初中英语知识要点 13页

初中英语知识要点初中英语知识要点【复习内容】初中英语知识要点【学习要点归纳】语音知识1、元音字母及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音。2、辅音字母及其字母组合的读音。二、词汇：第一册至第三册的词汇短语，依照相应的要求。三、语法知识（词类）（一）名词包括可数名词和不可数名词1．常见的不可数名词有：newsworkweatherpaperfruitbreadwoodairchalk2．可数名词有复数形式，分为规则和不规则变化，规则变化①直接加-s如：book,penteacherstudent.etc.②加-es以x,s,(t)ch,sh结尾的可数名词，如：boxglass,watch,match,dish,wish.③以辅音字母加y结尾，去y变i加-es如：story,country,city,factorydictionaryfamilybaby.注意：以元音字母加y结尾的则直接加s.如：key,monkey,boy,toy,way,play(戏剧)④以f或fe结尾，变f为v加-es如：knife,leaf,shelf,thief,wife,half.不规则变化常见的不规则名词复数有man,woman,policeman,foot,child,tooth.有些名词只有复数形式，如：people,police有些名词常用复数形式，如：trousers,clothes,glasses,thanks,congratulations,cabbages.\n有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但意义不同，如：room房间（可）；空间（不）time次（可）；时间（不）glass眼镜；玻璃杯（可）；玻璃（不）（二）代词1．人称代词的主格和宾格主格，在句中充当主语。宾格，在动词或介词后面充当宾语。2．物主代词。包括形容词性和名词性的物主代词。形容词性的物主代词后面必须有名词，名词性物主代词后面不可有名词，但要注意单复数。如：YouhavemoreapplesthanI,butminearebetterthanyours.(此处的mine指myapples,是复数)。3．反身代词，myself,themselves,etc.①特别注意yourself有复数形式是yourselveseg,"Enjoy_______(you),"Hesaidtothechildren.此处用yourselves.②反身代词用于一些固定的短语。如：hurtoneself,enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,teachoneself,lookatoneselfinthemirror,saytooneself.4．不定代词，some,any,none(三)冠词1．不定冠词a或an①以元音音素（而不是元音字母）开头的单词前用an.如：There'san"h"intheword"hospital"Englishisausefullanguage.Hewillcomebackinanhour.②泛指某一类事物中的一个，但不具体说明是哪一个。如：She'sanEnglishteacher.Acarrunsfasterthanahorse.③可表示数量"一"，但不如one语气强。如：Ihaveabike.It'smadeinShanghai.\nWehavemealsthreetimesaday.2.定冠词the①特指某事物，或双方都知道的事物；或上文提到的事物。如：Where'sthestation,please?②用在世界上独一无二的事物之前。如：theearth,themoon,theGreatWall③用在江河湖泊之前，如：theChangjiangriver④用在序数词之前，如：thetwentiethcentury⑤用在形容词最高级前面。如：thetallest⑥用在姓氏复数前，表示夫妇或全家人，如：theGreens⑦用在某些乐器前，如：thepiano⑧某些固定用法，如：inthemorning(四)数词基数词和序数词1．构成比较特殊的有forty,fifty,ninth,eighth,twentieth2．掌握年月日以及时间的表达方法。3．一些特殊用法如：thousandsofmanyhundredsof(五)介词1．常用的介词in,on,at,to,from,by,for,about,after等的用法。2．注意归纳带介词的固定短语搭配。（六）连词1．并列连词and,but,or,neither.etc.2．从属连词when,if,that.(七)形容词1．比较级和最高级的构成（规则和不规则）2．作定语，表语，宾语补足语的用法。（八）副词1．比较级和最高级的构成（规则和不规则）2．意义类似的副词的比较。（九）动词1．及物动词和不及物动词\n及物动词：可以直接跟名词或代词作宾语。不及物动词：不可以直接跟宾语，如：wait,work,rain,snow,look如果要跟宾语必须用介词。2．连系动词常见的连系动词有sound,look,seem,feel,keep,turn,be,smell,get,taste等。连系动词后面跟形容词作表语，例如：looksad看上去很难过smellgood闻起来不错feelthirsty觉得口渴getlost走失soundnice听起来很好3．助动词分为情态助动词和基本助动词，与行为动词连用。基本助动词有三个即：be,do,have.它们本身不表示特别的意义，但是能够在句子中起一定的作用。后面跟动词的某一个特定的形式。be后面跟动词的现在分词构成现在进行时，跟过去分词构成被动语态do与动词连用构成一般时态或疑问句have后面跟动词过去分词构成完成时态情态助动词常见的有can(could),will(would),may(might),must,oughtto,haveto,shall(should)等。后面动词形式都是不带to的动词不定式。另外，情态动词本身有一定的含义，而且同一个情态助动词有不同的用法。例如：Hecanswim.他会游泳(can表示能够，有能力做某事)Ababyelephantcanweighoneton.一只小象可能重一吨。(can表示猜测，有可能)Youmustgettoschoolontime.你必须准时到校（must表示命令的语气，必须）Thisskirtmustbemysister's.这条裙子肯定是我妹妹的。（must表示猜测，肯定）4．行为动词\n英语中动词绝大多数是行为动词，能够表示一个具体的动作。有不同的形式包括时态，语态等。HeoftenhelpsGrannyLiwiththehousework.(一般现在时)WewenttothefarmlastOctober.(一般过去时)Hehaslivedherefortenyears.(现在完成时)Look!Thechildrenareclimbingthehills.(现在进行时)Riceisgrowninthesouth.(被动语态)【同步练习】一．根据要求写词1.badly_________(比较级)2.German_________(复数)3.visit________(名词)4.begin_________(现在分词)5.tomato________(复数)6.sheep________(复数)7.terrible__________(副词)8.enjoy________(形容词)9.fly_________(名词)10.blow__________(过去分词)二.用括号中的词的正确形式填空.1．Alotof____________(travel)cometoChinaeveryyear.2．Thecomputerisoneofthegreatest____________(invent)inhistory.3．Allthepeoplelookedvery____________(happy)atthatmoment.4．Haveyoueverspokentoa____________(foreign)?5．TheClass4____________(run)wasfirstpastthe____________(finish)line.6．Wemusttakemoreexerciseandkeep____________(health).7．Pleasespeakalittle____________(loud).Ican'thearyou.8．Most____________(busy)lettersarewritteninEnglish.9．Inthegirls'longjumpLiHuajumped____________(far)thananyothergirls.10.TheYangtzeRiverisamongthe____________(long)riversintheworld.三.单项填空.\n1．OnmywayhomeImetafriendofmy____________.A.brotherB.brother'sC.brothersD.brothers'2．I'dliketohavesome____________.--------Howmuchdoyouwant?A.orangeB.orangesC.tomatoesD.tomato3．Canyoupass____________thepan,please?A.myB.meC.mineD.myself4．June1stis____________Day.A.ChildrenB.Children'sC.ChildrensD.Childrens'5．Wouldyoulike____________moremilk?A.someB.anyC.theD.a6．Weoftenplay____________footballafterschool.A.theB.aC./D.some7．Thecakesmells____________.Idon'twanttoeatit.A.deliciousB.badC.nicelyD.nice8．ThenewTVsetwill____________youabout1,000yuan.\nA.spendB.takeC.costD.pay9.Shelistenedtothespeakercarefullybutshecouldhear_____________.A.anythingB.everythingC.NothingD.Something10.Thismedicinemust____________threetimesaday.A.takesB.tookC.takeD.betaken11.Itis____________talkingtoyou.A.apleasureB.pleasedC.pleasingD.please12.Wedon'twritetoooften,because____________ofushasmuchtime.A.norB.neitherC.AllD.One13.Thequestionissodifficultthat____________peoplecananswerit.A.everyB.afewC.FewD.All14.Don'thurry!There'sstill____________timeleft.\nA.afewB.alittleC.littleD.few15.Therewillbe____________morepeopleintheworldbytheendof2030.A.3billionsB.3billionsofC.3billionD.The3billion16.Theywillvisitthezoo____________theyhavenoworktodothisSunday.A.sinceB.ifC.WhenD.Before17.HanMeimeididn'tgotoschool____________shefellandhurtherleg.A.whenB.whileC.becauseD.if18.Mr.Lihaslivedhere____________hemovedtothecity.A.sinceB.forC.SoD.Because19.Jackoften____________TVathomeintheevening.A.watchesB.watchC.Watched\nD.Watching20.I____________aletterformMr.Smithrecently.A.amreceivingB.havereceiveC.ShallreceiveD.Havereceived21.Thiswatch____________nextMonday.A.canmendedB.canbemendedC.CanbemendD.Canbemending22.Pleasebequiet.You____________talkloudlyinthelibrary.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.needD.Must23.Hetoldthem____________onwiththework.A.togoB.goingC.GoD.Went24.Isawthegirl____________inthegarden.A.todanceB.dancingC.DancedD.Dances25.Keep____________theballandyou'llbeOK.A.topassB.passC.Passed\nD.Passing四.用正确的介词填空.1．Mr.Smithhasn'theard____________hiswifeforalongtime.2．Thesickpersonmustbeoperated____________atonce.3．Iambusy____________mywork.4．Hisuncleboughtanewcomputer____________him.5．LastweekTomborrowedabook____________theschoollibrary.6．Moretreesmustbeplantedall____________thecountry.7．Jimrodetoofastandhefell____________thebike.8．Thesebottlesaremade____________china(瓷).9．Whathasstoppedyou____________comingontime?10.Nooneisbetter____________mathsthanLinTao.五．阅读理解.Oneday,Ihappenedtotalktoastrangeronthebus.WhenhefoundoutthatIwasfromChicago,hetoldmethatoneofhisgoodfriendslivedthereandhewonderedifIhappenedtoknowhim.AtfirstIwantedtosaythatitwasfoolishtothinkthat,outofallthemillionsofpeopleinChicago,Icouldpossiblymeethisfriend.But,instead,IjustsmiledandsaidthatChicagowasaverybigcity.Hewassilentforafewminutes,andthenhebegantotellmeallabouthisfriend.Hetoldmethathisfriendwasanexcellenttennisplayer,andthatheevenhadhisowntenniscourt.Headdedthatheknewalotofpeoplewithswimmingpools,butthatheonlyknewtwopeopleinthecountryhadtheirowntenniscourts.AndhisfriendinChicagowasoneofthem.ItoldhimthatIknewseveralpeoplelikethat.Forexample,mybrotherandmynextdoorneighbour.ItoldhimthatmybrotherwasadoctorandhelivedinCalifornia.ThenheaskedwheremybrotherlivedinCalifornia.WhenIsaidSacramento,hesaidthatlastyearhis\nfriendspentthesummerinSacramentoandlivednextdoortoadoctor.Thedoctorhadatenniscourt.IsaidthatmynextdoorneighbourwenttoSacramentolastsummerandlivedinthehousenexttomybrother's.Foramoment,welookedateachother.Butwedidnotsayanything."Wouldyourfriend'snamehappentobeRolandKirkwood?"Iaskedfinally.Helaughedandsaid,"Wouldyourbrother'snamehappentobeDr.RayHunter?"Itwasmyturntolaugh.1.Howmanypeopledoesthestoryinvolve(涉及)?A.fourB.fiveC.sixD.seven2.Whichofthefollowingisthetitleofthestory?A.OnABusB.TwoTennisPlayersC.OneInAMillionD.ChicagoIsALargeCity3.ThewritersaidthatChicagowasaverybigcity.Thatmeans_______________________.A.itwaspossibleforhimtohappentoknowthestranger'sfriend.B.hedidn'twanttolookforthestranger'sfriend.C.itwasimpossibletofindthestranger'sfriend.D.hedidn'tknowthestranger'sfriend.4.Whenthestrangertoldthewriterthatonlytowpeopleinthecountryhadtheirowntenniscourts,hemeantthat_______________________________.A.hisfriendwasoffamousperson.B.hisfriendwasanexcellenttennisplayer.C.thewritercouldfindhisfriend.D.thewriterwouldhappentoknowhisfriend.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.ThestoryhappenedinChicago.B.Thewriter'sbrotherlivedinSacramento.C.BoththewriterandthestrangerlivedinChicago.\nD.BoththewriterandhisbrotherlivedinCalifornia.六.缺词填空.Mr.Hart,aLondontaxi-d1,hadanewblacktaxi.Withhistaxihehurriesthroughtheb2streetseveryday.Onedaywhenhewashavingashortr3,ayoungmanj4intohistaxi."Tothestationasf5asyoucan,"shoutedthemaninaveryunfriendlyw6,"Mytrainl7atthreeo'clock."Mr.Hartdidhisbest,buttherewasalotoft8.Ateverycornertherewasaredlight."Hurryup,man!Idon'twanttom9mytrain."Saidtheyoungman."AndIdon'twanttohaveana10."RepliedMr.Hartquietly.七.完形填空.WhileTomandMarywereonholidayattheseaside,theyenjoyed1theseagulls(海鸥).They2alotabouttheselovelybirds.Theywilloftencomeclosetoyouwhenyouareeatinganything.Ifyou3piecesofbreadtothemtheyatoncesnatcheditup.Seagullsswimwell,buttheydonotoftendiveforfish.Theyarealsogoodat4withtheirwings.whenaseagullisintheskyheputshislegs5hisbody.Tomoftenwatchedthem6tothegroundbecausehelikedthewaythey7theairwiththeirwingsandbroughtdowntheirfeetbeforethey8theground.Marylikedtoseethemglidingoverthe9astheyoftendo,withoutmovingtheir10.butshedidn'tlikethenoisetheymake.1.A.catchingB.shootingC.watchingD.playing2.A.understoodB.learnedC.studiedD.thought3.A.threwB.tookC.sentD.thought4.A.swimmingB.flyingC.runningD.rising5.A.underB.aboutC.onD.in6.A.comeB.tocomeC.goD.togo\n7.A.heldB.beatC.putD.kept8.A.hitB.arrivedC.gotD.touched9.A.waterB.beachC.skyD.ground10.A.eyesB.feetC.legsD.wings【参考答案】一.1.worse2.Germans3.visitor4.beginning5.tomatoes6.sheep7.terribly8.enjoyable9.flight10.blown二.1.travellers2.inventions3.happy4.foreigner5.runner,finishing6.Healthy7.louder8.business9.farther10.longest三.1.B2.A3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C9.C10.D11.A12.B13.C14.B15.C16.B17.C18.A19.A20.D21.B22.B23.A24.B25.D四.1.from2.on3.with4.for5.from6.over7.off8.of9.from10.at五.1.A2.C3.D4.D5.B六.1.driver2.busy3.rest4.jumped5.fast6.way7.leaves8.traffic9.miss10.accident七.1.C2.B3.A4.B5.A6.A7.B8.D9.A10.D