【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词（13页word版） 13页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题代词 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 类别 功能 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 作主语、表语 I we you you he she it they 宾格 作宾语、‎ 同位语、表语 me us you you him her it them 形容词性 物主代词 作定语 my our your your his her its their 名词性 物主代词 作主语、表 语或宾语 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词 作宾语、表 语或同位语 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves ‎1.人称代词 ‎(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下两种情况：‎ ‎①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。‎ ‎—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.‎ ‎—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.‎ ‎——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。‎ ‎——为什么我去？约翰坐在那里什么也没做。‎ ‎②含比较级的句子中than, as后用主格、宾格都可以。‎ He is taller than me．‎ 他比我高。‎ 但在下列句子中有区别：‎ I like Jack as much as her.＝ I like both Jack and her.‎ 我喜欢杰克，也喜欢她。‎ I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.‎ 我喜欢杰克，她也喜欢他。‎ ‎(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：‎ 在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。‎ You, she and I will be in charge of the case.‎ 我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。‎ ‎2．物主代词 ‎(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前，作定语。‎ ‎(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、表语、宾语或与of连用作定语。‎ I am an admirer of yours.‎ 我是你的粉丝。‎ ‎3．反身代词 ‎ devote oneself to　　　　　　　 致力于 dress oneself 自己穿衣 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃，随便用 ‎ hide oneself 把自己藏起来 make oneself at home 不受拘束 ‎ say to oneself 心里想 seat oneself 坐下 ‎ teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 恢复知觉 behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌 apply oneself to 致力于 by oneself 独自地 ‎ of oneself 自动地　　‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　 　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt ________(I)，” says Pahlsson.‎ 解析：myself　句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.‎ 解析：its　句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。‎ ‎③(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop.” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's_______ (I)．”‎ 解析：me/mine　根据上文语境可知，此处的It如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my ‎ second year of high school ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ 解析：your→my　此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. ‎ 解析：your→our　根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. ‎ 解析：yourself→myself　根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。‎ ‎④(2016·四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.‎ 解析：her→his　由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。‎ ‎⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.‎ 解析：saw后加his　根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。‎ it的用法 ‎1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。‎ It is twenty miles from here to the village.(表示距离)‎ 从这里到那个村庄有‎20英里路。‎ ‎2．代替前面提过的事物。‎ ‎—What's in the picture？图画里是什么？‎ ‎—It is a cat.是一只猫。‎ ‎3．当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可用it来表示。‎ Is it a boy or a girl?‎ 是男孩还是女孩？‎ ‎4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。常用于下列句型：‎ ‎(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：‎ ‎①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋不定式 ‎②It is no good/no use/useless/of no use doing sth.‎ ‎③It's (well) worth doing sth.‎ ‎④It＋be＋名词短语(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)/adj.＋that从句 ‎⑤It＋特殊动词(seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb./...)＋that从句 ‎⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 ‎⑦It＋takes＋(sb.) some time/some money to do sth.‎ ‎(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：‎ ‎①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋adj./n. (for/of sb.) to do/从句 ‎②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy ...)＋doing ...‎ ‎③主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential/clear＋that ... (should) ...‎ It is the teachers' duty to teach the students.‎ 教学生是老师的职责。‎ I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.‎ 我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。‎ ‎5．用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。‎ I'd appreciate it if you could attend our party.‎ 如果你能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________every day.‎ 解析：it　此处用it指代上文的“the railway”。‎ ‎②(2015·浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.‎ 解析：them→it　a beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代。‎ ‎③(2014·广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said ________was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ 解析：it　从空格后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可知，这个地方就是Miami，故填it指代前面提到的地点。‎ ‎④(2014·辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let________stay in the air for seconds.‎ 解析：it　句意：抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟。此处填it指代前面出现的“your leg”。‎ 不定代词 ‎1．both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法 ‎　　　　　　　词义 指代　　　　　　　‎ 都 任何 都不 两个人或物 both either neither 三个或三个以上的 人或物；不可数名词 all any none I've bought two books; you can have either.‎ 我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。‎ I'm sorry I can't lend you any (money)．‎ 对不起，我不能借给你(钱)。‎ None of this money is mine.‎ 这笔钱没有一点是我的。‎ ‎[名师指津]　any 表示“一些”，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中；用于肯定句中，表示“任何的或任何一个”。‎ Any child can do that.任何一个孩子都能做到。‎ ‎2．one, another, the other, some, others, the others的用法 一个/一些 另外一个/一些 剩余的一个/一些 单数 one another the other 复数 some others the others I don't like this hat. Please show me another one.‎ 我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。‎ I have two books: one is English, and the other is French.‎ 我有两本书，一本是英语的，另一本是法语的。‎ There are many books on the table. Some are English, and the others are Chinese.‎ 桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的，其余的是汉语的。‎ ‎3．none, nobody/no one, nothing的用法 指代 用来回答 相当于 none 人或物 how many/much not a/an/any＋名词或“no＋名词”‎ nobody/no one 人 who not anyone/‎ not anybody nothing 物 what not anything ‎—How much money do you have？你有多少钱？‎ ‎—None.一点也没有。‎ I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment.我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。‎ ‎—What are you doing now？你现在在做什么？‎ ‎—Nothing.什么也没做。‎ ‎[名师指津]　none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。‎ None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.‎ 他们中没有人知道那项计划，因为那还是个秘密。‎ ‎4．many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法 不同点 相同点 many/much many修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词 两者都表示“许多”‎ few/little few修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词 用于否定句，表示“几乎没有”‎ a few/a little a few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词 用于肯定句，表示“一些”‎ He can speak a little French, but he knows little English.‎ 他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。‎ ‎5．不定代词用于固定搭配中 nothing but　　　　　　 仅仅，只是 anything but 决不 something of 有几分，略微 or something 诸如此类的人或物 all but 几乎，差不多 every other day 每隔一天 each other (两者)互相 one another (三者或三者以上)互相 ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句改错 ‎①(2015·陕西高考)My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. ‎ 解析：anything→something　something一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”；anything一般用在疑问句和否定句中，表示“任何事”。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。‎ ‎②(2015·四川高考)We've been spending a lot of time singing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.‎ 解析：many→much　此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用much而非many。‎ ‎③(2014·陕西高考)Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky — they were like rain!‎ 解析：Neither→None　从后面的“they were like rain”可知，射出去的箭不止两支，因此应把Neither改为None。‎ ‎[专题过关训练] ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·辽宁沈阳二中模拟)When tea and coffee were first introduced to Europe in the 18th century, people had different ideas about their (they) use.‎ ‎2．It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.‎ ‎3．Yesterday evening, just before dusk, I spotted a pigeon badly tied up with a sharp string, hitting the wall and the tree branches, to free himself (he) from the kite string. ‎ ‎4．(2018·福建龙海二中模拟)Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to_another and are ready to try something else.‎ ‎5．(2018·陕西教学质量检测)All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of them (they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.‎ ‎6．Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.‎ ‎7．(2018·黄山模拟)Some great people can see possibilities where_others see only problems.‎ ‎8．(2018·湖南雅礼中学模拟)When we look at someone, maybe even ourselves (us), we see the external clay.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·芜湖模拟)At 10：00, we put on performances, like singing and dancing. Then they played games together！they→we ‎2．(2018·洛阳统考)My father is the man I respect most. Strict as he may be, he never fails to show her care and consideration.her→his ‎3．About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet, which helps him know about the latest news and current affairs in the world. him→them ‎4．(2018·攀枝花模拟)Finally, we put the figurines(面人) we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.去掉them ‎5．(2018·广东六校联考)It is possible that some of we may have a brother or sister.we→us ‎6．(2018·湖北八校联考)Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still couldn't find them.them→it Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 ‎1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”这两条旅行线路都值得推荐。(trip, recommend)‎ Of_the_two_trips_to_the_Yangtze_River_and_Mount_Tai,_both_are_highly_recommended.‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考书面表达)我写信告诉你最近我生活和学习的一些事。(recent)‎ I'm_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_life_and_study_in_recent_days.‎ ‎3．一些人支持这个观点，然而，其他人强烈反对它。(in favor of, strongly against)‎ Some_are_in_favor_of_the_idea;_however,_others_are_strongly_against_it.‎ ‎4．在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。(in one's opinion, obey, whatever)‎ In_my_opinion,_we_students_should_obey_the_regulations_of_our_school,_and_do_whatever_our_school_asks_us_to_do.‎ ‎5．你告诉我你是否方便好吗？(convenient)‎ Would_you_tell_me_if_it's_convenient_for_you?‎ ‎6．张老师是一位非常受人尊重的老师，一位我们一辈子都不会忘记的老师。(most, respected, one, for the rest of our lives)‎ Mr._Zhang_is_a_most_respected_teacher,_one_we'll_never_forget_for_the_rest_of_our_lives.‎ ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·郑州模拟)Flying cars may soon become a __1__ (real)．The rideshare service Uber has asked __2__ expert from NASA, the American space agency, __3__ (help) the company develop cars that can fly.‎ Uber plans to use flying vehicles __4__ the future to avoid traffic in and ‎ around cities.The company wants to use small, totally electric aircraft, __5__ could take off and land like a helicopter on top of parking garages.Uber said its flying vehicles would be much __6__ (quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ One person in San Francisco __7__ (write) on Twitter, “I used to think that the flying car was a ridiculous idea. __8__ I changed my mind this morning when I sat in heavy traffic.”Another person added from Mumbai, India：“I'm reading about Uber __9__ (hire) a NASA engineer to build flying cars, while I'm stuck in traffic.There is hope.”‎ The expert predicts there will be several early models of cars that can't fly __10__ (they) but with human pilots within one to three years.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国公司Uber对飞行汽车的研究情况。‎ ‎1．reality　冠词后面应用名词，此处表示“飞行汽车将成为现实”。‎ ‎2．an　此处指来自NASA的一名专家。expert为可数名词，且在此为单数，expert的读音以元音音素开头，此处为泛指，所以填an。‎ ‎3．to help　Uber公司要求来自NASA的一位专家去帮助公司开发能飞行的汽车，故用to help。ask sb. to do sth.“请求某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．in　固定短语in the future意为“在将来”。‎ ‎5．which　先行词为aircraft，非限制性定语从句的关系词代指物，应用which，不能用that。‎ ‎6．quieter　根据下文的“than”可知，此处为比较级。‎ ‎7．wrote　一位在旧金山的人在Twitter网站上写文章。事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．But　used to do意为“过去常常”，含有“现在不这样”的意思，故此处表示转折。过去认为(研制)飞行汽车是个荒谬的主意，但是今天早上当我被困在拥堵的交通中时，我改变了想法。‎ ‎9．hiring　hire与其逻辑主语Uber之间是主动关系，且与句子谓语之间没有连词，故用现在分词hiring。‎ ‎10．themselves　此处指“several early models of cars”，故用反身代词，表示“汽车模型自己飞行”。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·惠州模拟)It is my grandfather's eighty birthday today.As usual, all my family got together to celebrate him. We bought him a lot of present, and my father prepared a big birthday cake. At the dinner party, we sing the Happy Birthday song. He made a wish happy before he blew the candies out.With a surprise gift, I cooked a dish for him. As I had never cooked before, he was so surprised that the dish was served. My grandfather said that it was the better birthday gift he had received. Actually, my mother helped me cooked it and I had been practiced for several days.‎ 答案：第一句：eighty→eightieth 第二句：him→it或去掉him 第三句：present→presents 第四句：sing→sang 第五句：happy→happily 第六句：With→As 第七句：that→when 第八句：better→best 第九句：cooked→cook; 去掉been