语言学导论作业答案 6页

语言学导论作业答案第一次作业答案Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?D：MeaningfulnessIfalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______.C：descriptiveThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.错误Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.正确Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas_____.C：secondaryAdiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.错误Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.错误Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_____andmeanings.B：soundsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.B：True_____isthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.D:SemanticsThebranchoflinguisticstudycalled_____isconcernedwithhowspeakersusethesentencesofalanguagetoachieveeffectiveandsuccessfulcommunication.B:pragmaticsWhenlanguageisusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas,itservesa_____function.D:phaticBy_____,wemeanlanguagecanrefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.C:displacementLanguageservesthe________functionwhenitisusedtoexpressthespeaker'sfeelingorattitudeortoarouseacertainfeelingorattitudeinthehearer.C:emotiveForeignlanguagelearners'errorsmaybecausedby________.D:alltheabovethree\nWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotaccountfortheprimacyofspeechoverwritinginlinguisticanalysis?_______B:Speechismorecomplexthanwriting.A______isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichanaffixcanbeadded.C:stem_____studiesthechangesinlanguageandlanguageusewithrespecttosocialfactors.A:Sociolinguistics_____areproducedwhenthenasalpassageisopenedbyloweringthesoftpalateantthebackofthethroatandtheairisallowedtopassthroughit.C:NasalsOfthefollowingsounds,______isaroundedvowel.B:[u:]WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE:A:Languageisjustforcommunication.Thereare______morphemesintheword"policemen".B:threeThesyllabicstructureoftheword"children"is______.A:CVCCVC第二次作业答案Somelanguagesareinferior,orsuperior,tootherlanguages.正确答案：错误Forthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequireslittleconsciousinstructiononthepartofadults.  正确答案：正确Observationsofchildrenindifferentlanguageareasoftheworldrevealthatthedevelopmentalstagesaresimilar,possiblyuniversal,whateverthenatureoftheinput.  正确答案：正确Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.正确答案：正确Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.正确答案：错误Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.正确答案：错误Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.\n正确答案：错误Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.正确答案：错误Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.正确答案：错误Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.正确答案：正确Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.正确答案：正确  Hyponymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.正确答案：错误  “Smog”isawordformedbytheword-formingprocesscalledacronymy.正确答案：错误Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.正确答案：错误  Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.正确答案：错误Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.正确答案：正确TheCooperativePrincipleisadvancedbyPaulGrice.正确答案：正确  ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedbyHalliday.  正确答案：错误Componentialanalysisisawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.正确答案：正确“alive”and“dead”arecomplementaryantonyms.正确答案：正确第三次作业答案1Morphemesthatmayconstitutewordsbythemselvesare______.FreemorphemesorContentmorphemes2Wordswhichconsistmorethanonefreemorphemesarecalled_____.transparentwords\n 3Morphemesthatcannotoccuralonearecalled_________.boundmorphemes4A____isthebaseformofawordthatcannotfurtherbeanalyzedwithouttotallossofidentityRoot 5______affixesdonotchangethewordclassofthewordtheyattachto.Inflectional6An______isthecollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Affix7A____isanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichanaffixcanbeadded.Stem8Theword"brunch"isformedbywayof_____from"breakfast"and"lunch".Clipping 9______isabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestehinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Morphology10_______isthestudyoftehformationofsentencesinalanguage.Syntax11The_______relationisarelationholdingbetweenelementsreplaceablewitheachotherataparticularplaceinastructure,orbetweenoneelementpresentandtheothersabsent.Paradigmatic12"PoorJohn"and"ranaway"arethe _____constituentsofthesentence"PoorJohnranaway".Immediate13Thephrase"ontheshelf"isan______construction.pp（prepositionalphrase）14MichaelA.K.Hallidayhasdevelopedthe______grammar.TG15Thetransformational-generativegrammarwasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistNoam______.Chomskyin195716"WTO"isan ______madeupfromtehfirstlettersofthenameoftheorganization"WorldTradeOrganization".Acronyms17____isthesmallestunitoflanguage intermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.Word第四次作业答案Thestatement"Hiscarisyellow"entailsthestatement"Hehasacar".  正确答案：错误Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.  正确答案：正确Infirstlanguageacquisition,imitationplays___.  A：aminorrole  B：asignificantrole  C：abasicrole  D：norole  正确答案：A_____areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.  A：Words  B：Morphemes  C：Phonemes  D：Sentences  正确答案：BBoundmorphemesarethosethat____.  A：havetobeused\nindependently  B：cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemes  C：canstandaswordsontheirown  D：havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes  正确答案：D  Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_____.  A：lexical  B：morphemic  C：grammatical  D：semantic  正确答案：CA____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.  A：back  B：central  C：front  D：middle  正确答案：CSenseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.正确答案：错误Thesound/f/is____.  A：voicedpalatalaffricate  B：voicedalveolarstop  C：voicelessvelarfricative  D：voicelesslabiodentalfricative  正确答案：DSince/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe_____.  A：inphonemiccontrast  B：incomplementarydistribution  C：theallophones  D：minimalpair  正确答案：ATheassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones______.  A：identical  B：same  C：exactlyalike  D：similar  正确答案：D____isavoicedalveolarstop.  A：/z/  B：/d/  C：/k/  D：/b/  正确答案：BThesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.  A：voiceless  B：voiced  C：vowel  D：consonantal  正确答案：AAccordingtoGrice’stheory,aconversationalimplicatureariseswhenthecooperativeprincipleanditsmaximsare_______.  A:strictlyobserved  B:secretlyanddeliberatelyviolated  C:blatantlyorapparentlyviolated  D:BothAandB  正确答案：CTeachingcultureinourlanguageclassescan_______.  A:getthestudentsfamiliarwithculturaldifferences  B:helpthestudentstranscendtheirowncultureandseethingsasthemembersofthetargetculturewill  C:emphasizetheinseparabilityofunderstandinglanguageandunderstandingculturethroughvariousclassroompractices  D:Alloftheabove.  正确答案：D  Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmachinetranslationislikelytobewrong?_______.  A:Machinetranslationhasalwaysbeenachiefconcernincomputationallinguistics.  B:Thereareareaswheremachinetranslationsurpasseshumantranslations.  C:Soonerorlater,machinetranslationwillreplacehumantranslationcompletely.  D:Insomeareas,humantranslationssurpasses\nmachinetranslation.  正确答案：CWhichofthefollowingqualitiesisnottherequirementofagoodtest?_______.  A:Objectivity  B:Reliability  C:Validity  D:BothAandC  正确答案：AManyChineseEnglishlearnersmay,atthebeginningstage,produce“mans”and“photoes”asthepluralformsof“man”and“photo”.Thisismostlikelytheresultof_______intheprocessofforeignlanguagelearning.  A:Negativetransfer  B:Overgeneralization  C:Positivetransfer  D:mothertongueinterference  正确答案：BTherelationbetweenthetwowords“buy”and“sell”canbedescribedas____.  A:gradableantonymy  B:converseantonymy  C:complementaryantonymy  D:synonymy  正确答案：B_______areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.  A:Roots  B:Stems  C:Affixes  D:Compounds正确答案：CThesyllabicstructureoftheword“achieved”is______.      A:VCCVCC  B:VCVCC        C:VCVVCVC        D:VCCVCVC正确答案：BTheCooperativePrinciplethatlanguageusersarebelievedtofollowwasinitiallyproposedby_________.  A:Grice  B:Austin  C:Chomsky  D:Saussure  正确答案：ALanguageservesthe_______functionwhenitisusedtotalkaboutlanguageitself.  A:recreational  B:metalingual  C:phatic  D:performative  正确答案：B