语言学试题集 22页

语言学试题集英语语言学往年试题集锦语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流-•下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。1Oneofthemainfeaturesofourhuman1anguageisarbitrariness・Canyoubrieflyexplainwhatisthisfeaturerefersto?Giveexeimplesifnecessary(10points)・〈北师大2003年试题)2Inenglishwecandescribeastoryas"asuccessfulstory"or"asuccessstory〃・Doyouthinktheymeanthesame?Pleaseexplainandgiveyourreasons(10points),＜同上》3Expainthefollowingterms,givingexampleswherenecessary.(50points)」2003》designfeaturemacrolinguisticsvowelminimalpairfolketymologyaspectanophorerrorana1ysisrmetaphor4Languagecanchangethroughblending,metanalysis,back-formation,analogicalcreationandborrowing.Givetwoenglishwordsforeachofthem(5points)淸华2000年试题5Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly・clearly,grammaticallyandcorrect1y・(10Points)湖南师大2003年Whatisitwrongtoassumethatthemeaningofasentenceisthesumofthemeaningofthewordswhichcomposeit?7Definethefollowingterms.(10points)中国海洋大学1999Phoneme,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentricconstruction,semantics,hyponymy,language,designfeature8Definethefollowingterms.(20points)苏州大学1997allophonemorphemeassimilationinternalauthorityinterlanguagephaticcommunionclosed-classwordgovernmenlsemanticatriangiclinguafrancaWhatisthemaingrammaticaldifferencebetweenasentenceandaclause?同」二6TranslateintoChineseandexemplifyeachofthefollowing・(10points)Example:dialectalsynonymsAnswer,方言同义词，Fallandautumnaredialectalsynonyms・homographyhomophonygradableoppositesendocentricconstuction\nexocenlricconstruction9人连外国语学院1992年语言学全部试题100POTNTSListthesiximportantcharacter]stiesofhuman1anguage・Whatarethetypesofmorphemes?Illustratethedeepandsurfacestructures・Whatdouknowaboutthesemanticfeatures?Howdoeslanguagechangc?10Wordsinourmentallexiconarcknowntoberelatedtooneanother・Discusstherelationshipsbetweenwords,usingexamplesfromthecnglishlanguage.(15points)丿匕夕卜2003彳匸试题11Whatdoyouthinkarethesimilaritiesanddissimilaritiesbetweenlearningafirstandasecondlanguage?(30points)同上04年10月自考现代语言学试题I.Directions:Roadeachofthefoilowingstatementscarofully・DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets・(2%X10=20%)1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser"sknowledgcoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langueB・competenceC・paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof()・A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental3.TransfornuitionalGonerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L・BloomfieldB・F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday4.Naturallanguagesarcviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.\nA.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement1.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds・Thekindtowhich“girl"and"lass"belongiscalled()synonyms.A.stylisticB・dialectalC・emotiveD・collocational2.Thei1locutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstalespecifiedintheutterancc・A.representativesB・commissivesC.expressivesD・declaratives3.ModernEnglishwordsman,womcin,child,eat,fight,ect・originatefrom()・A.MiddleEnglishB.OldEnglishC・FrenchD.NormanI?rench4.Inadiglossiccountry,thetwodiglossicformsofalanguagearegenerallytwovarietiesofthesamelangutige,buttherearesituationsinwhichtheH-Vcirietymayhciveno()relationshipwiththeL-variety.A.geneticB・socialC.directD.close5.Manyaphasicsdonotshowtotallanguagcloss.Rather,differentaspectsoflanguagearcimptiired・Aphasicsin()arearevealword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax・A.WernikersB.visualC・motorD・Broca"s10・()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicalewithnalivespeakersofthetargetlangucige・A.InstrumentalB・FunctionalC・IntegrativeD.Social\nII・Directions:Fillintheblankinoachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue・NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)11・Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed.12.Stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,andglidesal1havesomedegreeofoandarethereforcconsonants・13.Misthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage・14.Aisthemovementofanauxiliaryverbtothesentence-initialposition,suchas"be”，“have”,"do”etc.15.Riswhata1inguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweenformandthereality・16.InAustin'searlyspeechacttheory,cwerestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable・17.Intheprocessoffirst1anguageacquisition,childrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammars,andtheir1anguagedevelopsinstagesuntilitathegrammcitiealrulesofthetidultlanguage・18.Ascommunityisonegroup,allofwhosememberssharethesamelanguageoratleastasingleIanguagevariety・19.Peoplemaycommunicatetheirfeelingsorthoughtsviansignalssuchasfacialexpressions,gestures,postures,orproxemicspace・20.Althoughthedevelopmentofacommunicativesystemisnotuniquetohumanbeings,thenaturalacquisitionof1asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesandregulationsforcreativecommunicationiswhatdistinguisheshumansfromallotheranimalspecies.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefo1lowingstatementsistrueorfalse・PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement・Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectvcrsion.(2%X10二20%)21.()Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech;thustherearestillmanyIanguagesintoday?sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwrittcn.22.()Insuchsoundcombinationsas/bi:p/,/geip/and/su:p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,i.e.pronouneedwiththestrongpuffofairwithheldtosomeextent・\n23.()Thepartofspeechofthecompoundisalwaysdeterminedbythepartofspeechofthesecondelement,withoutexception.24.()Therelationshipbetweenlheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole・25.()Thecontextualistviewofmeaningholdsthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofthesituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext・26.()SearleJsclassificationofillocutionaryactsisbasedontheclassificationofperformativeverbs.27.()Onekindoflanguagechangeresultsinanincreaseofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes・Thiskindofchangehasbeencalledinternalborrowing—thatis,we“borrow^fromonepartofthegrammarandapplytherulegenerally.28.()Therearedifferencesinthewaypeopleofvariousagecategoriesspeak・Thedifferencesmosteasilynotedbythelaymanarelikelytobegrammaticalinnature・29・()Thelefthemisphereofthebrainissuperiortotherighthemispherebecausethelefthemisphereis1anguagc-dominant・30()AchildborntoaChineseorEnglishspeakingfamilytakesaboutthesamenumberofyearstoacquiretheirnativetongue,regardlessoftheirgeneralintelligence・III.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration・(3%X10=30%)31.assimilationrule32.root33.boundmorphemes34・surfacestructure35.grammaticality36.elaboration37.bilingualism38.creole39.theSapir-Whorfhypothesis40.fossilization\nIII.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%X2=20%)35.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures・Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning・36.Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwaycomponenlialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures・2002年10月份全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis•A.arbitraryB・non-arbitraryC.logicalD・non-productivc2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharcpronouncedwithroundcd-lips»i・c.rounded,EXCEPT■3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplaceiscommonlytermedthe・A.phrasestructureB・surfacestructureC.syntacticstructureD・deepstructure4.Thetheoryofaccountsforthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions・A.CaseCondition\nA.AdjacentConditionC・parameterD.Adjacentparameters1.Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalled.A.polysemyB・hyponymyC・antonymyD・homonymy2.Theutteranee"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,eightdaysaweek・"obviouslyviolatesthemaximof.A.qualityB・quantityC・relationD.manner3.Tnfirstlanguageacquisitionchildrenusuallygrammaticalrulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.A.useB.accept\nsuojn①n・qO--UOI-ISInbocdOMenMuelueEncjojs_seqIcdoIboOIOIqAo上0工1Pous_SOOIOlpboUINOIIOJolpJoqolqM・6aucueld①bcEnauel・aQoclp①bcenauel・ouo一户co。一jjiuop卄①boenbouel・Huo一户elojdjopu卄・suo二pocnulEoo①E二OPJop」①PJOu-AJcdss①。①us一SPUMOUSuo二coz-PJEPUlns・8一ontsuoo①j・aQZIEQUQS・o\n(％OIHOIX次I)・UO>AI8JtI8uelpopPQ比OIIP40U0XPnoApue■AIUOPHOMsou-r-i-1204①jcenonAeq#①PON•①nloespu①a-3Ape①丄s-r-iqolqMjo】①44①-PSXHJ①q#・PXOM①uoqpl占spu①曰①4e4sboUI>OIIOJ①qpjolp&①U-IH上glq①qpUHSH-SUOI4O①xs•=ifS.UQJPTIqo心上4UHbJOUISSIluSAe£TBoJespm」UO4UOCJ・aSPJOAVUOTAOUnJ・0sJZa」oulLpuo一400【Ju一©,q、、q」Q>Aelnaoo