语言学function of language 11页

FunctionsoflanguageWhatdoes“functionoflanguage”mean?Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage,inyouropinion?Jakobson’sviewofthefunctionsoflanguage(Pragueschoolstructuralists):languageisaboveall,asanysemioticsystem,forcommunication.Westudylanguageasasciencesowementionitsfunctionaccordingtoaprinciple.Herethefunctionisnotthesocialfunctiononly.\nFunctionsoflanguageSixprimaryfactorsofanyspeechevent:speaker,addressee,context,message,code,contact.Jakobson’swell-knownframeworkoflanguagefunctionsbasedonthesixkeyelementsofcommunication:Referential:toconveymessageandinformationPoetic:toindulgeinlanguageforitsownsakeEmotive:toexpressattitudes,feelingsandemotions\nFunctionsoflanguageConative:topersuadeandinfluenceothersthroughcommandsandentreaties)Phatic:toestablishcommunionwithothersMetalingualfunction:toclearupintentions,wordsandmeanings.eg.Wesaymakeisaverbandheisapronoun.Theycorrespondtosuchcommunicationelementsascontext,message,addresser,addressee,contactandcode.\nFunctionsoflanguageContextreferentialAddresserEmotivee.g.intonationshowingangerMessagePoetice.g.poetryAddresseeConativee.g.ImperativesandvocativesContactPhaticHello,didyouhearme?CodeMetalinguale.g.Letmemakeitbrief.\nFunctionsoflanguageHalliday’smetalfunctionsoflanguage:Ideational:LanguageconstructsamodelofexperienceandconstructslogicalrelationsInterpersonal:Languageenacts/representsocialrelationshipsTextual:Languagecreatesrelevancetocontext.\nFunctionsoflanguageIdeational:languageisusedtotellsomething,characterizedbytheuseofdeclarativesentences.Informativestatementsareoftenlabeledastrueorfalse.I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.ProfessorZhanghasbeenavisitingscholarinEngland.\nFunctionsoflanguageInterpersonalfunctionisthemostimportantsociologicaluseoflanguage.Peopleusetheinterpersonalfunctionoflanguagetoestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinasociety.Intheframeworkoffunctionalgrammar,thisfunctionisconcernedwithinteractionbetweentheaddresserandaddresseeinthediscoursesituationandtheaddresser’sattitudetowardwhathespeaksorwritesabout.XiaoWang,Liusir,Mr.Liu,小伙子,小乖乖\nFunctionsoflanguageTheinterpersonalfunctionissuchabroadcategorythatitisoftendiscussedundervariousothertermsasinthefollowingperformative,emotive,expressiveandphaticfuntionoflanguage.Theyseemtoemphasizedifferentaspectsoftheinterpersonalfunction.\nFunctionsoflanguagePhatic:establishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontact.Directive:getthehearertodosomething.Informative:giveinformationaboutfacts.Interrogative:getinformationfromothers.Expressive:expressfeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker.Evocative:createcertainfeelingsinthehearer(amuse,startle,soothe,worryorplease)Performative:languageisusedtodothings,toperformactions.\nFunctionsoflanguageThreemainfunctionsThedescriptivefunction,theexpressivefunctionandthesocialfunctionThedescriptivefunction,alsoreferredtoasthecognitive,orreferential,propositionalfunction,istheprimaryfunction,whichistoconveyfactualinformation.Theexpressivefunction,oremotiveorattitudinalfunctionistosupplyinformationabouttheuser’sfeelings,preferences,prejudices,andvalues.Thesocialfunction,ortheinterpersonalfunction,servestoestablishandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.\nTheoriginoflanguageThedivine-origintheoryLanguageisagiftofGodtomankind.TheinventiontheoryImitative,criesofnature,thegruntsofmenworkingtogether.TheevolutionarytheoryTheresultofphysicalandpsychologicaldevelopment.