英语语言学试题(8) 6页

英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题第一部分 选择题一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates_______.(   ) A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage B.thecreativenatureoflanguage C.theuniversalityoflanguage D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication2.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.(   ) A.kibl      B.bkil      C.ilkb     D.ilbk3.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→NPVP".(   ) A.hierarchical  B.linear     C.treediagram D.vertical4.Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.(   ) A.CaseCondition          B.parameter    C.AdjacentCondition         D.AdjacentParameter5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning. A.phoneme     B.word      C.phrase     D.sentence6.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.(   ) A.commisives   B.directives   C.expressives  D.declaratives7.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftime\nandatvarioushistoricalstages. A.synchronic   B.diachronic   C.comparative  D.historicalcomparative8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm. A.title+firstname        B.title+title C.titlealone           D.firstname+lastname+title9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlapping insomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".(   ) A.vocalthought         B.subvocalthought C.covertthought         D.overtthought10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?_______.(   ) A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse第二部分 非选择题二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)11.Inthecourseoftime, thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.12.Clear［1］anddark［］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobein c________distribution.13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc________antonyms.16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian, withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm________.18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanone\nlanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.19.Thebrain'sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecifictohumanbeings.20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。)判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。(   )21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.(   )22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.(   )23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.(   )24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.(   )25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.(  )26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.(   )27.ThedivisionofEnglish intoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.(   )28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.(   )29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.(   )30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。)31.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)32.phonicmediumoflanguage33.voicing34.inflectionalmorphemes35.reference36.locutionaryact37.protolanguage38.ethnic\ndialect39.registers40.acculturation五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。)41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructure inanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?Supportyourstatementwithexamples.42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)  1.A    2.A    3.B    4.C    5.D  6.A    7.B    8.C    9.D    10.A二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)  11.social     12.complementary  13.root      14.complex  15.complementary  16.utterance  17.metathesis   18.bilingualism  19.lateralization  20.transfer三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)  21.F   Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.  22.T  23.F   Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.  24.T  25.F   Itisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointisthetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferin\nsense.  26.T  27.F   ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionalandsomewhatarbitrary.  28.T  29.T  30.F   Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagetheyareexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)  31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted,ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.  32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.  33.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.  35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalkingaboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogtheword"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog".  36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.  37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.  38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itisspokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation,suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.  39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.  40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)\n  41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretree hasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratetheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements.        Forexample,thephrase"theoldmenandwomen"mayhavetwointerpretations,i.e.theadjective"old”maymodifythenoun"men",orthefollowingtwonouns"menandwomen".Linearorderanalysiscannottellthisdifference,soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortreediagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So,wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.          NP               NP    NP        NP        NP        NP  Theoldmen   and    thewomen theoldmen and  theoldwomen    42.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.     Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke'sareaandtransferredtoBroca'sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.      Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke'sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.      Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.