语言学试题 18页

1.1.    Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisnottrue?A.LanguageisasystemB.LanguageissymbolieC.Animalsalsohavelanguages.DLanguageisarbitrary2.WhichofthefollowingchoicesisNOTaconstituent?A.IlikethesongB.IC.SongD.Like3.Ofthefollowingsoundconbinations,onlyispermissible.A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk4.Therelationbetweenthedeterminmer”this”andthenoun“man”inthephrase“thisman”isA.govermentB.concordC.bindingD.paradigmatic5.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPisnostlyshowninaformula“SNP+VP”A.A.   HierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.vertical6.”Big”and“small”areapairofopposites.A.complementaryB.gradableC.completeD.converse7.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisexocentric?A.womenandmenB.onthetableC.acleverboyD.anuglyman8.Arbitrarinessoflanguagewasfirstdiscussedby.A.ChomskyB.HallidyC.FirthD.Saussure\n9.WhichpairofwordsisNOTaminimalpair?A.cat/batB.put/butC.jig/pigD.sit/bit10.WhichfunctionisthemajorroleofLanguage?A.InformativeB.InterpersonalC.PerformativeD.Emotive11.Iftwosoundsareincomplementarydistribution,theyareofthesamephoneme.A.symbolsB.allophonesC.phonesD.signs 12.WhichbranchofstudycannotbeincludedinthescopeofLinguistics?A.SyntaxB.PragmaticsC.PhoneticsD.Anthropology13.Atomisawordoforigin.A.LatinB.GreekC.ArabicD.Spanish14.Thedistinctionoflangueandparoleismadeby.A.HallB.SapirC.ChomskyD.Saussure15.areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.A.RootsB.StemsC.AffixesD.Compounds16.isthestudyoftherelationshipbetweensymbolsandtheirinterpreter.A.SyntaxB.SemanticsC.AffixesD.Compounds17.isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenouns(number,gender,case,etc)andverbs(tense,aspect,voice,etc).A.PartsofspeechB.WordclassesC.CategoriesD.Functionsofwords\n18.Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”are.A.homophonesB.homographsC.completehomonymsD.allophones19.Thefunctionoflanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulusesoflanguagebecauseitissocrucialinchangingtheemotionalstatusofanaudiencefororagainstsomeoneorsomething.A.performativeB.phaticC.recreationalD.emotive20.Thetermmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchroniclinguisticsB.comparativelinguisticsC.diachroniclinguisticsD.historicalcomparativelinguistics21.examineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguage.A.SemanticsB.SyntaxC.PragmaticsD.Morphology22.Saussuredistinguishesthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakeras.A.paroleB.languageC.systemD.langue 23.Thisfundamentaldistinctionbetweencompetenceisdiscussedby.A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.Austin24.Anaffixcanbeaddedtocertaintypeoftoformanewword.\nA.infixB.affixC.stemD.word25.Inasentence,whichofthefollowingisusuallyNOTstressed?A.Nouns.B.Verbs.C.Prepositions.D.Adj.26.Themaximofrequiresthataparticipant’scontributionberelevanttotheconversation.A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation27.Therelationshipbetween“meat”and“meet”is.A.synonymyB.antonymyC.polysemyD.homonymy28.Thatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenlanguageandtherealworldistheviewofconcerningthestudyofmeaning.A.namingB.conceptualistC.contextualistD.behaviorist29.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage?A.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.C.Lettersandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols.30.30.Wherearethevocalcords?A.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.C.Lettersandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols.31.31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?A.Languageisameansofmeansofverbalcommunication.B.Languageissomearbitrarysymbols.C.Thelanguagesystemisuniquetohumanbegins.D.Languageisyettobeunderstand.32.32.studiesthesoundsystemsinacertainlanguage.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD.Syntax33.33.isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.\nA.RootB.AllomorphC.MorphemeD.Word30.34.Aspeaker'sactualutteranceinChomsky'sterminologyiscalled.A.deepstructureB.linguisticuniversalsC.universalgrammarC.surfacestructure31.35.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalledword.A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple32.36.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis.A.generallinguisticsB.PhonologyC.semanticsD.morphology33.37.Leechdividedmeaningsintotypes.A.4B.5C.6D.734.38.Englishhasmanagedtowidenhervocabularybyborrowingwordsfromotherlanguagesexcept.A.FrenchB.KoreanC.LatinD.Greek35.39.Distinctivefeaturesareusedtodescribe.A.phonesB.phonologyC.AllophonesD.phonemes36.40.TheEnglishword"untouchable"iscomposedofmorphemes.A.fourB.threeC.twoD.five37.41.Theprocessbywhichwordsareformedbyputtingtheinitiallettersofseveralwordstogetheriscalled.A.A.compoundingB.clippingC.acronymD.blending42.“TheAdam'sApple”is.A.akindofappleB.relatedtoAdamC.thefrontpartoflarynxD.onthetopoflarynx43.Thefounderofmodernlinguisticsis.A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.Saussure44.44.Modernlinguisticsfocusesonthepresentdaylanguage,anditwillbepossibletodescribelanguagesfromaperspective.A.sociologicalB.synchronicC.diachronicD.Psychological\n45.Thefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare.A.extension,narrowing,meaningshiftandclassshiftB.extension,generalization,elevationanddegradationC.extension,narrowing,specializationanddegradationD.extension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradation46.Intheproductionofconsonantsatleastarticulators{发音器官}areinvolved.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.psychological47.Thebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyis.A.theinternalstructureB.morphemeC.therulesbywhichwordsareformedD.word48.Therelationbetween"food"and"bread"iscalled.A.SynonymyB.polysemyC.homonymyD.Hyponymy49.Voicelesssoundsareproducedwhenthevocalfoldsare.A.closedB.apartC.totallyclosedD.completelyopen50.50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?A.PencilboxB.UnreasonableC.DeadlineD.Upstairs51.involvemorethanonemannersofarticulation.A.StopsB.FricativesC.AffricatesD.Laterals52.52.WhichisNOTtrueforthevowel[i]?A.HighB.UnroundedC.MidD.Front53.Thesentence"Iapologize!"belongstothecategoryofaccordingtothespeechacttheory.A.expresstiveB.performativeC.representativeD.Constative54.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof.A.languageofacertainindividualB.theEnglishLanguageC.humanLanguageingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguage55.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin.A.theplaceofarticulationB.theobstructionof\nairstreamsC.thepositionofthetongueD.Theshapeofthelips56.studieshowspeechsoundsaremade,transmittedandreceived.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.PhonemeD.Phonics57.soundsareproducedwiththebackofthetongueandthesoftpalate.A.VelarB.PalatalC.GottalD.Alveolar58.isconcernedwiththestudyoftheactualuseoflanguageincommunication.A.SociolinguisticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Synchroniclinguistics59.59.Whereistheprimarystressoftheword"phonology"?A.phoB.noC.loD.gy60.referstotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.A.LocutinaryactB.IllocutinaryactC.PerlocutionaryactD.Speechact61.61.Whichofthefollowingwordsisbuiltbyabbreviation?62.62.Whichofthefollowingwordsisbuiltbyabbreviation?A.SmogB.FridgeC.MotelD.Edit63.63.WhatisthefullfromofLAD?A.LanguageassociativedistrictB..LanguageacquisitiondistrictC..LanguageassociativedeviceD.Languageacquisitiondevice63.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword"man"canbeexpressedas.A.+animate,+human,+male,adultB.+animate,+human,+male,+adultC.+animate,+human,-male,-adultD.+animate,+human,-male,+adult64.A{n}isthesmallestunitofsoundinalanguage,whichcandistinguishtwowords.A.morphemeB.soundC.phonemeD.allophone65.Productivityisoneofthefeaturesoflanguages.A.distinctiveB.designC.SuprasegmentalD.pragmatic66.66.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthethreesounds:[b],[p],[m]?\nA.,VoicelessB.VoicedC.NasalD.Bilabial66.67.WhichofthefollowingitemsisNOToneofgrammaticalcategoriesofEnglishpronouns?A.GenderB.NumberC.CaseD.Voice67.68.Intheword"internationalism",whichpartistheroot?A.interB.nationC.alD.ism69."voicedfricativesvoiceless/voiceless''isa.A.phonologicalruleB.syntacticruleC.phrasestructureruleD.functionalrule70.70.Theword"pen"originallymeant"featherusedforwritingwithink".Nowitreferstoanydeviseusedforwritingwithink.Thisisanexampleof.A.degradationofmeaningB.broadeningofmeaningC.narrowingofmeaningD.elevationofmeaning  71.Theword“smog”isformedthrough______.A.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivation72.Ingeneral,languageacquisitionreferstochildren’sdevelopmentoftheir_____language.A.firstB.secondC.dialectalD.individualized73.WhichofthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueforvowels?A.Vowelsaresonorants.B.Intheproductionofvowels,thereisnoobstructionofair.C.Tongueheightisonecriteriontodistinguishvowels.D.Vowelsarealsocalledobstruent74.Allsyllablesmusthavea____.A.codaB.onsetC.nucleusD.consonant75.IkapsisnotapossiblewordforminEnglishdueto____.A.sonorityscaleB.phonologicalruleC.syntacticruleD.morphologicalrule\n76.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorcauseofinventionofnewlexicalitems?A.TherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyB.Thewayoflanguageteaching.C.Thewayofchildren’slanguageacquisition.D.Economicactivities79.InChomsky’sTGGrammar,whichtheoryfocusesdiscussionongovernmentandbinding?A.TheclassicalTheoryB.TheStandardTheoryC.TheExtendedStandardTheoryD.TheRevisedExtendedStandardTheory80.Whenthesuffix_____isaddedtoaverb,itchangesthisverbintoanadjective.A.lessB.nessC.fullyD.er81.Thefunctionofsentence“lovelyweatherisn’tit?”is______.A.informativeB.phaticC.performativeD.recreational82.Oncethenotionof_____wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A.meaningB.contextC.formD.content83.WhichofthefollowingcriteriacanNOTbeusedtoclassifyvowels?AThepartofthetonguethatisheldhighestBTheopnnessofthemouthCThevibrationofthevocalcordsDTheshapeofthelips84.thereare_____maximsunderthecooperativeprinciple.A2B3C4D5\n85.ChomskyarguesthatLADprobablyconsistsof____elements.A2B3C4D586.“Buy”and“sell’formapairof______.AconverseantonymsBgradableantonymsC.complementaryantonymsD.markedantonyms87.Ifaphonemeissubstitutedforanotherinawordandthesubstitutionresultsinachangeofthewordmeaning,thetwophonemesaresaidtobe_____.AminimalpairBminimalsetCdistinctivephonemesDdistinctivefeatures88._____isaphrasewhichcanonlybeunderstoodasaunit,notasasummationofthemeaningofeachconstituentword.A.collocationB.idiomC.semanticcomponentD.synonym89.Thewell-knownformula:S→r….s→Rwasputforwardby____.A.BloomfieldB.FirthC.HackettD.Harris90.______isapairofcomplementaryantonyms.A.wildandtameB.nimbleandlameC.ColdandwarmD.Aliveanddead91.Firth’ssecondimportantcontributiontolinguisticsishismethodofhismethodofprosodicanalysis,called_____.A.prosodicphonologyB.featuregeometryCoptimalityphonologyD.supersegmentalphonology92.WhichofthefollowingisnotaSupersegmentalfeature?A.SyllableB.StressC.ToneD.Voicelessness93.Thesindrumsis______A.amorphemeB.astem\nCderivationalwordD.freemorpheme94.Thewordbodyguardisa_______.A.compoundwordB.complexwordC.derivationalwordD.freemorpheme95.InEnglish,thegenderdistinctionare______.A.notrelatedtorealworldentitiesB.onthewholenaturalCdividedintoFeminine,MasculineandneuterDdividedintoFeminineandMasculine96.Halliday’sSystemic-FunctionalGrammartakes____astheobjectofstudy.AactualusesoflanguageB.idealspeaker’slinguisticcompetenceC.children’slanguageD.adult’slanguage97.WhichofthefollowingEnglishsoundsisNOTbilabial?A.［b］B.［m］mC.［p］D.［f］98._____canbeusedindependentlywithoutbeingcombinedwithothermorphemes.A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.AffixesD.Roots99.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?A.BlackboardB.SingsC.Astonishment.D.Boys100.JohnAustinproposed____inthelate1950s.A.SpeechAceTheoryB.7typesofmeaningC.CooperativePrincipleD.PredicationAnalysis101.WTOis______A.anabbreviationB.anacronymC.awordwhichisformedbyblendingD.awordwhichisformedbybackformation\n102.ForBloomfield,linguisticsisabranchofpsychologyandspecificallyofthebrandofpsychologyknownas______.A.behaviorismB.structuralismC.competenceDperformance103.Whichofthefollowingisavoicelessbilabialstop?A.［w］B.［m］C.［b］D.［p］104._____isNOTagrammaticalcategoryofEnglishverbs.ATenseB.AspectC.NumberD.Gender105.Allwordscontaina______.A.rootB.boundmorphemeC.prefixD.suffix106.ofthefollowingwordformationprocesses,_____isthemostproductive.A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation107.______practicedaspecialstyleofsynchroniclinguisticsanditsmostimportantcontributiontolinguisticsisthatitseeslanguageintermoffunction.A.theLondonSchoolB.AmericanstructuralismC.thePragueSchoolD.TheTGGrammar108._______isnotincludedinleech’sassociativemeaning.A.ConnotativemeaningB.SocialmeaningC.CollocativemeaningD.Thematicmeaning109._______dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnonlinguisticworldofexperience.A.SenseB.ReferenceC.SymbolD.Thought110.Luggageandbaggageare_____synonyms.A.dialectalB.stylisticC.semanticallydifferentD.collocational111.Themaximofqualityrequires:donotsaywhatyoubelieveto\nbe_______.A.falseB.trueC.indirectD.insufficient112.Knightoriginallymeantyouth,butnowitmeansamedievalgentlemansoldier.Thisisameaning______.A.broadeningB.narrowingC.meaningshiftD.classshift113.Expressionslike“Tom”or“He”canbothbefilledintheblackofthesentence“_____issmiling.”SoTomandHehave_____relation.A.syntagmaitcB.paradigmaticC.systematicD.governing114.Foolishwhichcomesfrom“foll+ish”isa____word.A.derivationalB.syntaxC.morphologyD.phonology115.ThePragueSchoolisbestknownforitscontributionto____.A.phoneticsB.syntaxC.morphologyD.phonology116.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoflanguage?A.Metalingualfunction.B.Interpersonalfunction.C.Emotivefunction.D.Culturaltransmission.117.”Wecandothingswithwords”isthemainideaof_____.A.thespeechacttheoryB.thecooperativeprinciplesC.thepoliteprinciplesD.pragmatics118.Motelisa(n)_____.A.abbreviationB.coinageC.blendingD.acronym119._____isNOTapairofhomophones.A.“Fair”(adj)and“fair”(n)B.“Flea”and“flee”C.“Lead”(v)and“lead”(n)D.“Compliment”and“complement”120.Theclassicsemantictriangleortriangleofsignificancemainlyillustratestheviewof_____.A.conceptualismB.contextualism\nC.behaviorismD.structuralism121.WecanrefertoConfucius,eventhoughhehasbeendeadforover2,500years.Thisfeatureoflanguageiscalled_____.A.dualityB.creativityC.arbitrarinessD.displacement122.Whichfunctionoflanguageisalsocalledideationalfunction(达意功能)intheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar?A.Informativefunction.B.InterpersonalfunctionC.EmotivefunctionD.Recreationalfunction123._____investigatestheinterrelationoflanguageandmind.A.PsycholinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.AnthropologicallinguisticsD.Computationallinguistics124.Morphologyisconcernedwith_______.A.themeaningofwordsB.thepronunciationofwordsC.theinternalorganizationofwordsD.thecombinationofwordsintosentences125.Thesentence“Youschouldneveruseclichéinwriting”is______.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.systematicD.narrative126.IfastudyfocusesonShakespeareanlanguage,itis_____study.A.diachronicB.synchronicC.systematicD.pragmatic127._____isthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.A.AuditoryphoneticsB.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.AcousticphoneticsD.Phonology128./l/istheonly____inEnglish.\nA.fricativeB.affricativesC.nasalD.lateral129.[f,v]arebothlabiodentalsand_______.A.nasalsB.fricativesC.affricativesD.alveolar130.TheideaofestablishingaphoneticalphabetwasfirstproposedbytheDanishgrammarian.A.OttoJespersenB.DanielJonesC.A.J.EillsD.A.M.Bell131.TheSoundPatternsofEnglish(SPE1968)mainlydealswith____.A.multi-levelphonologyB.non-linearphonologyC.supersegmentphonologyD.linearapproachofphonology132.InChinesePutonghua,only____canoccurafterthevowel.A.nasalsB.stopsC.lateralD.vowel133.Acompoundiscomposedof_____.A.arootandanaffixB.astemandanaffixC.arootandafreemorphemeD.twofreemorphemes134.Thewordhamburgerisof_____origin.A.AmericanB.ItalianC.GermanD.French135.Thephrase“thethreesmallChinese“is____construction.A.endocentricB.exocentricChierarchicalD.linear136.Theconceptualistviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfrom______.A.functionB.contextC.instinctD.observation137.Ifonewordhasmorethanonemeaning,thenwecallit____.A.polysemyB.synonymyC.homonymyD.hyponymy138.Thewords“male“or“female“are____antonyms.A.gradableB.complementaryC.converseD.complete\n139.Thewords“amaze“and“astound”areverycloseinmeaning,theyare_____synonyms.A.dialectalB.stylisticC.semanticallydifferentD.collocational140.Whichpairistheemotivesynonym?A.dadandfatherB.flatandapartmentC.meanandfrugalD.chargeandaccuse141.Thewords“rain“and“reign“are______.A.homographsB.completehomonymsC.homophonesD.allophones142.B.L.Whorfwasthestudentof_____.A.BloomfieldB.FirthC.HallidayD.Sapir143.WhichofthefollowingfunctionsareNOTthefunctionsputforwardbyHalliday?A.theIdeationalFunctionB.TheInterpersonalFunctionC.GenerativeFunctionD.TheTextualFunction144.WhichofthefollowingisNOTSaussure’sfieldofstudy?A.LinguisticsB.SociologyC.PsychologyD.Anthropology145.Griceintroducedfourcategoriesofmaxims,whichonemeansweshouldbeclearinourmeaning?A.QuantityMaximB.MannerMaximC.QualityMaximD.RelationMaxim146.TheQ-principleis______.A.hearer-basedB.speaker-basedC.boththehearerandthespeakerbasedD.context-based147.Senseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyof_____.\nA.wordfunctionB.wordmeaningC.wordformationD.wordsystem148.ThenotionofFunctionalSentencePerspectiveisusedtodescribe____.A.howinformationisdistributedinsentencesBhowsentencesateformedCthefunctionofsentencesDtherelationbetweenlanguageanditsusers149.Thefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuseiscalled_____.A.illocutionarytheoryB.SpeechActtheoryC.conversationalimplicatureD.theQandR-principle150._____isthemajorconcernofsemantics.A.MeaningB.WordsC.SentencestructuresD.Phrasestructurerules答案：1.C2.A3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.A11.B12.D13.B14.D15.C16.C17.C18.B19.D20.C21.A22.D23A.24.C25.C26.D27.D28.B29.B30.D31.B32.B33.C34.D35.A36.B37.D38.B39.D40.B41.C42.C43.D44.B45.A46.B47.B48.D49.B50.B51.C52.C53.B54.C55.B56.A57.A58.C59.B60.A61.B62.D63.B64.C65.B66.D67.D68.B69.A70.B71.B72.A73.D74C\n75.A76.D77.C78.D.79.D80.A81.B82.B83.C84.C85.B86.A87.C88.B89.A90.D91.A92.D93.D94.A95.B96.A97.D98.A99.C100.A101.B102.A103.D104.D105.A106.D107.C108.D109.A110.A111.A112.B113.B114.A115.D116.D117.A118.C119.C120.A121.D122.A123.A124.C125.B126.B127.C128.D129.B130.A131.D132.A133.D134.C135.A136.B137.A138.B139.C140.C141.C142.D143.C144.D145.B146.A147.B148.A149.B150A