语言学期中测验 10页

1.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled________linguistics.　　A.particular　B.general　C.ordinary　D.generative　2.Traditionalgrammarregardsthe________formoflanguageasprimary,notthespokenform.　　A.oral　B.written　C.writing　D.vocal　3.WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole?　　A．Saussure　B．Chomsky　C．Halliday　D．Anonymous　　4.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.　　A.parole　　B.performance　C.langue　　D.Language5.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand________.　　A.words　B.sounds　　C.objects　D.ideas　6.Whichofthefollowingisn’tthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?　　A.arbitrariness　B.performance　C.duality　D.displacement　7.Thecoreoflinguisticsexcludes________.　　A.semantics　B.morphology　C.phonetics　D.psycholinguistics\n8.Morphologyreferstothe________ofwords.　　A.science　B.form　C.history　D.system　9.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis________.　　A.morpheme　B.phone　C.phoneme　D.allomorpheme　10.Theword“boyish”containstwo________.　　A.phonemes　B.morphs　C.morphemes　D.allomorphs　11.________morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.　　A.Free　B.Bound　C.Root　　D.Affix　12.Morphemesthatrepresent“tense”,“number”,“gender”,“case”andsofortharecalled________morphemes.　　A.inflectional　　B.independent　　C.free　　D.derivational　13.________modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.　　A.Prefixes　B.Suffixes　　C.Roots　　D.Affixes　14.InEnglish“-ise”and“-tion”arecalled________.　　A.prefixes　　B.suffixes　C.infixes　　D.freemorphemes　15.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeof________toformanewword.　　A.root　　B.affix　C.stem　　D.\nword　16.Thewordssuchas“lab”and“doc”are________.　　A.formedbyblending　B.acronyms　　C.coinedbyback-formation　D.clippedwords17.Chinese,themostpopularlanguageoftheworld,belongstothe________family.　　A.Indo-European　　B.Sino-Tibetan　C.Austronesian　D.Afroasiatic　18.Animportantsetofextensivesoundchangesaffectingvowels,knownastheGreatVowelShift,occurredattheendofthe________.　　A.OldEnglishperiodB.MiddleEnglishperiod　　C.ModernEnglishperiod　D.Middleages19.Themostwidely-spreadmorphologicalchangesinthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglisharethelossandadditionof________.　　A.prefixes　B.suffixes　　C.affixes　　D.casemarkings20.Themostdramaticmorphologicallossconcernsthelossof________.　　A.gendermarkings　B.casemarkings　　C.tensemarkings　D.bothAandB21.Themostvigorousandon-goingchangeinthehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageisthechangeinits________.　　A.sound　B.vocabulary　　C.morphologicalsystem　D.\nsyntax22.ThemostobviouswayinwhichModernEnglishdifferslexicallyfromOldEnglishisinthenumberofborrowedwordsfromotherlanguages,particularfrom________.　　A.Latin　B.French　　C.Greek　　D.German23.Theword“Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleofinmorphology.A.BackformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronym24.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage?　　A．Symbolic　　B．Dual　C．Productive　D．Arbitrary25.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?　　A．Interpersonal　B．Phatic　　C．Informative　D．Metalingual26.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa________study.　　A.synchronic　　B.diachronic　　C.historical　　D.comparative27.AccordingtoChomsky,whichistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage?　　A．competence　　B．parole　　C．performance　　D．langue\n28.Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?"is．　　A．informative　　B．phatic　　C．directive　　D．performative29.Languageisthetoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”onahighwayserves.A.anexpressivefunctionB.aninformativefunctionC.aperformativefunctionD.apersuasivefunction31.Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperformingA.anillocutionaryactB.aperlocutionaryactC.alocutionaryactD.noneoftheabove32.ThestudyofthementalprocessoflanguagecomprehensionandproductionisA.corpuslinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.theoreticallinguisticsD.psycholinguistics33.Whichisthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent?　　A．Word　　B．Morpheme　　C．Allomorph　　D．Root34.Whichstudiestheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsare\nformed?A．Morphology　B．Syntax　　C．Phonology　　D．Semantics35.ThephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalledA.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemyD.homonymy36.Allwordscontaina___________．A．rootmorpheme　B．boundmorpheme　C．prefix　　D．suffix37.Therelationshipbetween"fruit"and"apple"is___________．A．homonymy　B．hyponymy　　C．polysemy　　D．synonymy38.Thepartofthegrammarthatrepresentsaspeaker'sknowledgeofthestructureofphrasesandsentencesiscalled___________．A．lexicon　　B．morphology　C．syntax　　D．semantics39.Thepairofwords"lend"and"borrow"are___________．　　A．gradableopposites　　B．converseopposites　　C．co-hyponyms　　D．synonyms40."Big"and"Small"areapairof___________opposites．　　A．complementary　　B．gradable　　C．complete　　D．converse41.WhatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsisthenotionofA.reference\nA.meaningB.antonymyC.context42.Whattypeofsentenceis“Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry.”?A.asimplesentenceB.acoordinatesentenceC.acomplexsentenceD.noneoftheabove43.Thewordtailoncereferredto“thetailofahorse”,butnowitisusedtomean“thetailofanyanimal”.ThisisanexampleofA.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaningC.meaningofshiftD.lossofmeaning44.Thewordskid,child,offspringareexamplesofA.dialectalsynonymsB.stylisticsynonymsC.emotivesynonymsD.collocationalsynonyms45.Inthefollowingconversation:　　-BeirutisinPeru,isn't\nit?　　-AndRomeisinRomania,Isuppose．　Thesecondpersonviolatesthe___________．　　A．QuantityMaxim　　B．QualityMaxim　　C．RelationMaxim　　D．MannerMaxim46.Themaximofrequiresthataparticipant'scontributionberelevanttotheconversation．　　A．quantity　　B．quality　　C．manner　　D．relation47.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisaninflectionalmorpheme?AUnlockBGovernmentCGoesDOff-stage48.____isalanguagephenomenoninwhichwordssoundlikewhattheyreferto.AOnomatopoeiaBCollocationCDenotationDAssimilation49.Thesentence“Closeyourbookandlistentomecarefully”performsa(n)_____function.AinterrogativeBinformativeCperformativeDdirective50.ThespeechacttheorywasfirstputforwardbyA.JohnSearleB.JohnAustinC.NoamChomsky\nA.M.A.K.Holliday\nDividethefollowingwordsintotheirseparatemorphemesbyplacinga“+”betweeneachmorphemeandthenext.Example:microfilm:micro+filmmanuallydictationhomosexualperspectivebiologyInwhatwaysarethefollowingexpressionsambiguous?ExplainthembytwodifferenttreediagramsandtranslatethemintoChinese:Theparentsofthebrideandthegroomwerewaiting.Hehittheboywiththesteak.Writedownthetenwaysofformingnewwordsandillustratethemwithexamples.