英语语言学试题 6页

英语语言学试题（1）I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、"CanIborrowyourbike?"___"Youhaveabike."A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics\n7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk______oftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_____.13、M__________isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、As___________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc_________synonyms.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc______.18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcand_______theformof"be".III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.\n()23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription34、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、contextV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence\n15、complete17、coinage18、delete三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActuallymodernlinguisticslaysmoreemphasisonthespokenformoflanguagethanthewrittenformforanumberofreasons.22、FVoicingdistinguishesmeaninginEnglishbutnotinChinese.23、FThemeaningofsomecompoundwordshasnothingtodowiththesumtotalofthemeaningsoftheircomponents,suchasthecompound"redcoat".24、FApartfromSandC,theyalsorefertoaword,oraphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction.25、FDialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundnotonlyindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutalsowithinthevarietyitself.Forexample,withinBritishEnglish,"girl"iscalled"lassie"inScottishdialect,and"liquor"iscalled"whishey"inIrishdialect.28、FTheyhaveafairlyclearfairlyclearfunctionaldifferentiation,i.e.onelanguagemaybeusedinsomedomains,otherlanguageinotherdomains.30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageconsistsoftwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,therearealimitednumberofsoundswhicharemeaninglesswhileatthehigherlevelthereareanunlimitednumberofcombinationsofthesesounds.Itisalsoknownasdoublearticulation.32、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageoveraperiodoftime,alsoknownashistoricallinguistics,e.g.thestudyoftheChineselanguagesincetheendoftheQingdynastyuptothepresent.\n33、Awaytotranscribespeechsounds.Thebasicprincipleistouseonelettertoindicateonesound.Itisgenerallyusedindictionariesandlanguageteachingtextbooks.34、Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword,e.g.-lycanbeaddedtoanountoformanadjective.35、arewriterulethatallowsforthepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences36、Relationalopposites,akindofantonyms,refertopairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.Forexample,"husband"and"wife","father"and"son"etc.37、Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.Forexample,theword"man"isanalyzedascomprisingof+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Contextisregardedasconstitutedbyallkindsofknowledgeassumedtobesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,Forexample,theknowledgeofthelanguageusedandtheknowledgeoftheworld,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandthespecificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、Theinventoryofsoundscanchange,andsoundchangesincludechangesinvowelsounds,soundloss,soundaddition,andsoundmovement.1)Vowelsoundchange:Englishhasundergonethesystematicandregularchangeinthevowelsounds,knownastheGreatVowelshiftwhichoccurredattheendoftheMiddleEnglishperiodandwhichinvolvedsevenlong,ortensevowels.Thesechangesledtooneofthemajordiscrepanciesbetweenthephonemicrepresentationsofwordsandmorphemes,i.e.betweenpronunciationandthespellingsystemofModernEnglish,e.g.five→/fi:v/(MiddleEnglish)→/faiv/(ModernEnglish)2)Soundloss:Soundscanchangebythelossofphonemes.InthehistoryofEnglishthevelarfricative/x/waslost.ThissoundexistedinOldEnglish,so"night"waspronouncedas/nixt/,butinModernEnglish,itspronunciationis/nait/.3)Soundaddition:Soundadditionincludesthegainorinsertionofasound.Forexample,thewordleisurewasborrowedfromFrench,sothephoneme/3/wasaddedtotheinventoryofEnglishsounds.Achangethatinvolvestheinsertionofaconsonantorvowelsoundtothemiddleofawordisknownasepenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4)Soundmovement:Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementknownasmetathesisinvolvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.Metathesisislesscommon,butitdoesexist.InsomedialectsofEnglish,forexample,thewordaskispronounced/?ks/.Also,bridd("bird")isanOldEnglishword.Whenmetathesisoccurredtothisword,themovementof/r/soundtotherightofthevowelsoundresultedinitsModernEnglishcounterpart"bird".\n评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。