语言学补充习题 23页

..-LanguageandLinguistics1.TheimportantdistinctioninlinguisticsproposedbyChomskyis_____.A.SynchronicanddiachronicB.LangueandparoleC.SignifierandsignifiedD.petenceandperformance2.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechmunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language3.Theterm_________linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeoverthevariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.parative-.word.zl-\n..-D.historicalparative1.Languageis____inthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandtheobjectitrefersto.A.systematicB.symbolicC.arbitraryD.ambiguous2.Whatfunctionaremostimperativesentencesassociatedwith?A.InformativeB.InterrogativeC.PhaticD.Directive6.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreecentigrade.〞is_________A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative-.word.zl-\n..-1.Everydaywesendmessagesthathaveneverbeensentandunderstandnovelmessages;inthissense,ourlanguageis____.A.productiveB.interchangeableC.geneticallytransmittedD.rule-governed2.Languagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby_____.A.culturaltransmissionB.displacementC.dualityD.productivity3.Bydualitywemeanthatlanguagehastwosetsofstructures,oneof_______andtheotherof______.A.surfacestructure,deepstructureB.phonemes,morphemesC.sounds,meaningsD.production,reception-.word.zl-\n..-1.AccordingtoChomsky,________istheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.A.petenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue2.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof_________.A.languageofacertainindividualB.theGermanlanguageC.humanlanguagesingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguagePhoneticsandPhonology3.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherareusedtoconveymeaninginmunicationis_________.A.morphologyB.generallinguisticsC.phonologyD.phonetics-.word.zl-\n..-1.A(n)______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme2./m,n/are________.A.fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals3./w,j/belongto_____.A.fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals4.Whichofthefollowingvowelistheroundedone?A./i:/-.word.zl-\n..-A./u:/B./i/C./a:/2.Thevowel/u:/in/fu:d/(food)isa_________vowel.A.backB.frontC.unroundedD.centralMORPHOLOGY3._______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.A.WordB.MorphemeC.AllomorphD.Root4._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobebinedwithothermorphemestoformaword.A.Freemorphemes-.word.zl-\n..-A.BoundmorphemesB.BoundwordsC.Words1._______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalwordA.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes2.“-s〞inthewordbooksis____.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootNote:root〔词根〕/affix〔词缀〕,都属于boundmorpheme(粘着词素)1.root(词根):apartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsaclear,definitemeaning;itmustbebinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoforma-.word.zl-\n..-word.(一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的根本形式)词根词素可以分为自由词根词素〔freerootmorpheme,e.g.rainàrainyàraincoat粘着词根词素(boundrootmorpheme)e.g.geo(theearth)+ology(abranchoflearning)àgeology,psychology,physiologytele(distant,far)+visionàtelevision,telegraphtransmit,permit,submit‘maintain,contain,detain2.Affix词缀1)inflectional〔曲折〕:语法关系的标志grammaticalrelations(number,tense,degree,case)-s,-er,不改变词性2)derivational(派生):在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词，与词性和意义有关3.stem词干Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.Itreferstotheleftmorphemeorbinationofmorphemeswhenoneaffixisremovedforonetime.-.word.zl-\n..-e.g.carelessness1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?A.BlackboardB.TeachesC.ConsiderationD.Books2.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym?A.adB.editC.AIDSD.Bobo3.Theword“lab〞isformedthrough____.A.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivation4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapoundword ?-.word.zl-\n..-A.LandladyB.GreenhouseC.UpliftD.Unacceptable20.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords21.OpenclassofwordscanconsistofthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT_________A.nounsB.verbsC.adjectivesD.articles22.Whichoneofthefollowingmostpossiblybelongstotheclosedclass?A.FlowerB.Treacherous.C.WeD.Whack-.word.zl-\n..-23.InflectionalmorphemesmanifestthefollowingmeaningsEXCEPT_________A.toneB.tenseC.numberD.case24.Whichofthefollowingcontainsatleastaninflectionalmorpheme?A.PossibilityB.DecisionC.HersD.Enable25.________areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.A.RootsB.StemsC.AffixesD.pounds-.word.zl-\n..-26.Theword“irresistible〞is______________A.apoundoneB.aclippedoneC.ablendedoneD.aderivedone27.Whichofthefollowingaffixdiffersfromothers?A.–lyB.–nessC.–ingD.–ful28.Theword“Kung-fu〞is_____.A.aclippedoneB.ablendedoneC.apoundoneD.aborrowedoneSemantics1.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled______word.A.apolysemous-.word.zl-\n..-A.asynonymousB.anabnormalC.amultiple1.Thepairofwords“lend〞and“borrow〞are___.A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.Therelationshipbetween‘fruit’and‘apple’is_______.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymy3.“Alive〞and“dead〞are______antonyms.A.relationalB.gradableC.symmetricD.plementary-.word.zl-\n..-1.“Big〞and“small〞areapairof_____opposites.A.plementaryB.gradableC.pleteD.converse6.Theword“luggage〞and“baggage〞are_________A.emotivesynonymsB.dialectalsynonymsC.collocationalsynonymsD.stylistic7.Therelationbetween“begin〞and“mence〞is_________A.dialectalsynonymsB.stylisticsynonymsC.collocationalsynonymsD.semanticallydifferentsynonyms8.“Fall〞and“autumn〞are_________synonymsA.dialectalB.stylistic-.word.zl-\n..-C.collocationalD.emotive9._________isNOTapairofhomophones.A.rainandreignB.fleaandfleeC.lead[li:d]andlead[led]D.plimentandplement10.Inthesemantictriangle,“referent〞refersto_______A.conceptB.therealworldC.thethoughtD.meaning11.“Wise〞and“cunning〞areapairof_________synonyms.A.dialectalB.stylisticC.collocationalD.emotive12.“Wide〞and“broad〞areapairof__________synonyms-.word.zl-\n..-A.dialectalB.stylisticC.collocationalD.emotive13.Whichofthefollowingscanbethesameformsharedbytwohomonyms?A.BallB.CanC.BarkD.North14.“See〞and“sea〞are___________A.homophonesB.homographsC.pletehomonymsD.polysenmicwords15.Whatisthesenserelationbetween“learn〞and“teach〞?A.RelationalantonymsB.plementaryantonymsC.Gradableanonyms-.word.zl-\n..-D.Absoluteantonyms16.Whatisthesenserelationbetween“pass〞and“fail〞?A.RelationalantonymsB.plementaryantonymsC.GradableanonymsD.Absoluteantonyms17.:X:Theyaregoingtohaveanotherbaby.Y:Theyhaveachild.TherelationshipofXandYis________A.synonymousB.inconsistentC.XentailingYD :XpresupposingY18.“Tommy’shenlaidaneggyesterday.〞presupposes__________A.TommyhadahenB.TommyhadabighenC.AneggwaslaidbyTommy’shenD.Theeggisnotastone.-.word.zl-\n..-19.“HehasbeentoTokyo〞entails“_________〞.A.HehasbeentoJapanB.TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.C.HehasneverbeentoJapan.D.HeisnotaJapanese.Pragmatics1.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistomitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_____.A.missivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives2._______isdefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuseandlinguisticmunication.A.PragmaticsB.SociolinguisticsC.NeurolinguisticsD.Contextuallinguistics-.word.zl-\n..-1.“Wecandothingswithwords〞---thisisthemainideaof______.A.theSpeechActTheoryB.theCo-operativePrincipleC.thePolitePrinciplesD.pragmatics2._________refertotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.PerlocutionaryactD.Speechact3.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled_______.A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecificinstanceofdirectives?A.Inviting-.word.zl-\n..-A.AdvisingB.WarningC.Swearing7._________actsexpressestheintentionofthespeaker.A.LocutionaryB.IllocutionaryC.PerlocutionaryD.Speech8.“Ididn’tstealthatring〞isa_________.A.directiveB.expressiveC.missiveD.representatives9.“I’msosadaboutyourwrongdoings〞isa__________A.declarationB.expressivesC.representativesD.missives-.word.zl-\n..-10.“Handsup!〞isa________.A.directiveB.representativeC.missiveD.declaration11.“I’llbewithyou!〞isa_________.A.directiveB.missiveC.expressiveD.representativeSociolinguistics1.Inareaswhicharepopulatedbypeoplespeakingdifferentlanguages,onelanguageisoftenusedbymonagreement;suchalanguageiscalled________.A.pidginB.linguafrancaC.CreoleD.slang2.Thedialectwhichiscausedbysocialstatusis________.-.word.zl-\n..-A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia3.Standarddialectis______A.designatedastheofficialornationallanguageofacountry.B.adialectachildacquiresnaturallylikehisregionaldialectC.usedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposeD.usedbypeoplewhobelongtothehighersocialstatus.4.Sometimes,twovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthemunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay.Thisphenomenonis_______.A.bilingualismB.diglossiaC.pidginD.creole5Theformofagivenlanguageusedinacertaingeographicalspaceiscalled_______-.word.zl-\n..-A.styleB.dialectC.registerD.pidginLanguageAcquisition1.AccordingtoKrashen,________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailymunicativesituations.A.learningB.petenceC.performanceD.acquisition-.word.zl-