语言学概念功能 13页

MetafunctionsIdeationalfunction概念功能\nMetafunctions元功能(differentmodesofmeaningconstruedbythegrammar)Metafunctions----Ideationalfunction概念功能Interpersonalfunction人际功能textualfunction语篇功能2\nIdeationalFunction（概念功能)Theideationalfunction(“experiential”and“logical”)istoconveynewinformation,tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer.Theideationalfunctionisameaningpotential,becausewhateverspecificuseoneismakingoflanguagehehastoreferacategoriesofhisexperienceoftheworld.\nTheideationalfunctionmainlyconsistsof“transitivity”and“voice”.Transitivityissimplythegrammaroftheclauseinitsideationalaspect.Therearesixdifferenttypesofprocessesrepresentedinlanguage:Materialprocess物质过程Mentalprocess心理过程Relationalprocess关系过程Verbalprocess言语过程Behavioralprocess行为过程Existentialprocess存在过程\nMaterialprocess物质过程Materialprocessarethoseinwhichsomethingisdone.ExpressedbyAnactionverb(e.g.Beat,break,kick)Anactor(logicalsubject)Thegoaloftheaction(logicaldirectobject)E.gThelioncaughtthetouristActorProcessGoal\nMentalprocess心理过程Mentalprocessesareprocessesexpressingsuchmentalphenomenaas“perception”(e.g.see,look),“reaction”(e.g.like,please),andcognition(e.g.know,believe).Involvestwoparticipants:Senserphenomena\nE.g.Perception(感知)JohnsawthemurdererSensorprocessphenomenaReaction(反应)MysisterlikestheskirtSensorprocessphenomenaCognition(认知)IknowthatshewasabsentSensorprocessphenomena\nRelationalprocess关系过程Relationalprocesscanbeclassifiedintotwotypes:AttributiveandIdentifying.Attributiveisaboutwhatattributesacertainobjecthas,orwhattypeitbelongsto.Expressedby:Attribute—thequality,Carrier—theentityE.g.Today’sweatherisgoingtobewarm.CarrierprocessAttribute\nIdentifyingexpressestheidenticalpropertiesoftwoentities,whichmeansoneentityisbeingusedtoidentifyanother.Andusuallyarereversible..ExpressedbyIdentifiedandIdentifier.(ortokenandvalue)E.g.Johnisourmonitor.IdentifiedprocessIdentifierTokenprocessValue\nVerbalprocess言语过程Verbalprocessarethoseofexchangeinformation.Commonlyusedverbsare:Say,tell,talk,praise,boast,describe,etc.ThemainparticipantsareSayer,Receiver,andVerbiageE.g.Mywatchsaysthatisteno’clock.SayerVerbiageSheasksmetogetupearlierSayerReceiverVerbiage\nBehavioralprocess行为过程Behavioralprocessesrefertophysiologicalandpsychologicalbehaviorsuchasbreathing,coughing,smiling,laughing,crying,staring,anddreaming,etc.Generallyonlyoneparticipant,Behaver,oftenahuman.DistinguishedfromMaterialprocess:Onlyoneparticipant:whethertheactivityconcernedisphysiologicalorpsychological.Twoparticipants,takeitasmaterialprocess.E.g.HeisalwaysgrumblingBehaver\nExistentialprocess存在过程Existentialprocessesrepresentthatsomethingexistsorhappens.Ineveryexistentialprocess,thereisanExistent.E.g.Thereisanewofficebuilding.Existent\nThankyou