2019届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词课件(共90张PPT) 90页

2019 届二轮复习 语法专题 P7 Non-finite Verb Do the exercise individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1-4 named, to find, climbing, asking 5-8 to take, to return, developed, viewing 什么是非谓语动词？ 当句子中已经有谓语动词，而我们又要 表达不止一个动作概念时，其余的动词 可以使用非谓语形式表达。 非谓语动词包括 动词不定式 、 动词的 -ing 形式 和 动词的 -ed 形式 。 　 主语 表语 定语 宾语 补语 状语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ Ving √ √ √ √ √ √ Ved √ √ 　 √ √ 非谓语动词的句法功能： 类别 成分 1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do __________ (work) with students. 2. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ (go) for a swim? 3. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and __________ (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look. 4. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ___________ (do) to achieve the final success. 考点题例一 working going being reduced to be done 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing) 作宾语 这些动词有： mind, avoid, finish, escape, practise, suggest, consider, forbid, advise, risk, miss, delay, admit, appreciate, deny, endure, excuse, imagine, give up, be used to, devote to, look forward to, insist on, put off, feel like, be busy, be worth, keep on, waste / spend...(in) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. 等 1. 有些动词 只接 -ing 作宾语 ，不能接不定式作宾语，尤其是这些动词的 -ing 的复合结构形式，更要引起我们的注意。 a. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught . b. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. c. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. offer, learn, plan, demand, ask, beg, promise, agree, help, prepare, decide, choose, determine, refuse, dare, manage, wish, hope, expect, want, fail, pretend, order, cause, afford, seem, happen, warn 等。 2. 有些动词 只能接不定式作宾语 ，不能接 v-ing 作宾语。如： a. She pretended not to see me when I passed by. b. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. c. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. I like swimming , but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. 3. 有些动词可接 -ing 或不定式作宾语，且意义相差不大。 这类动词有： begin, love, like, continue, hate, propose, prefer 等。 一般来说，这些动词接 -ing 作宾语通常指抽象的、一般的行为；而接不定式则强调具体动作。 有些动词后面 既可接 -ing 又可接不定式作宾语 ，但接 V-ing 和不定式意义差别很大。试比较： remember doing remember to do forget doing forget to do regret doing regret to do 记得做过某事 记住要做某事 忘记做过某事 忘记要做某事 后悔做了某事 很遗憾要做某事 go on doing go on to do mean doing mean to do stop doing stop to do 继续做原来做的事 接着做另一件事 意味着要做某事 想要做某事 停止做某事 停下来（别的事）开始做某事 try doing try to do be used to doing be used to do can’t help doing can’t help to do 试着做某事 努力做某事 习惯于做某事 被用来做某事 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事 ① She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. ② — The light in the office is still on. — Oh, I forgot to turn it off. ③ — I usually go there by train. — Why not try going by boat for a change? ④ — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. — Well, now I regret having done that. 4. 在动词 allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider 后直接跟 -ing 作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用 to do 做宾补。 即： allow/ permit/ forbid/ advise/ consider sb. to do sth. doing sth. 如： Smoking is forbidden here so we don’t allow you to smoke . We don’t allow smoking in the hall. 5. 以下两组用法需要注意： need/ require/ want to be done -ing sb. to do sth. ( 需要 / 要求 / 想要 ) ( 需要 ) be worth + n./-ing n.( 表钱数或表价格的名词除外 ) being done be worthy of to be done 1. One learns a language by making mistakes and __________ (correct) them. 2. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from __________ (attack) in the South China Sea. 3. — How did you know the surprising news? — I happened __________ (cover) the event then. 举一反三 correcting being attacked to be covering 1. To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study __________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012. 2. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________ (hide) within the work. 3. The park was full of people, _________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 4. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 考点题例二 conducted enjoying hidden to change 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing, v-ed) 作定语 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends . ( b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you . Ⅰ to do 作定语 1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 2. 当被 the first, the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 3. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 注意比较： 1) Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ 2) Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式 to send 的动作执行者是 you ） （不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是 已被省略的 me 或 someone else ） Please pass me some paper to write _____. on 4. 也可用在 have … to do 和 there be 句型中。 There is no one to take care of her . I have no jewelry to wear . 5. 如果不定式是不及物动词 , 则后面需加上适当的介词。 building materials drinking water a walking stick a reading room a writing desk tiring music a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 Ⅱ -ing 作定语 建筑材料 = materials for building = water for drinking 饮用水 = a stick for walking 手杖 = a room for reading 阅览室 = a desk for writing 写字台 = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 1. 单个动词的 -ing 形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示 被修饰者的作用或功能 ，也可以表示 被修饰者的动作或状态 。 2. -ing 形式短语作定语时，放在所修 饰的 名词之后 ，并且在意思上相当于 一个 定语从句 。 They lived in a room facing the street . = They lived in a room that faces the street . 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚 款。 3. -ing 形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 His brother, working as a teacher , lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher , lives in Beijing. 他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze , had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze , had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻 轻摇曳。 单个 -ed 作定语 a. 及物动词 的 -ed 形式具有 被动 和 完成 意义。 b. 不及物动词 的 -ed 形式具有 主动 和 完成 意义。 a grown woman 一位成年妇女 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯 a broken cup 一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员 Ⅲ -ed 作定语 2. -ed 短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。 a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year 去年生产的彩色电视机 b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信 The boy injured (=who was injured) in the accident was taken to hospital. 2) Some of the people invited (=who were invited) to the party can’t come. 3) Most of the goods made (=which are made) in the factory are exported. More examples: 4) The window broken (=which was broken) in the storm has now been repaired. 5) Have you finished the exercises given (=which were given) by Mr. Li? 6) The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called (who is called) Mrs. Shen. 1. Last night, there were millions of people __________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 2. There’s a note pointed to the door __________ (say) when the shop will open again. 3. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras __________ (return) to our shop for quality problems. 4. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ___________ (stay) away. 举一反三 watching saying returned to stay 1. __________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying __________ (connect). 3. While waiting for the opportunity to get ___________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 考点题例三 Ignoring/ To ignore connected promoted 非谓语动词作主语和表语 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing) 作主语 Hating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 2) 用 it 作形式主语，将动词 -ing 形式放到后面 。 1) 直接置于句首 。 1. -ing 形式作主语时的位置 Ⅰ -ing 作主语 Getting mad at others mean s other people are getting control of my emotions! 如果我生别人的气，就意味着我让别人控制了自己的情绪。 2.-ing 形式作主语， 谓语动词 用 单数 。 To keep smiling is healthy for you. It ’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 单个不定式作主语 时 , 谓语动词用单数 。 若 不定式太长 ，往往用 it 作形式主语 , 不定式后置 。 Ⅱ to do 作主语 -ing 所表示的动作 比较抽象 ，或者是 习惯性 的；而 to do 多表示 比较具体的动作 ，特别是 将来的动作 。 Painting is his hobby. 绘画是他的爱好。 ( 抽象 ) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 ( 具体 ) Ⅲ -ing 和 to do 作主语的区别 1. 用动词 -ing 形式或不定式作主语时，要注意 主语和表语的一致 。即当表语是动词 -ing 形式时，主语也要用动词 -ing 形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。如： Seeing is believing . = To see is to believe . 眼见为实。 2. 在 It’s no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth. 等句型中一般用 -ing 形式，而不用不定式。 在 It is important/necessary/easy to do sth. ， It is + adj. + for (of) sb. + to do sth. 等句型中通常只能用不定式，而不使用 -ing 形式。 It is no good keeping this secret. 此事不公开没有什么好处。 It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们真是太好了。 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing, v-ed) 作表语 My job is teaching English in a middle school. My job today is to water all the flowers in the garden. -ing 形式 表示 抽象的、经常性的动作或一般情况 。 动词不定式 表示 具体的、一次性或将要发生的动作 。 Ⅰ -ing 形式和 to do 都可作表语 The film is exciting . 这部电影激动人心。 He is excited at the news. 听到这个消息他激动不已。 -ing 形式意为“ 令人 …… 的 ” ； -ed 形式意为“ 感到 …… 的 ”。 Ⅱ -ing 形式和 -ed 形式都可作表语 remain 作“ 仍然是 ”讲，后面可加 -ing 或 -ed 形式 作表语。 She remains standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. The true author of the book remains unknown . 1. ___________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 2. It’s standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer. 3. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ___________ (go) wrong with it. 4. __________ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 举一反三 Understanding to employ to have gone Hearing 1. __________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 2. __________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 3. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, __________ (turn) the old town into a dreamland. 4. The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ___________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. 考点题例四 To make Ordered turning making 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing, v-ed) 作状语 He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard . Bob took down my telephone number so as/ in order not to forget it. 1) 表示目的 : to in order to so as to Ⅰ to do 作状语 2) 表示原因 : 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作 状语 , sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed 等。 I’m glad / pleased to see you . We were surprised to hear the news . so + adj. / adv. + as to do … such + n. + as to do … adj. / adv. + enough + to do too + adv. / adj. + to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. 3) 结果状语 : Ⅱ-ing 作状语 形式与意义： 语法功能： (1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. (2) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. (4)(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. =When he heard the news, he got frightened. (5)The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果 时间，可以在分词前保留 when 条件 原因 伴随 可以表示 时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随动作 等。 让步 -ing 形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。 Check the sentences. Looking out of the window, a cat was walking along the wall. Looking out of the window, we saw a cat walking along the wall. Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 Water boils, heated to 100℃. 水加热到 100 度就沸腾。 (When it is) (when it is) 1. 作时间状语 Ⅲ -ed 作状语 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 (and she was) (He was) 2. 作伴随状语 Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不 到了。 Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 (As/Because it has been) (Because he was) 3. 作原因状语 Tired , he went on working. Punished by the parents, he won’t come again. (Although he was) (If he is) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 4. 作让步、条件状语 在使用 -ed 形式作状语时要特别注意 -ed 的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语 ，其逻辑主语与 -ed 的关系是 被动关系 。 If given enough time, we could have finished the work. If (we had been) given enough time, … ______ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful. ______ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful. Seen Seeing 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。 这里第一句 seen 的逻辑主语是 school ，其关系是 被动 关系；第二句 seeing 的逻辑主语是 we ，其关系是 主动 关系。 __________ (compare) Shanghai with Xi’an, we found Shanghai is larger. __________ (compare) with Xi’an, Shanghai is larger. Comparing Compared The teacher came in, _________ (follow) by a group of students. A group of students came in, __________ (follow) the teacher. 主谓关系 用 -ing ， 动宾关系 用 -ed 。 followed following ________ (read) carefully, he found something he had not known before.________ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. -ing 多强调动作的 主动、进行 ，而 -ed 则多强调动作的 完成、被动 。 Reading Written 这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： absorbed in, dressed in, faced with, born, hidden, lost in, seated, stationed, tired of 。 Absorbed in painting , John didn’t notice evening approaching. Dress ed in white , his little daughter looks more like a doctor than a cook. 有些 -ed 因来源于系表结构， 作状语时不表示被动 。 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但 有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语 ，在句子中作 状语 ，我们称之为 独立主格结构 。 特点： 1) 一般有 逗号 与句子分开； 2) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语 与句子的主语不同， 独立存在 ； 2) 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的 -ing/-ed/to do 是逻辑上的 主动或被动关系 。 The test finished (= When the test was finished), we began our holiday. Weather permitting (If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 构成： 名词 / 代词 + -ing/ -ed/ to do 被动关系 主动关系 主动关系 1. __________ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 2. Much time ___________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 3. ___________ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. 4. ___________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 举一反三 To catch spent Absorbed To learn 1. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ___________ (take) good care of at home. 2. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ___________ (perform) live is quite another. 3. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ___________ (speak) to the new students. 考点题例五 taken being performed to speak 考点梳理 非谓语动词 (to do, v-ing, v-ed) 作补语 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard . I expect you to give me some help . Ⅰ 接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组 warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force, advice, ask, forbid, encourage, prefer, intend, teach, require, wish 等 think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove, appoint, judge 等后常用“ to be ” 作宾补 / 主补。 People considered him to be a great leader. They found the answer to be quite satisfactory. Chinese food is considered to be the healthiest in the world. notice listen to hear watch 五看 see look at observe 二听 一感觉 : feel + sb. do sth. + sb. doing sth. + being done + done Ⅱ 非谓语动词作感官动词的宾补 正在被做 做 …… 正在做 … 被做 I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard an English song being sung by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard an English song sung by her many times. 主动完成 主动，正在进行 被动，正在进行 被动 Ⅲ 非谓语动词作使役动词的宾补 make + 宾语 + do 让 …… 做 …… done 让 …… 被做 let + 宾语 + do 让 …… 做 …… be done 让 …… 被做 He made his workers work 12 hours a day. He tried to make himself understood . Don’t let your child play with matches. Let the work be done immediately. have/get + 宾语 + (to) do 让 …… 做 …… doing sth. 使 …… 持续做某事 done 使 …… 被做 Tom had his leg broken into while he was away on holiday. He got me to post the letter for him. You’d better have your car running slowly. I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow. have sth. done 还表示“ 使 …… 遭受 …… ” Ⅳ 动词 leave, keep, find, catch 及 介词 with 后加非谓语动词 作复合宾语的情况 leave sb./sth. doing sth. 让 …… 一直 处于某种状态 sth. undone 留下某事未做 sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事 sth. to be done 留下某事要做 It’s wrong to leave the machine running . The guests left most of the dishes untouched , because they didn’t taste delicious. He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled . 主动，一直 / 持续进行 被动，完成 主动，将来 被动，将来 keep sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人 / 物一 直做某事 sb./sth. done 使某人 / 物被 …… find sb. doing 发现某人正在做某事 sb./sth. done 发现某人 / 物已经 sb./sth. (to be) 发现某人 / 物 …… catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某事 with sb./sth. doing 表主动且进行， 或表特征 sth. being doing 表被动且进行 sth. done 表被动且完成，或表状态 sth. to do 表示将来 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished , he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle , the newly elected president is having a hard time. Ⅴ 常用不定式作主语补足语的句型 sb./ sth. be said be believed be known be supposed be reported be considered be found be thought + to do + to have done + to be done + to have been done He is said to have gone abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. You’re supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 1. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________ (develop) after great effort. 2. When we saw the road ____________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 3. Let those in need ___________ (understand) that we will go all out to help them. 4. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________ (follow) them. 举一反三 developed blocked understand following ⑴ Complete the sentences with the proper forms of the given verbs. 1. There _________ (be) no seats, we had no choice but to stand. 2. This method is not perfect and requires ____________ (improve). 3. Mary stood up and went out, without ___________ (speak). 4. Everyone hopes that the __________ (bore) discussion can come to an end soon. 5. He was _________ (surprise) to find his room thoroughly cleaned. being improving/ to be improved speaking boring surprised 6. Yesterday morning I got up so late as __________ (be) late for school. 7. Don’t you think the movie is worth __________ (see)? 8. ___________ (get) up early is considered a good habit. 9. Seriously ____________ (damage), the bridge is no longer in use. 10. __________ (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination. to be seeing Getting damaged Having made (2) Correct the following sentences. 1. He could do nothing but to wait for the bus to come. __________ 　　　　　　 2. He sat there in silence, looked sad and doing nothing. __________ 　　　　　　 3. The girl devoted all her spare time to help others. _________ 　　　　　　 4. Anyone who arrives late will find himself shutting out of the concert. 　 __________ 　　　　　 5. In order to keep warm they had the engine work. __________ 　　　　　　 6. We look forward to be invited to attend the opening ceremony. 　 __________ 　　　　　　　　　 looking helping shut working being There was once a tiny star in space, next to its parents. She wanted to travel around by herself, but her parents told her that she was still too little _________ (do) it alone. One day, the star saw a little blue planet. It looked so lovely that the tiny star forgot her parents’ rules and went off __________ (get) a better look at it. But it flew so fast that she soon got _________ (lose). When she arrived in the blue planet, which was the Earth, the people wanted to catch her. She hid herself under a sheet. (3) Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. to get to do lost __________ (see) the sheet moving, everyone thought she was a ghost and ran off. The little star used the sheet to have fun, ___________ (scare) everyone she met. However, she began __________ (miss) her parents. She cried for a while, but then, she got an idea. As night fell, she went to a very high mountain and found a big rock. Looking up at the sky, she hid behind the rock, then came out, then hid again… ___________ (worry) about their child, her parents were looking for her everywhere. They saw her light __________ (appear) and disappearing off in the distance. They flew to find her. __________ (have) adventure, the little star learnt many things... Seeing Worrying appearing scaring Having had missing Thank you.