[工学]foodandculture 57页

Eattoliveandnotlivetoeat.(Livenottoeat,buteattolive.)Muchmeat(food),muchmalady(疾病).Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。（活着不是为了吃，吃是为了活。）吃多病多，食多伤身。苹果天天尝，不劳医生开药方。甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜。\nNewCollegeEnglishUnitOneFood\nVegetableeggplantmushroomcorncarrotbroccoli\nMOUTHWATERINGVegetablebeet;spinach;celery;甜菜；菠菜；大头菜；芹菜；甘蓝cauliflower;asparagus;cabbage;花菜；笋；欧芹；卷心菜lettuce;eggplant;onion;garlic;莴笋；茄子；豆角；洋葱；大蒜carrot;pea;cucumber;萝卜；红萝卜；青椒；豌豆；黄瓜potato;tomato;pumpkin;土豆；西红柿；蘑菇；南瓜；豆子sprout;bittergourd豆芽；苦瓜\nMOUTHWATERINGVegetableBeet;spinach;celery;甜菜；菠菜；芹菜；cauliflower;asparagus;cabbage;花菜；笋；卷心菜lettuce;eggplant;onion;garlic;莴笋；茄子；洋葱；大蒜pea;cucumber;豌豆；黄瓜potato;tomato;pumpkin;土豆；西红柿；南瓜；sprout;bittergourd豆芽；苦瓜\nFruitstrawberryapplegrapecherry\nMOUTHWATERINGFruitFig;apricot;grapefruit;lychee;papaya;无花果；杏；葡萄；荔枝；木瓜coconut;persimmon椰子；蜜瓜；柿子pear;peach;banana;苹果；梨；桃；葡萄；香蕉plum;mango;orange;watermelon;李子；芒果；橙；西瓜lemon;；樱桃；草莓\nMOUTHWATERINGFruitFig;apricot;grapefruit;lychee;papaya;无花果；杏；葡萄；荔枝；木瓜coconut;persimmon椰子；柿子pear;peach;banana;梨；桃；香蕉plum;mango;orange;watermelon;李子；芒果；橙；西瓜lemon;柠檬；\nchickenbeefporkmuttonMeat\nMOUTHWATERINGMeatpork;beef;lamb;chicken;mutton;猪肉；牛肉；羊羔肉；鸡肉；羊肉bacon;turkey;Chop;sausage;咸肉；火鸡；排骨；香肠roast;fish;ham;duck;veal烤肉；鱼肉；火腿；鸭肉；小牛肉\nMOUTHWATERINGMeatpork;beef;lamb;chicken;mutton;猪肉；牛肉；羊羔肉；鸡肉；羊肉bacon;turkey;Chop;sausage;咸肉；火鸡；排骨；香肠roast;fish;ham;duck;veal烤肉；鱼肉；火腿；鸭肉；小牛肉\nDrinkteaorangejuicebeermilk\nMOUTHWATERINGDrinksbeer;whitewine;redwine;champagne;啤酒；白葡萄酒；红葡萄酒；香槟酒cocktail;liqueur;whisky;brandy;vodka鸡尾酒；白酒；威士忌；白兰地；伏特加tea;coffee;milk;juice;lemonade差；咖啡；牛奶；果汁；柠檬汁mineralwater;sodawater;Cokecola;Pepsi;Sprite;矿泉水，苏打水；可口可乐；百事可乐；雪碧\nDrinksbeer;whitewine;redwine;champagne;啤酒；白葡萄酒；红葡萄酒；香槟酒cooktail;liqueur;whisky;brandy;vodka鸡尾酒；白酒；威士忌；白兰地；伏特加tea;coffee;milk;juice;lemonade茶；咖啡；牛奶；果汁；柠檬汁mineralwater;sodawater;Cokecola;Pepsi;Sprite;矿泉水，苏打水；可口可乐；百事可乐；雪碧MOUTHWATERING\nHowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?1)Whichfoodgivesusalotofenergythemostrapidly?A.cereal(谷类食品)B.meatC.fruitandvegetableDirections:Hereisaquestionnaireaboutfoodanddiet.Answerthequestionstofindouthowmuchyouknowaboutfood.A解析：最快供给人体能量的食物是谷类食品，因而选A。\nHowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?2)Whichofthefollowinghelpstobuildourbodies?A.cerealB.meatC.fruitandvegetable3)Whichofthefollowingismostfattening?A.brownbreadB.boiledpotatoC.saltedpeanutB解析：最有助于身体发展的食品是肉类，因而选B。C解析：最富含脂肪的食品是咸花生，因而选C。\nHowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?4)Whichofthefollowingdowegetalotofvitaminsfrom?A.cerealB.meatC.fruitandvegetable5)Peopleoftendamagetheirhealthbyeatingtoomuch_____.A.breakfastcerealB.fattyfoodC.frozenvegetableCB解析：人体可从水果和蔬菜中摄取大量维生素，因而选C。解析：摄入过多的高脂肪食物有损健康，因而选B。C项frozenvegetable指速冻蔬菜。\nHowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?6)Whichofthefollowingcanalsobethemostdangeroustoourhealth?A.saltB.teaC.milk7)Orangesaregoodfruitbecausetheycontainalotof______.A.vitaminAB.vitaminBC.vitaminCA解析：盐也对健康不利，因而选A。C解析：柑桔是健康食品，因为它富含维生素C，因而选C。\nHowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?8)VitaminCisgoodforyoubecauseit_____.A.makesyourhairgrowB.helpstofightcoldsC.helpsyoutoseeinthedark9)Greenvegetablelikecabbageneedstobecooked_______.A.thoroughlyB.withlotsofwaterC.lightlyBC解析：维生素C对人体有益，因为它有助于增强机体的抗寒能力，因而选B。解析：绿色蔬菜如卷心菜宜快速烹调，因而选C。\n10)Ifyouliveinacoldclimateyouneedalotof_____.A.fatB.breadC.coffeeA解析：住在寒冷气候下的人需要摄入大量的脂肪，因而选A。HowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?\n0—3Youhavelittleideaaboutwhattoeattokeephealthy.Youneedtofindoutquickly.4—7Youhavesomeideaaboutwhattoeattokeephealthy,butneedtoenlargeyourmind.8—10Youhaveagoodknowledgeofwhatyoushouldeatandshouldnoteat.Butwhatdoyoueat?Thenumberofyourrightanswersmaymean:HowMuchDoYouKnowAboutFood?\nChineseFoodCulturevs.WesternFoodCultureTasteNutritionUnionSeparationImprovisationstandardization\nTablemannersandtaboosEatingisanimportantpartofculture.Peoplehavedevelopedmanycustomsandtaboos(禁忌)abouttablemanners.Therefore,someknowledgeofthetablewillhelpyoufeelateaseandavoidembarrassmentatadinnerparty.\nTablemannersTablemannersTobringasmallgiftwhenyougotoadinnerparty.Flowersarealwaysnice,oryoumightbringabottleofwineifyouknowthatthefamilydrinkit.2.Trytorelaxatthedinnertable.Ifyouareconfusedaboutchoosingthecorrectfork,knife,orspoon,justwatchtheotherguest,andfollowthem.\nTablemannersTablemanners3.Asahostorhostess,beforeservingdinner,whileyourguestsmakesmalltalkinthelivingroom,offerthemdrinks.Thosewhodrinkalcoholmightlikeliquororwine,butbesuretoprovidesoftdrinksandfruitjuiceforpeoplewhodon’t\n1.Don’tsitatatablewhereotherpeoplearealreadysitting,forpeopleseldomsharethetablewithstrangersinrestaurantsinwesterncountries.2.Donotleaveyournapkin(paperorcloth)onthetable.Putitonyourlapwhereit’ssupposedtoprotectyourclothesfromspilledfoodorusedtowipeyourhandsormouthwhennecessary.Don’tputthenapkinonthetablewhenyoumustleavetemporarilyduringthemeal.Itshouldbeputonyourchair.Thenapkinshouldbeputbackonthetableonlywhenthemealisfinished.TaboosattheTable\nTaboosattheTable3.Don’tbendoveryourfood.Keeptheplateclosetoyouandpullupyourchairsothatyoudon’thavetoleanforward.Situpstraightallthetime.4.Don’tbiteasmallpieceoutofalargepieceoffoodandreturntheresttoyourplate.Cutasmallpieceeachtime.5.Don’tliftyourplateorsaucerfromthetable.\nTaboosattheTableDon’tdip(蘸，浸)bread,doughnuts(炸面圈),cookies,etcintotea,milkoranyotherliquidfood.7.Don’tdrinksouporotherliquidsoutofabowl.Useaspoon.Don’tmakenoisewhenyouarechewing.Closeyourmouthwheneating.Whenyoueatyoursoup,don’tsipitfromyourspoon,butswallowitallinonemouthful.8.Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull.Neverblowfoodtocoolit.\nTaboosattheTableDonotputyourownutensils(forexample,knife,spoon)intoservingbowl.Usetheutensilinthebowl(generallyalargespoonorfork)toputsomeofthefoodonyourownplace,andthenreturntheservingutensiltothebowl.10.Donotreachacrossthetableorinfrontofanotherperson.Asksomeonetopasswhateveryouwant.Don’ttrytoreachforthesaltorpepperinfrontofothers.Askyourneighbortopassit.\nTaboosattheTable11.Don’ttaketoomuchfoodonyourfork,foritisgenerallyconsideredbadmannerstoopenone’smouthwideatmeals.12.Don’tleavetheseeds,bonesorfoodyoudon’twanttoeatonthetable.Leavethemonyourplate.\n13.betterfinishadrinktoshowthatyouhaveenjoyedit.Don’tleavesalittlefoodordrink.TaboosattheTable\nChineseCuisine\nhttp://www.Chinesecuisine.com\nMOUTHWATERINGRice&Noodles米饭面点类YangZhouFriedRice扬洲炒饭;SteamedRice白米饭;Dumpling;饺子;steamedbun花卷\nMOUTHWATERINGRice&Noodles米饭面点类YangZhouFriedRice扬洲炒饭;SteamedRice白米饭;Dumpling;饺子;steamedbun花卷\nMOUTHWATERINGMethodsofCookingFoodSteamed;fried;braised;boiled;roast蒸；炒；炖；煮；烤MethodsofcuttingDiced;sliced;shredded;minced丁；片；丝；末\nMOUTHWATERINGMethodsofCookingFoodSteamed;fried;braised;boiled;roast蒸；炒；炖；煮；烤MethodsofcuttingDiced;sliced;shredded;minced丁；片；丝；末\ncookingwine(料酒)soy-sauce(酱油)vinegar(醋)sesameoil(香油)ginger(姜)gourmetpowder(味精)salt(盐)mustard(芥末)pepper(胡椒)WordsforIngredientsinFoods:\nChineseCuisineFished-flavoredPork鱼香肉丝;TwiceCookedPork回肉锅;肉;ShreddedPorkwithgreenpepper椒肉丝;Sweetandsourspareribs;糖醋排骨\nMOUTHWATERINGChineseCuisineFished-flavoredPork鱼香肉丝;TwiceCookedPork回肉锅;ShreddedPorkwithgreenpepper青椒肉丝;Sweetandsourspareribs;糖醋排骨\nFrenchCuisine\ngooseliverFrenchcakeredwineFrenchCuisine\nU.S.FastFood\nWhichcountry’sfooddoyoulikebest,Chinesefood,FrenchfoodorU.S.fastfood?Why?Discussions\nSampleAnswersIloveChinesefoodI:varioustypes(examples)II:animportantcommunicationtoolIII:alonghistory\nfastfoodfast-pacedlifeFrenchfooddelicate,elegant,romantic\nPre-ReadingQuestionsWhydoyoueatcertainfoodsandwhydon’tyoueatcertainfoods?2.Whatdoyouthinkfoodlikesanddislikesrelatedto?3.Findoutfoodtaboosinthepassage.\ngoodtoeatbadtoeatlikesanddislikesculture,nutrition\nculture(文化)…peoplefromonecultureoftenthinkthefoodsthatpeoplefromanothercultureeataredisgustingornauseating.(Line2)令人作呕的\nnutrition（营养）V.S.\ntaboo（禁忌）TabooisawordfromthelanguageoftheFijiIslandsthatisusedtodescribesomethingthatisforbidden.(Line18)\nIndia…thecows...nooneinIndiawillkillthemoreatthem.Itistabootodoso.(Line25)TheU.S.…protectionagainstcriminalsmakesthedogtabooasfood.（Line38）AncientEgypt&Israel…alsoregardedporkastaboo.(Line41)\nOutlinePartI:Para.1-2PartII:Para.3PartIII:Para.4-6PartV:Para.7Foodlikesanddislikesarerelatedtoculture,nutrition.Foodlikesanddislikesdonotalwaysseemrelatedtonutrition.Therearefoodtaboosincertainculturesandthereasonsforthetaboos.Anthropologistsbelievethatmostfoodlikesanddislikesarearesultofthewaysoflifeofdifferentpeople.\nConclusionthemeThispassagetellsustherelationbetweenfoodandculture,andgivesussomereasonswhytheyhavedifferentdislikes.Foodlikesanddislikesareoftenrelatedtoculture,nutrition,religion,andtheyaretheresultofthewaysoflifeofdifferentpeople.\nAssignmentWriteanarticleaboutyourownandyourclassmates’eatinghabits.thesimilaritiesthedifferences\nSampleTwokindsofdietsStudentABreakfast:twobaozi,acupofmilk,oneeggLunch:rice,fish,beef,chickensoupSupper:jiaozi,pork,fishsoupStudentBBreakfast:someporridge,oneboiledegg,onemantouLunch:rice,vegetables,beancurdSupper:noodles,potato,eggsoup\nTheEnd！