语言学专业词汇 9页

AAcS（actorSubject）,ReS（ReceptorSubject）andDaS（dativevesubject）P85Activedeposit活性沉积P393adaptability制宜原则P39adjustment调整Pl35AdjMr：AjectiveModifier定语修饰语P19Affixingmorphemeoffixedposition迄位性附加语索P342Affixation缀合法P29Allencompassing无所不包PixAphasic失语症患者P386ApoP同位短语式Pl尿Approximativesystem近似体系P58arbitrariness任意性;selectiveness选择性P181Aspect体（tentative尝试体，inchoative开始体，successive继续体，perfect完成体,progressive进行体）P114Autonomy自主权P53BbackshiftJn移P370/372bilingualism双语学P522Blending拼缀法P29Bottom-upperception白卜而上的感知，top-downperception白上而卜的感知P493CCartFames1980对比分析Pxcirculativeness周遍性P86categorization范畴化,grouping归为类P487categoryword范畴词P418/474/513cleftsentence分裂句P230cognateequivalence同源对应P134/468,词根对应P478cognitiveschema认知图示P386Cohesion粘着性P62Cohesionandcoherence接应与连贯P74Cohesivetie联结关系接应词,additive增补连接词,adversative对比连接词,causalconjunctionP＜］果连接词，temporalconjunction吋间连接词P436Combination（虚词功能）组合P452Totalcombination完全结合，formalcombination形式结合P464Commonvalue（语言）共同价值；specialvalue特征价值P47Complement补语P126Composition合成法P29Compactnessofmeaningfulmorpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299Compressedpredicate紧缩式谓语Pl20Compound（汉语）合成词P443\nConversion转化法P29Constant常数（ie.tertiumcomparationis屮间比较项；variable变数；tertium中间项P50Context-sensitiverule受上下文制约的规则P362Convertnessandovertness隐含性与外显性P61Copula系词;copulativeobject判断宾语;quasi-copulas准判断动词P217Coverb前直动词（能愿、意向、规劝动词）和后鱼动词的统称；operator基本助动词/功能词P114DDativecase与事格PI59defiguration还原法，figuration形象描写P472DescriptionandPrescription描写与规定P41descriptiveapproach描写态度P39determinativepremodifier限制性前置定语，descriptivepremodifier描绘性前置定语，classifyingpremodifier分类性前宜定语P298Diachronicandsynchronic/diachronismandsynchronism历时与共时P2Diachronicexperienceandsynchronicperformance历时经验和共时运用P314Dichotomic二分性，可切分为二P167Differentiatingability分辨力P361Diffuse扩散型；compact聚集型P235Directness直接性,indirectness间接性,explicitness鲜明性,specificness重实，non-specificness反虚P417Disintegration解体P28dismantle拆除P28Disorganization瓦解P28Disposalform动词处直式（把字句）P213;pre-transitiveVerb前及物动词（赵元任:把字句）P233Diversiform多样性P85Divide长句切分；contract长句紧缩P2O8Doerandreceptor彳亍为者与承受者P89Doublet/wordpair谐音叠词P426EEnd-focus短语后焦点；front-focus弱化询焦点P175End-weight词尾重心P229Epicene通性名词P82Equivalence对应P58evolution演进P28Explanation解Interpretation阐样P41Explication演绎法P469Expletive先行词P74Expletivesubject形式主语P92\nFFamilyresemblances维根斯坦：家族相似；Dissiniililarilies非相似性PvFiniteverb定式动词；non-finiteverb非定式动词P236Formalorinflexionallinkage形式或形态对接P26Formalindication形式的标定P62-3Frameofword词语联立关系P466Functionalcompensation功能li补PI54Functionalexpansion功能扩大化P191Functionalredress,functionalcompensation功能代偿法P33Functiontest话题性的测试P90Functionalword（formword,structuralword）结构词（英语）,emptyword虚词（汉语），P449closedclasses封闭性词类，P449determiner限定词,auxiliary助动词，pronoun代词，P449,preposition介词，qualifier修饰词，coordinator并列连接词，subordinator从屈连接词，inteirogahve疑问词，negative否定词P450fullword实词（汉语）P450GGiven-newcontract已知■新知信息默契P372HHeadword屮心词P296Heterology异质性/特殊索质P95/202HW:headword中心词P19Hypotaxisandparataxis形合与意合P75IIcon图像性,iconization图像化,indexization索引化P455identity等同（是字句功能）P219Ideographicandsemipronouncing单体形意音文字PviIdeationalpvotal,idea-centered意念主轴;formal-pivotal,formal-centered形式主轴P18idea-centeredstructure意念主轴结构;formal-centeredstructure形式主轴结构PI8idiom成语/习语;asingleunit一个单位Pl66imagecode象码；Souundcode音码P68immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法P232impersonalsubject人称上语P498implication暗示法P22Inbreakofthemodernity葛兆光：现代性入侵PivIndicator指示器P47indispensability不可或缺性P47infiltration渗透性,intrinsicness固有性,peculiarity特性P476Inflectionaldevices无形态程式PviiiInflexionalformation形态构性P453Inflexionalsystem形态体系P52Inflexionalization形态化P154\nInnerspeech内部言语,speech夕卜部言语P387Intentionalword意向词语P163intensifier加强词P378Interlingua中介语P58Interlingualcomparability语际可比性P51Interpretation解释法P22Intraflexion内部屈折P396Introducer引导性结构P302JJohnStuartMill1806-1873功利追求PxJuxtaposing联合短语式PI83KKernel(句法结构)核心P84Kinship与原亲属关系P468Llanguagegame语言游戏P39LatinGrammar马建忠：泰西格朗玛PvLexicalization词汇化P312,inflexion形态化P368Linearization对接；formation成型；aggregation聚集P69Linguisticdeterminism语言决定论,languagerelativity语言相对论P525LocWP方位短语式P187LR(linearreverse???)顺序线性P62；RL(reversedlinear)逆线性P69MMapping映射P68/371/492Masculine阳性P397Matching配对P52Maximizedimplicitness最人化隐含；informationfocus信息焦点PI9Imean+数；overlap语义场界重叠；outlap非重叠P183meansofgeneralization实义虚化手段，affixationalmeans词缀虚化手段P446,inflexionalmeans形态虚化手段P447,specified实化P449Misplacementandbreach错位和缺位PixMissinglink缺环P5J8MnS(MeansSubject)方式主语PI02Modeofexpression表现法,relativity相关性,instrumentality实用性,generality通用性P391Moderateadaptation适度的适应，ad叩tationby通过adjustment调整來适应P429Mood语气,indicativemood直陈式,imperativemood祈使式,subjunctivemood虚拟式，Intrinsicandextrinsic内在和外在语言结构机制，\nfactualsupposition事实假设,counteifactualsupposition反事实假设deficit欠缺的观点P369morphemeformorpheme义索对义索P468Mr-Md(modifier-modified)修饰语前置式，偏正词纟H.；Md-Mr(modified-modifier)；hyphenatedadjectives连字符连接的多词形容词P167MrS(ModifierSubject)修饰语主语P102Mutualcompensatory互为补充代偿P308NN.Machiavelli1459-1527马基尔维利，15世纪'欧洲最著名政论、史论家之一PivNominal名词性P9INominalphrase名词性短语PI88Nominative主格，genitive所有格,dative与格，accusative宾格P396Non-SPsentence非主谓句P203nucleus（语音）调核P304OOnomatopoeia象声，拟声P5Openbeginning句首开放性;contractingending/closedending句尾收缩性P205Operatingandorientatingmechanism支配与沱势作用P487Operator功能词Pl18Ordering序列P70Orientation导向P391Outwardness外象（包括:表象、形象、现象、物象）P26PPattern（形态体系的）结构形式P396pair成对词P184Paradox悖理Pl82PCofextend/degree表程度的述补结构PI31PCofmovement表行为态势活动向的述补结构：direction趋向；progress继续；completion完成P128PCofpossibility表可能的述补结构P128PCofresult结果的述补结构PI29PCofstate表状态的述补结构PI30Pejoration贬义化Perceptivelanguage感性语言PxPeriodicsentence掉尾句P310Phonograph表音文字P418Phoneticmorpheme诰义诅索，formmorpheme构形诰索，reduplicationmorphemefullmorpheme完全语索P460/461\nPhrasalverbandparticle短语动词与小品词/介副词P??/154pictograph/hieroglyph象形文字P2pivot/axle主轴P236PIS（PlaceSubject）P86Polarcontrast正反两面合二为一的复合词P473Polarization两极化P87Pragmaticmotivation语用理据P175Pragmaticpresupposition语用预设PI64Predicate-completeconstruction述补结构P128predication谓词性；sub-predication次谓词性P189Predicativephrase谓词性短语P188PrepOP介词短语式P187Pre-positioncoverb前助动词P377Principleofcauseandresultsequence因果律P299Principleofcompactnessofmeaningfulmorpheme语素结合紧密度律P299Principleofexterior-interiorsequence表里律P296Principleofspatialsequence范围律P294Principleofsubject-objectsequence丄客律P295Principleoftemporalsequence时序律P291PrinciplesofSVconcord主谓一致原则:Grammaticalprinciple语法原则,Logicalprinciple逻辑原贝*J,PrincipleofProximity靠近原>40,PrincipleofIdiomaticness惯丿IJ法原则Pl15Presupposedstatementandconcludingstatement,PSandCS前述与结述卩5刀309QQrQd（qualifier-qualified）附加式P2O2QunWP量词短语式P188Rrecipiency受事性；recipiency施授关系；affection受到影响的关系P158Redress/compensation（语法功能的）代偿法P22Reduplication（构词法）重磕法，adjunction附加法，affixation加缀法，compound合成法P444-445Refinement提炼；Gradation提升P4IRelativecomparability相对可比性P51Reflective反映式的，折射式的P456equivalence对应式（correspondence契合式），inclusion涵盖式P457,intersection交叉式P458,substitution替代式,conflict冲突式（exclusion语义相悖）P459kinshiptermP457,borrowing借用P459reflection反映P496\nrelativity相关性，instrumentality实用性,generality通用性,familiarization通晓性P392Repetition重儘手段，anaphora句首反复，epiphora句尾反复P427ReversedLinearExpansion逆线性延伸；NatunilLinearExpansion顺线性延伸P205reversibility可反逆性Pl74/276reversion对接的反转P464reversingandsynchronizing顺译与反逆翻译P105R.Philippson2002:英语帝国上义PvRunningsentence流水句P235SSAVP62Selectiveandcritica选择性和批判性PxSemanticcombination诰义结合，grammaticalcombination诰法结合P44ISemanticrelevance语义关涉性P181Semanticstructuring语义结构过程，formstmcturing形式结构过程P387Sensemorpheme义素，meaningfulmorpheme有义语•素，freemorpheme£|由语嗦，boundmorpheme黏着语素P441Sentencestarter句首起词P110/503Sequence顺序，inverse/reverse抵触逆序,mixedorder混合序P409Shift转换Pl00Shortening缩略法P29Signlanguage手语P386Signifying意扌n；analogizing类比P47Situationallydefined语境化P479Spacebetweenwords词间灰P80Staccato断续P421Stratification层次结构P232Stressdomain重音范域P75Stressedposition强调位P279Structuralanalogy结构类比P81Structuralinversion结构性倒装functionalinversion功能性倒装stylisticinversion文体性倒装P277Structuralorder-shift结构性位移P279Structuralword结构性词语，substantialword实质性词语，presupposedinformation预知性信息，replenishedinformation补足性信息，base挤出前述，climax递进叙述P3O5StrWP助词短语式Pl88SVconcord/agreement主谓一致P88/115SVDevice主语■谓动机制P88SVOCP61\nsubcategorization(语义特征)次范畴化(转换生成语法)P368Substitution替代法P22Sub-subject次主语P95Supplement补充PI06Syntagmaticdevice组合手段P404Syntagmaticorderingofelement组合型序列P275Syntagmaticpivot形态组合主轴P237；paradigmaticpivot意念聚合主轴P239TTautology重复,sysmetry对仗P424TDCExpansion(topic-development-codaexpansion)命题■发展■结语语段扩展P257Temporalsequence吋序律P121Tempsoperatif(G.Guillaume)活动时间，systemderepresentation反应系统，systemd'expression观念P387Tense语法的“时",time自然概念的"时间"P340,tenseparticle时态助词P342Tensity紧张感，importunify短促感，monolonounsness单调感P424Text语段;logicalexpansion逻辑扩展式;basiclevel基础层级；logicallevel逻辑层级P234Thematic主位性P284/句首主题P315Thematization主题化,thematicfronting宾语主题前置,topicality话题性P316Therelative关系语P86TmS(timesubject)P85Topic,theme,话题（主语句）comment,rheme述题P37-38Topicsubject话题主语P92transfer迁移P522Transferability可转换性P386Transformation转型P28转换式P214TRdevice话题■述题机制P88typological类型学体系P60VValence/valency价（对以带什么宾语）P152/154Vertical历时比较；horizontal共吋比较P49Visualdifferentiation视觉分辨率P404Visualrecognizibility视觉可辨性P449Vocalicending元音字尾P425voiceincovertness隐性语态P313,inflictivevoice不幸语态P318volitionalfuture强于是将来时（表意志等）P453WWalterBenjamin;historicalduress,geschichtlichZwang:历史的裹挟Pxi\nZZero零位P87ZeS-VP零位主语结构P106