语言学导论课程论文 6页

外国语学院语言学导论课程论文外国语学院语言学导论课程论文课题名称：英文题目CulturalDifferencesinEnglishandChineseIdioms中文题目英汉习语中的语言文化差异学生姓名：褚宏川学号：10131140134专业：英语班级：2010级1班授课教师：韩泽亭2012年12月6\n外国语学院语言学导论课程论文CulturalDifferencesinEnglishandChineseIdiomsAbstract:Languageisthemaincarrierofculture.Idiomsaretheessenceofalanguage,andalsothequintessenceofanation’scultureandwisdom.EnglishandChineseidiomscarrythedifferentnationalculturalcharacteristicsandculturalinformation.Amongtheseidioms,alargenumberofthemareconnectedwithgeography，customs,historicalallusion,andreligion.Inordertounderstandtheseidiomsclearly,thispaperwillanalyzeculturaldifferencesfromfouraspectsofgeography,customs,historicalallusion,andreligion.摘要：语言是文化的主要载体。习语是语言的本质,也是一个国家文化和智慧的精髓。英汉习语携带不同的民族文化特色和文化信息。在这些习语中有很大一部分都与地理、风俗、历史典故、和宗教有关。为了更加清晰的理解这些习语,本文将从地理、风俗、历史典故、和宗教四个方面分析文化差异。Keywords：EnglishandChineseidioms，culturalcomparison,culturaldifferences;关键词：英汉习语;文化比较；文化差异6\n外国语学院语言学导论课程论文I.IntroductionIdiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentencewithaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromtheliteralmeaningofitscomponents.“Languageisthecarriercontainerofculture,andisstronglyinfluencedandshapedbyculture.”SoinordertolearnEnglishidioms,onecannotignoretheimportanceoftheculturalmeaningstheycontain.Astheessenceoflanguages,idiomshavetwofeatures:semanticunityandstructuralstability.Onitsbroadsense,idiomsincludingsetphrases,proverbs,sayings,colloquialisms,allusionsandsoonareanimportantpartofthelanguageandculture.Human’slifeiscloselyrelatedtogeography,customs,historicalallusion,andreligion,andthereareanincreasingnumberofEnglishandChineseidiomsaboutthemwhichareconcise,readableandvivid.Andwiththedevelopmentofeconomyandscience,globalizationisamoreandmoreobviousphenomenon.Therelationshipbetweencountriesisbecomingcloserandcloser.Inordertounderstandtheseidiomsmoreclearlyandmaketheinternationalcommunicationmoreeffectively,itisusefulandnecessarytocomparesuchidioms.Ⅱ.ReasonscausingculturaldifferencesCultureisanextremelycomplexconceptandanenormoussubject.Cultureconsistsofallthesharedproductsofhumansociety.Thismeansnotonlymaterialthingssuchascities,organizationsandschools,butalsonon-materialthingssuchasideas,customs,familypatterns,languages.Inshort,culturereferstotheentirewayofasociety,orthewayofpeople.2.1DifferentgeographyGeographicenvironmentisthefoundationofhumans’existenceanddevelopment,sodifferentgeographicenvironmentshavedifferentinfluencesontheformationanddevelopmentofthenations’culture.ChinaislocatedinEasternAsia,thewestcoastofPacificOcean.Chinaisalwaysacountrywhichagricultureplaysanimportantrolesinceancienttime,soalargenumberofidiomsrelatedtoagriculturehavebeeninuse.e.g.(1)槁木死灰——witheredwoodorcoldashes(2)骨瘦如柴——beleanasarake(3)脚踩两只船——sitonthefenceTheUKislocatedintheWesternHemisphere.Livingonanisland,theEnglisharekeenonsailingandtraveling,theEnglishlanguageaboundsinidiomsconnectedwith6\n外国语学院语言学导论课程论文navigation.e.g.(1)allatsea——不知所措(2)inthesameboat——同舟共济(3)Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim——不要班门弄斧(4)asstrongasahorse——力大如牛(5)drinklikeahorse——牛饮2.2DifferentcustomsCustomisasocialphenomenon,whichinvolvesvariousaspectsofsociallife.SocialcustomisanimportantpartofcultureanditisalsoacriticaldifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseculture.Thedifferencesareindicatedfromtheidiomsrelatedtoanimalsandcolors.InChina,idiomsrelatedtodragonareusuallypositivewhileidiomsrelatedtodogareoftennegative.Forexample:“狐朋狗友”,“狗急跳墙”,“狗头”.AlthoughinEnglish,“dog”containsderogatoryconnotation,suchas:“gotothedogs”,“dielikeadog”,“leadadog’slife”,“aslydog”,“blushlikeablackdog”,“putonthedog”.However,Englishidiomsareopposite.“Dragon”isadivinetotemintheChineseculture,andisgreatlyadmiredbytheChinesepeopleandtheyconsiderthemselvesasthedescendantsofthedragon.Dragonisthesymbolofallauspiciousanimals.Forexample:“望子成龙”,“龙腾虎跃”,“卧虎藏龙”,“龙盘虎踞”.InEnglishtheword“dragon”symbolizesevil.Suchas:“theolddragon”,“dragon’steeth”.Additionally,Chinesepeopletake“owl”asasymbolofbadluck.ButintheUK,thereis“aswiseasanowl”.“owl”inEnglishstandsforwisdom.Redisusuallyconsideredasasymbolofhappinessandthriving,butitisusuallyrelatedtoviolenceandbloodinEnglish.InChina,“magpie”isabirdthattellspeoplegoodnews.IntheUK,magpieisanoisybird.e.g.(6)狗急跳墙——aconcernedbeastwilldosomethingdesperate(7)乘龙快婿——anidealson-in-law(8)Loveme,lovemydog——爱屋及乌(9)aluckydog——幸运儿(10)thedayinthesun——红极一时(11)aredragtoabull——激起暴怒的缘由6\n外国语学院语言学导论课程论文2.3InfluenceofhistoricalallusionHistoricalallusionisrichinhistoricalandculturalinformation,whichhasastrongethniccoloranddistinctiveculturalidentity.Itisthebesttoreflectthecharacteristicsofdifferenthistoricalcultures.ManyChineseidiomscomefromfables,historicaleventsandfolklegends.e.g.(1)亡羊补牢——It’snevertoolatetomend.(2)三顾茅庐——makethreecallsatthethatchedcottage(3)愚公移山——howYugongmovedthemountainsComparedwiththat,manyEnglishidiomsarefromancientGreekandRomanmythsandtheworkswrittenbygreatmasterssuchasShakespeare.e.g.(1)atonefellswoop——刹那之间(2)arrowofCupid——丘比特之箭(3)theTrojanhorse——特洛伊木马2.4InfluenceofreligionEverynationalityhasitsownreligiousbeliefandcultureandithasinfluenceonhuman’svalues,behaviorsandlinguisticexpression.Asaresult,manyidiomsrelatedtoreligionappearedinbothEnglishandChinese.BuddhismandTaoismarethetwomajorreligionsinChina’shistory.Ontheotherhand,ChristianityhasthebiggestimpactinEurope,andmanyEnglishidiomsarefromtheBibleandChristianity.e.g.(1)借花献佛——offerapresenttoaguestwithotherpeople’sthings(2)道高一尺，魔高一丈——Whilethepriestclimbsapost,thedevilclimbsten(3)fingeronthewall——不祥之兆(4)Forbiddenfruitissweetest——禁果分外甜ConclusionsTosumup,Idiomsaretheessenceofthenationallanguageandthepartoflanguage,andtherichestinnationalculturalcharacteristics.wemustlearnaboutEnglishandChineseidiomsthroughtheirdifferentculture.Onlythatcanwecomprehendtheaplentyandprofoundconnotationofidiomsinabetterway.6\n外国语学院语言学导论课程论文Bibliography[1]王振亚.语言与文化[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.[2]陈瑜敏.从英语动物类习语的文化渊源分析其汉译方法[J].韶关学院学报,2005.[3]郭建中.文化与翻译[C].北京:中国对外翻译出版社,2000.[4］李景韩．李健.汉英习语成语对应词典［M］．中国国际广播出版社．1990[5]刘俊.动物词的比喻形象看词语与文化[J].湖北农学院,2002.6