语言学单元hyponymy 15页

GroupMembers：张宝利（201003014313）阚文蕊（201003014412）程佳楠（201003014402）赵茜（201003014414）\nPolysemy多义关系SenserelationsHomonymy同形同音异义关系Synonymy同义关系Antonymy反义关系Hyponymy上下义关系\nHyponymyHyponymyisthesenserelationshipthatrelateswordshierarchically.Theunderlyingobservationisthatsomewordshaveamoregeneralmeaning,whileothershaveamorespecificmeaning,whilereferringtothesameentity.FOODMEATWearenotgoingtohaveanyfoodtoday.Wearenotgoingtohaveanyvegetablestoday.VEGETABLE\nsuperordinateandhyponymsuperordinateorupperterm:---themoreinclusivewordse.g.furniture:bed,table,sofa.chair(co-hyponym共下义词)hyponym,lowertermorsubordinate:---themorespecificwords\nSenserelationslivingpeonyanimalflowerlilyplantcarnationtreericetulipdaisydaffodil\nSenserelationsLivingthingsheepram(m)lamb(young)ewe(f)tigeranimaldogNon-livingthingThingplantguess……\nPseudo-hyponymyTherelationshipofinclusionisjusttransient,notpermanent.Likesanddislikes,gift,livingenvironmentQuasi-hyponymyThesuperordinatedoesnothavesamegrammaticalclasswithitssubordinateTaste:bitter,acid,sweet,hot,salty,spicy\nUseofhyponymsinwriting/reading1.vivid,exact,concrete,anddefiniteSomebadstudentsaretalkinginthelecture.Somemischievousstudentsarechattinginthelecture.\nUseofhyponymsinwritingHehasawithtwo-storey,fourbedrooms,twolivingrooms,adingingroomandkitchen.Myjobishorrible.Myjobishorriblewithitslowpayment,constantoverwork,demandingboss,andcomplexinterrelationship.bighouse\nUseofhyponymsinwriting2.coherence条理性，连贯性…thecarriagedashedthroughstreetsandsweptroundcorner,withwomenscreamingbeforeit,andmenclutchingeachotherandclutchingchildrenoutofitsway.Atlast,swoopingatastreetcornerbyafountain.----DickensDrive\nItisabeautifulpark.Withstreamsandpondsshadedbywillowsandbamboos,andsmall,elegantly-furnishedcottagesbehindpilesofrocks,theparkisquietevenwhentherearemanyvisitorsinit,andcoolwhenitishotsummeroutside.Withstreamsandpondsshadedbywillowsandbamboos,andsmall,elegantly-furnishedcottagesbehindpilesofrocks,theparkisquietevenwhentherearemanyvisitorsinit,andcoolwhenitishotsummeroutside.\nUseofhyponymsinwriting3.Usedtodefine("is-a"relationship)Anorthopedist整形外科医师iswhospecializesinbones.Aplover凤头麦鸡isathatlivesontheshore.Askylightisasetintheroofofabuilding.Aclarinetisasingle-reedhavingacylindricaltubewithamoderatelyflaredbell(Webster's).birdwindowwoodwindinstrumentadoctor\n汉语中的“上义词文化”车Car，truck，bicycle，train，motor在火车站台上，我们说：“车来了”，在大学校园里，一个同学说：“我的车又丢了”，寝室室友计划去徐家汇，我问她打算怎么过去，她说“坐车去”，汤姆丢了他的车。AmbiguityinChinesecultureAccuracyofwesternculture\n中国的传统文化的特点之一就是讲究内敛、委婉，追求朦胧含蓄之美，不主张直白，不强调逻辑，崇尚文章的“凝练”，“言简意赅”，“惜墨如金”，从而给读者留下更多想象的空间和再创造的余地。英美等西方国家最讲究的就是逻辑性、严密性、精准性。他们的思维方式也是直线型的，喜欢直截了当，注重前后意义的连贯一致。\nThankyou!