语言学补充习题 12页

LanguageandLinguistics1.TheimportantdistinctioninlinguisticsproposedbyChomskyis_____.A.SynchronicanddiachronicB.LangueandparoleC.SignifierandsignifiedD.Competenceandperformance2.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language3.Theterm_________linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeoverthevariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative4.Languageis____inthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenawordandtheobjectitrefersto.A.systematicB.symbolicC.arbitraryD.ambiguous5.Whatfunctionaremostimperativesentencesassociatedwith?A.InformativeB.InterrogativeC.PhaticD.Directive6.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreecentigrade.”is_________A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative6.Everydaywesendmessagesthathaveneverbeensentandunderstandnovel\nmessages;inthissense,ourlanguageis____.A.productiveB.interchangeableC.geneticallytransmittedD.rule-governed1.Languagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisiswhatwemeanby_____.A.culturaltransmissionB.displacementC.dualityD.productivity2.Bydualitywemeanthatlanguagehastwosetsofstructures,oneof_______andtheotherof______.A.surfacestructure,deepstructureB.phonemes,morphemesC.sounds,meaningsD.production,reception3.AccordingtoChomsky,________istheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue4.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof_________.A.languageofacertainindividualB.theGermanlanguageC.humanlanguagesingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguagePhoneticsandPhonology5.Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherareusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis_________.A.morphologyB.generallinguisticsC.phonologyD.phonetics\n1.A(n)______isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme2./m,n/are________.A.fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals3./w,j/belongto_____.A.fricativesB.dentalsC.glidesD.nasals4.Whichofthefollowingvowelistheroundedone?A./i:/B./u:/C./i/D./a:/5.Thevowel/u:/in/fu:d/(food)isa_________vowel.A.backB.frontC.unroundedD.centralMORPHOLOGY6._______isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.A.WordB.MorphemeC.AllomorphD.Root7._______arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemestoformaword.A.FreemorphemesB.Boundmorphemes\nA.BoundwordsB.Words1._______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalwordA.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes2.“-s”inthewordbooksis____.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootNote:root（词根）/affix（词缀）,都属于boundmorpheme(粘着词素)1.root(词根):apartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsaclear,definitemeaning;itmustbecombinedwithanotherrootoranaffixtoformaword.(一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的基本形式)词根词素可以分为自由词根词素（freerootmorpheme,e.g.rainàrainyàraincoat粘着词根词素(boundrootmorpheme)e.g.geo(theearth)+ology(abranchoflearning)àgeology,psychology,physiologytele(distant,far)+visionàtelevision,telegraphtransmit,permit,submit‘maintain,contain,detain2.Affix词缀1)inflectional（曲折）:语法关系的标志grammaticalrelations(number,tense,degree,case)-s,-er,不改变词性2)derivational(派生):在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词，与词性和意义有关3.stem词干Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.Itreferstotheleftmorphemeorcombinationofmorphemeswhenoneaffixisremovedforonetime.e.g.carelessness3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone?A.BlackboardB.TeachesC.Consideration\nA.Books1.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym?A.adB.editC.AIDSD.Bobo2.Theword“lab”isformedthrough____.A.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivation3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword ?A.LandladyB.GreenhouseC.UpliftD.Unacceptable20.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas________.A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords21.OpenclassofwordscanconsistofthefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT_________A.nounsB.verbsC.adjectivesD.articles22.Whichoneofthefollowingmostpossiblybelongstotheclosedclass?A.FlowerB.Treacherous.C.WeD.Whack23.InflectionalmorphemesmanifestthefollowingmeaningsEXCEPT_________A.toneB.tenseC.numberD.case\n24.Whichofthefollowingcontainsatleastaninflectionalmorpheme?A.PossibilityB.DecisionC.HersD.Enable25.________areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.A.RootsB.StemsC.AffixesD.Compounds26.Theword“irresistible”is______________A.acompoundoneB.aclippedoneC.ablendedoneD.aderivedone27.Whichofthefollowingaffixdiffersfromothers?A.–lyB.–nessC.–ingD.–ful28.Theword“Kung-fu”is_____.A.aclippedoneB.ablendedoneC.acompoundoneD.aborrowedoneSemantics1.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled______word.A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiple2.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.A.gradableoppositesB.relationaloppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms3.Therelationshipbetween‘fruit’and‘apple’is_______.\nA.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymy1.“Alive”and“dead”are______antonyms.A.relationalB.gradableC.symmetricD.complementary2.“Big”and“small”areapairof_____opposites.A.complementaryB.gradableC.completeD.converse6.Theword“luggage”and“baggage”are_________A.emotivesynonymsB.dialectalsynonymsC.collocationalsynonymsD.stylistic7.Therelationbetween“begin”and“commence”is_________A.dialectalsynonymsB.stylisticsynonymsC.collocationalsynonymsD.semanticallydifferentsynonyms8.“Fall”and“autumn”are_________synonymsA.dialectalB.stylisticC.collocationalD.emotive9._________isNOTapairofhomophones.A.rainandreignB.fleaandfleeC.lead[li:d]andlead[led]D.complimentandcomplement10.Inthesemantictriangle,“referent”refersto_______A.concept\nB.therealworldC.thethoughtD.meaning11.“Wise”and“cunning”areapairof_________synonyms.A.dialectalB.stylisticC.collocationalD.emotive12.“Wide”and“broad”areapairof__________synonymsA.dialectalB.stylisticC.collocationalD.emotive13.Whichofthefollowingscanbethesameformsharedbytwohomonyms?A.BallB.CanC.BarkD.North14.“See”and“sea”are___________A.homophonesB.homographsC.completehomonymsD.polysenmicwords15.Whatisthesenserelationbetween“learn”and“teach”?A.RelationalantonymsB.ComplementaryantonymsC.GradableanonymsD.Absoluteantonyms16.Whatisthesenserelationbetween“pass”and“fail”?A.RelationalantonymsB.ComplementaryantonymsC.GradableanonymsD.Absoluteantonyms17.:X:Theyaregoingtohaveanotherbaby.Y:Theyhaveachild.TherelationshipofXandYis________A.synonymous\nB.inconsistentC.XentailingYD :XpresupposingY18.“Tommy’shenlaidaneggyesterday.”presupposes__________A.TommyhadahenB.TommyhadabighenC.AneggwaslaidbyTommy’shenD.Theeggisnotastone.19.“HehasbeentoTokyo”entails“_________”.A.HehasbeentoJapanB.TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.C.HehasneverbeentoJapan.D.HeisnotaJapanese.Pragmatics1.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_____.A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives2._______isdefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuseandlinguisticcommunication.A.PragmaticsB.SociolinguisticsC.NeurolinguisticsD.Contextuallinguistics3.“Wecandothingswithwords”---thisisthemainideaof______.A.theSpeechActTheoryB.theCo-operativePrincipleC.thePolitePrinciplesD.pragmatics4._________refertotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.PerlocutionaryactD.Speechact\n1.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled_______.A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecificinstanceofdirectives?A.InvitingB.AdvisingC.WarningD.Swearing7._________actsexpressestheintentionofthespeaker.A.LocutionaryB.IllocutionaryC.PerlocutionaryD.Speech8.“Ididn’tstealthatring”isa_________.A.directiveB.expressiveC.commissiveD.representatives9.“I’msosadaboutyourwrongdoings”isa__________A.declarationB.expressivesC.representativesD.commissives10.“Handsup!”isa________.A.directiveB.representativeC.commissiveD.declaration11.“I’llbewithyou!”isa_________.A.directiveB.commissiveC.expressiveD.representativeSociolinguistics\n1.Inareaswhicharepopulatedbypeoplespeakingdifferentlanguages,onelanguageisoftenusedbycommonagreement;suchalanguageiscalled________.A.pidginB.linguafrancaC.CreoleD.slang2.Thedialectwhichiscausedbysocialstatusis________.A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia3.Standarddialectis______A.designatedastheofficialornationallanguageofacountry.B.adialectachildacquiresnaturallylikehisregionaldialectC.usedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposeD.usedbypeoplewhobelongtothehighersocialstatus.4.Sometimes,twovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay.Thisphenomenonis_______.A.bilingualismB.diglossiaC.pidginD.creole5Theformofagivenlanguageusedinacertaingeographicalspaceiscalled_______A.styleB.dialectC.registerD.pidginLanguageAcquisition1.AccordingtoKrashen,________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A.learningB.competenceC.performanceD.acquisition\n