初中定语从句讲解练习及答案 18页

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代硼从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子，汉语中常用'……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名翅，佳园，典，父a,副回，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themailwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(l)ThcboyswhoareplayingfootballarcfromClassOne.\n(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whotnyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityarcallhuru.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句亍中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)1livedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.\nwhose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Thcclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Thcclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法⑴不用that的情况⑶在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thutree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.⑵只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebu句型中，只用that,不用which。(b)在不定代词,如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that,不用which。\n(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(0先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.(g)为了避免重复.(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.\n那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词whv=forwhichJwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)Thehousewhere1livedtenycarsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.\n［注］表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。BvthetimevouarrivedinLondon,wehadstavedtherefortwoweeks.JJzJ到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotofIhnngnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。1.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.\n注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。Thisisthehouseinwhich1livedtwoyearsago.\nThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.\n\n练习（一）请分析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.1havesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.1().Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.All1everwantedtodowastraveling.\n二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisisthemanwantstosecyou.2.ThestudentjinswcrcdthequestionisZhangHua.3.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4.Theman1metyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunneryouarcaskingaboutisoverthere.7.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10..Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt1boughtyesterday.\n1.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.2.Thebookisonthetableismine.3.Thefilmtheyarctalkingaboutisveryinteresting.4.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.5.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?6.Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.(().TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What'sthenameoftheprogram.A.whicharclisteningB.youarclisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything\n)4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which)5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.which)6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.inthatD.who)7.Doyouknowthestudent?A.whom1oftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.that1oftentalk)8.1likethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who'sC.it'sD.its)9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit)1().TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that\n练习(二)1.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarcnotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefx)und.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowvoucanbeusedinothercontexts..A.howvouhaveobservedB.whatvouhaveobservedJJC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatvouhaveobservedJJ8.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.1’11tellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which1().Thattree,branchesarcalmostbare,isveryold.\nA.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.1haveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom'ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoarcagainst17.Didn'tvouseetheman?A.InoddedjustnowB.whom1noddedjustnow\nB.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherdav?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanythingtoyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs20.——“Howdoyoulikethebook?”——“lt'squitedifferentfrom1readlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwhohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22.Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarckept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which\n21.Antarcticwcknowver)rlittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich25.1Jsthethirdtimelatethismonth.A.thatvouarrivedB.whenvouarrivedC.thatyouvearrivedD.whenvou'vearrivedJJ/J26.Itwasin1969theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich27.MaythefourthisthedaywcChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich28.WcarcgoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where29.Thehotelduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.wcstavedatB.wherewestavedatJJC.wcstavedD.inthatwcstavedJJ3().Isitinthatfactory"RudFlag”carsarcproduccd?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that\n三选择1-5ADACC640ACABB［参考答案］1—5AADBA6-10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD