloneselfawriter/JayChou自称作家/周杰论introduceoneself自我介绍；beproudofoneself自豪devoteoneselfto全神贯注于;献身于behaveoneself举止规范;expressoneself表达思想hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helponeselftosome…随便吃/喝点….makeoneselfathome,放松；别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己thinkmoreofoneselfthanothers考虑自己多于别人feeloneself感到有精神;lookoneself跟往常一样健康byoneself=onone’sown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组\n指示代词的句法功能:作主语、宾语、介词宾语:4.指示代词:this,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。1ThisisthebestwaytodolearnEnglish.2Ilikethisbetterthanthat.3Idon‘twanttotalkaboutthat.\n16指示代词的特殊指代功能：1.介绍别人时要用thisis;ThisisMissLi.ThisisTom2.this常指下文中要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指上文中提到过的人/事物有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis:Thepartywillbeputoff.Hehurthislegyesterday.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.\n3.打电话时“你”“我”不用“you”“I”而要用that,this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking.4.that和those可作定语从句的先行词,those常用来指人Wearelookingforthosewhosinganddancewell.\n5.相互代词eachother,oneanothereachother指两个人/物之间,oneanother指多个之间,但eachother常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Wewritetoeachother.Althoughthey’vetalkedforfivehours,theydon’tknoweachother'snames.\n6.疑问代词:指人:who,whom,whose;指物:what;指人/物:which疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。who问姓名/关系,what问职业等\n就划线部分提问1.Themanwithlonghairisanartist2.Themanhaslonghair3.Thecaroverthereismine.4.Mycarisoverthere.5.SallygaveJohnacardyesterday.Whoisanartist?Whichmanisanartist?Whatisthemanwithlonghair?Whatisyours?Whichcarisyours?Whoseisthecaroverthere?Whosecarisoverthere?Whatisoverthere?WhereisyourcarWhogaveJohnacaryesterday?WhomdidSallygiveacardtoyesterday?WhatdidSallygiveJohnyesterday?Whohaslonghair?Whatdoesthemanlooklike?\n*7.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括who,whom,which,whose,that.用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物;1.who,which和that用作主语,Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforBeijing.2.whom,which,that用作宾语,Theman(whom/that)yousawisafamousactor.Isthisthebook(which/that)youboughtlastweek?3.whose用作定语,如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.Thisisthecarwhosewindowswerebroken.\n8、不定代词1).something,anything,nothing,everything,Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Wouldyougivemesomethingtodrink?不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）\n2).one,ones,指代与上文中提到的n同类中的一个/一些,单数为one,复数为ones.one(s)可带形容词修饰语或限定词:a/an,the,some,any,next,this,that,which和定语从句.IsthishattheoneyouboughtinFrance?Thebluevaseistwiceasexpensiveasthewhiteone.Theseapplesaretoosmall,doyouhaveanybiggerones?\n1.Kelly’srighteyeisgreen,its_________eyeisblue.2.Iamstillhungry,canIhave________cake?3.Doyoumindshowingmesome____pears,thesearetoosmall.4.Thereisonlyoneglove,whereis____________?5.Weneed_______fivedaystofinishthework.6.There’remanypeopleinthepark,someareflyingkitessomearetakingawalkand____aresittingonthegrass.7.TwoboysandonegirlinourclasscomefromTaiwan,____________________arefromShanghai.othertheotheronetheothers/therestothersanotherotheranother3）.another(+单数/数字+复数),又一个/几个(泛指)theother两者中的另一个(前面一般有two,twins,eyes,ears,hands,gloves,thestreet,parents等暗含2的n)others(=other+复数),其他的;别的,(泛指),多与some搭配theothers(=other+复数=therest),其他的;剩余的,(特指)与前面提到的部分相加等于全部,多与数字搭配\nsome(+复数n/不可数n,(肯定句,或建议请求),any(+复数n/不可数n)一些（否定句，疑问句）no复数(+单/复数n/不可数n)没有=notany/notaboth+复数（两者都)=bothof+复数neither+单数（两者都不）=of+复数either+单数（两者中的任何一个）all+复数n/不可数n（三个或三个以上都/所有都）noneof+复数（三个或三个以上都）any+单数（三个或三个以上中的任何一个）each+单数=eachof+pl(多个中的每一个,强调个体与个性）every+单数（多个中的每一个,强调整体与统一性）There’retalltreesoneach/everysideofthesquare.Hehasfivesons,butnoneofthemliveswithhim.Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?Either.(Neither,-)There__no___,Whichofyouwouldliketobuysome?\nalittle(+不可数n)=abitof(milk),(肯定句,一点点)verylittle(+不可数n)很少;onlyalittle仅一点点little(+不可数n)(否定，几乎没有)many(+复数n)很多(既用于否定句,也用于肯定句)much(+不可数n)很多(既用于否定句,也用于肯定句)afew(+复数n)几个=several/acoupleoffew(+复数n)几乎没有（用于否定句)quiteafew+复数n,相当多的;veryfew;onlyafewWehavemanyclassesandhavetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday,soeachofusfeeltired.ShecanspeaklittleEnglish,justafewsimplewords.Heisamanoffewwords,sohehasfewfriendsShegotquiteafewpresentsbutlittlepleasurefromit.