语言学期末复习 10页

1.Thesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsocietyiscalled________.A.sociolinguisticsB.neurolinguisticsC.macrolinguisticsD.microlinguistics2.Whichofthefollowingsdoesn’tbelongtodialectalvarieties?_______.A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia3.Thedialectwhichiscausedbysocialstatusis________.A.regionaldialectB.sociolectC.idiolectD.diglossia4.Standarddialectis_________.A.designatedastheofficialornationallanguageofacountryB.adialectachildacquiresnaturallylikehisregionaldialectC.usedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposeD.usedbypeoplewhobelongtothehighersocialstatus5.Sometimes,twovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay.Thisphenomenonis_____.A.bilingualismB.diglossiaC.pidginD.creole6.WhichofthefollowingsdoesNOTconstitutethereasonforregionaldialect?A.Geographicalbarrier.B.Loyaltytoone’snativespeech.C.Theexistenceofstandarddialect.D.Physicalandpsychologicalresistancetochange.7.AspeakerusestheStandardEnglishdialectwheninteractingwithstrangers,andusesadifferentdialectwheninteractingwithindividualswhomsherecognizesasmembersofherownsocialgroup.Thisillustrateswhichofthefollowingtypesoflinguisticbehavior?A.Hypercorrection.B.Negativetransfer.C.Code-switching.D.Borrowing.8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottheconcernofsociolinguistics?A.Thelanguageapersonusesrevealshissocialbackground.B.Thereexistsocialnormsthatdeterminethetypeoflanguagetobeusedonacertainoccasion.\nC.Howdoesthehumanmindworkwhentheyuselanguage.D.Toinvestigatethesocialaspectsoflanguage.9.Theword“language”issometimesusedtorefertothewholeofaperson’slanguage.Thisiscalled________.A.scientificlanguageB.idiolectC.colloquiallanguageD.formallanguage10.Theformofagivenlanguageusedinacertaingeographicalspaceiscalled____.A.styleB.dialectC.registerD.pidgin11.AccordingtoSapir-whorfHypothesis,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.B.Languagefilterspeople’sperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.C.Languagepatternsdetermineorinfluencepeople’sthinkingandbehavior.D.Languagestructurepeoplehabituallyuseshowsnoinfluenceonpeople’sbehavior.12.WhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisNOTtrue?A.Languageuseistintedwithitsculture.B.Languageexpressesculturalreality.C.Therelationshipisanalogoustothatofstructuresandprocesses.D.Therelationshipoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.13.Thefamousline“Myloveisared,redrose.”stirsupvividlytheimaginationofabeautifullady.Thisisthe_______meaningof“rose”.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.dictionary14.Themeaningcanbefoundinthedictionaryisthe_______meaningofaword.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.iconicD.culture15.InEnglish,“green”inthephrase“green-eyes”isassociatedwith________.A.unhappyfeelingsB.highsocialpositionC.envyorjealousyD.negativequalities16.FrancehasmadespecialeffortstoprotectitslanguagefrombeingcorruptedbyotherlanguagesespeciallyAmericanEnglish.Thisisakindof________.A.linguisticsimperialismB.linguisticnationalismC.culturalimperialismD.culturaldiffusion17.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisisabout________.A.languageandthoughtB.languageandtranslationC.grammaticalstructureD.secondlanguageacquisition\n18.Sapir-Whorfhypothesisisalsoknownaslinguistics________.A.reliabilityB.relativityC.reversibilityD.reachability19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnonverbalcommunicationisNOTtrue?A.Nonverbalcommunicationandculturearesimilarinthatbotharelearned,botharepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration,andbothinvolvesharedunderstandings.B.Studyingnonverbalbehaviorcanleadtothediscoveryofaculture’sunderlyingattitudesandvalues.C.Nonverbalactionsalwaysoccurinisolation.D.Nonverbalcommunicationhasfivebasicfunctions:torepeat,tocomplement,tosubstituteforaverbalaction,toregulate,andtocontradictacommunicationevent.20.WhichstatementisNOTrightindescribingthebehaviorists’view?A.Behavioristsviewstressesimitation,stimulationandreinforcement.B.Behavioristsofferareasonableaccountofhowchildrenacquiresomeoftheregularandroutineaspectsofthelanguage.C.Behavioristsholdthatchildrenlearnthelanguagegraduallyinmuchthesamewayashabit-forming.D.behaviorist’saccountsareconvincingespeciallywhenitisusedtoexplainchildren’sacquiringcomplexsystem.21.AccordingtoChomsky,theUniversalGrammaris________.A.gotthroughimitationandpracticeB.acquiredthroughtheinteractionwiththeenvironmentC.pre-equippedinchildren’sbrainsD.gainedspecificallyforeachlanguage22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilityinlearningtheirfirstlanguage.B.Linguisticenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinfirstlanguagelearning.C.Achildcanbeginhisfirstlanguageacquisitionatanytime.D.Itiseasyforparentstoteachtheirchildrengrammar.23.Thechildmaygetconfusedathearingthecolorofwhiteusedforpaperwhenhe/shefirstthoughtisasthewordforsnow.Thisisanexamplefor________.A.under-extensionB.over-extensionC.hearingimpairmentD.mentalretardation24.Aroundtheageof2,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterancessuchas“mommysock”,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthisisNOTtrue.\nA.Thiskindofspeechiscalledtelegraphicspeech.B.Thiskindofspeechiscalledcaretakertalk.C.Therearecontentwordsinthespeech.D.Therearenotfunctionelementsinthespeech.25.Thechildrenknowthetaboowords,thepoliteformsofaddressingduring___.A.pragmaticdevelopmentB.atypicaldevelopmentC.grammaticaldevelopmentD.vocabularydevelopment26.Thetheoryofuniversalgrammarwasproposedby______.A.NoamChomskyB.FirthC.F.D.SaussureD.Sapir27.ThefollowingstatementsabouterroranalysisaretrueEXCEPT_______.A.theoncepredominantcontrastiveanalysiswasgraduallyreplacedbyerroranalysis.B.differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,erroranalysisgiveslessconsiderationtonativelanguage.C.erroranalysiscomparestheformsandmeaningsacrossthenativeandtargetlanguages.D.twomainsortsoferrorswerediagnosed:interlingualerrorsandintralingualerrors.28.SomeChineselearnersofEnglishtendtopronounce“three”as“tree”and“this”as“dis”.Thisiscausedby_________.A.interlingualinterferenceB.intralingualinterferenceC.cognitivefactorsD.semanticchange29.Thecommonerrorssuchas“he/shehas/havetotouchthesociety”inChineseEnglishlearnersbelongto_______.A.systematocityB.permeabilityC.fossilizationD.substitution30.Generally4typesofmotivationhavebeenidentifiedinthesecondlanguagelearning“Learnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.”iscalled_______motivation.A.instrumentalB.integrativeC.resultativeD.intrinsic31.Amongvariousdivisionsoflearningstrategies.ThosebyChamot(1986)andOxford(1990)arewidelyaccepted.“Thetechniquesinplanningmonitoringandevaluatingone’slearning”iscalled________.A.cognitiveB.metacognitiveC.affectD.social32.Inthefollowingstatementsaboutmotivation,whichoneisNOTtrue?A.Itisdefinedasthelearner’sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive.B.Ithasastrongimpactonalearner’seffortsinlearningasecondlanguage.\nC.Itplaysanimportantroleinlearners’useoflearningstrategies.D.Itoccursonlywhenlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.33.________’sInputHypothesisisoneofthemostfamoustheoriesamongdifferentmodelsoflanguageacquisition.A.KrashenB.ChomskyC.AustineD.Halliday34.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenbrainandlanguageiscalled_______.A.sociolinguisticsB.macrolinguisticsC.microlinguisticsD.neurolinguistics35.ThebrainstemmaintainstheessentialfunctionsEXCEPT______.A.heartrateB.muscleco-ordinationC.respirationD.memory36.The“rightearadvantage”means________.A.therightearhasanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignals.B.therightearisbetteratenvironmentalsoundssuchasbirdsongsC.humanbeingscangetsoundsonlyfromtherightearD.theleftearcan’tgetthelinguisticsignalsatanytime37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Theinformationfromtheleftsideofthebodyisreceivedonlybytherightsideofthebrainandviceversa.B.Theinformationfromtheleftsideofthebodyisreceivedonlybytheleftsideofthebrainandviceversa.C.Thebrainisdividedintotwosections:thelowersectioncalledthebrainstemandhighersectioncalledcerebrum.D.Thecortexisseparatedbythelongitudinalfissureinto2parts:theleftandrightcerebralhemispheres.38.________referstothelearninganddevelopmentofalanguage.A.LanguageacquisitionB.LanguagecomprehensionC.LanguageproductionD.Languageinstruction39.Theword“Motel”comesfrom“motor+hotel”.Thisisanexampleof________inmorphology.A.backformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronym\n40.Languageisttoolofcommunication.Thesymbol“HighwayClosed”onahighwayservesA.anexpressivefunction.B.aninformativefunction.C.aperformativefunction.D.apersuasivefunction.41.‘Linguisticdeterminism’and‘linguisticrelativity’havealternativelybeenusedtoreferto_____.A.cross-culturalcommunicationB.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisC.anthropologicallinguisticsD.ethnographyofcommunication42.ThemostrecentadvanceinCDtechnologyusedinCALListhedevelopmentof_____.A.CD-ROMB.CD-RC.CD-ID.HVD43.Whatdoes‘mousepotato’mean?A.amousepadB.amouseshapedlikeapotatoC.apotatoasfoodforthemouseD.acomputeraddict44.Whichofthefollowingformsofwritingaremorelikelytouseforegrounding?A.Poetry.B.Diary.C.ResearchPapers.D.Novels.45.“_____”isoftenunderstoodasalanguagesystembetweenthetargetlanguageandthelearner’snativelanguage.A.InputHypothesisB.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisC.InterlanguageD.ContrastiveAnalysis 单选答案：1-10：ADBABCCCBB\n11-20：DCCACBABCD21-30：CBABAACACC31-40：BDADDABACC41-45:BBDAC II.多选题：1.Whichofthefollowingareforegrounded?A.The1960dreamofhighriselivingsoonturnedintoanightmare.B.Thespeechwasmade29October1941totheboysatChurchill’soldpublicschool,Harrow.C.Neverinthefieldofhumanconflictwassomuchowedbysomanytosofew.D.Wehavenotjourneyedacrossthecenturies,acrosstheoceans,acrossthemountains,acrosstheprairies,becausewearemadeofsugarcandy.2.Whichofthefollowingincludeametonymy?A.Bythishourthevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.B.Thekettleboils.C.Landsbelongtothecrown.D.Theyhaveafleetoffiftysails.3.WhichofthefollowinglinesaremostlikelyfromthepoemsofE.E.Cummings?A.l(a/le/af/fa/ll/s)/one/l/inessB.amwas.areleavesfewthis.istheseaor/scratchilyoverwhichofearthdraggedonceC.ihadanunclenamed/SolwhowasabornfailureandD.AwomanIforswore;butIwillprove,/Thoughbeingagoddess,Iforsworenotthee:4.Whichofthefollowinginvolve‘generalcontexteffects’?A.Youcanunderstandeverywordofabaseballcommentarybutyoudonotknowwhatitistalkingabout.B.Youdonotunderstandasentencebutwhenyoureadthenextsentenceyoucanknowthemeaningofthefirstone.C.Youdonotknowwhyinaforeignmoviepeoplesayyesastheyshaketheirheads.D.Youdonotknowwhatatextisaboutuntilyouaregiventhetitleofthetext.5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbemadeaboutsociolinguistics?A.Ithascontributedtoafreshlookatthenatureoflanguagedevelopmentanduse.B.Ithascontributedtothedevelopmentoftheoreticallinguistics.\nC.Ithascontributedtoachangeofemphasisinthecontentoflanguageteaching.D.Ithascontributedtoinnovationsinmaterialsandactivitiesforthelanguageclassroom.6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofacomputercorpus?A.Itisalargebodyofmachine-readabletexts.B.Itisacollectionoflinguisticdata.C.Itsmainpurposeistoverifyahypothesisaboutlanguage.D.Itdealswiththeprinciplesandpracticeofusingcorporainlanguagestudy.7.WhichofthefollowingtermsarerelatedtoCognitiveLinguistics?A.Wordrecognition.B.Languageacquisition.C.Construaloperations.D.Categorization.8.WhichofthefollowingareNOTtrueofthe“womenregister”?A.Womenusemore“fancy”colorterms.B.Womenusestrongerswearingwords.C.Womenusemoreintensifiers.D.Womenusemoredirectexpressions.9.Whichofthefollowingincludeametaphor?A.Hiseyescameoutofhisheadlikeaprawn’s.B.Thehallwaywaszebra-stripedwithdarknessandmoonlight.C.Thethoughtwasafireinhim.D.Theworldisalooking-glass,andgivesbacktoeverymanthereflectionofhisownface.10.Whichofthefollowingarewritingsofstreamofconsciousness?A.PrideandPrejudiceB.TotheLighthouse.C.AsILayDying.D.JaneEyre.11.Whichofthefollowingbooktitlescontain“alliteration”?A.VowelsandConsonants.B.GonewiththeWind.C.SexandtheCity.D.TheWonderofWords.多选答案：1-5：CD，BC，ABC，AC，ACD，\n6-10：ABC，CD，BD，BCD，BC，11：BCD，III.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).(10points,1pointeach)1)Dualityreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures，suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.2)ArticulatoryPhoneticsstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds.3)Theadjectiveisanopenclassofwords.4)The“partsofspeech”intraditionalgrammarisoftenreferredtoas“wordclass”today.5)“Hot”and“cold”areconverseantonyms.6)Theholophrasticstageisthematurephaseoflanguageacquisition.7)Menusestrongercursewordsthanwomen.8)TheRelevanceTheorywassuggestedbyH.P.Grice.9)StreamofconsciousnesswasusedinthewritingsofWilliamFaulkner.10)Machinetranslationcanbeusedforrestrictedtechnicalpurposes,suchastheweatherreport.辨析题答案：1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F9.T10.TDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(15points)1.Arbitrarinessmeansyoucanuselanguageinanywayyoulike.2.TheEnglishsyllablemayhaveasmanyasthreeconsonantsinthecodaposition.3.Whendividingsyllables,wenormallyputconsonantsinthecodaposition.4.“Radar”isaninventedword.5.Theconsonant[x]existedinOldEnglish.6.TodaywenormallysaythatEnglishhastwotenses:presentandpast.7.AccordingtoJ.Firbas,CommunicativeDynamismrefersto“theextenttowhichthesentenceelementcontributestothedevelopmentofthecommunication.”8.Leech’sconceptualmeaninghastwosides:senseandreference.9.Inlogicalsymbols,∀means“all”and∃means“some”.10.Deviationcorrespondstothetraditionalideaofpoeticlicense:thewriterofliteratureisallowed–incontrasttotheeverydayspeaker–todeviatefromrules,maxims,orconventions.11.Coupletsaretwolinesofverse,usuallyconnectedbyarhyme.12.Alanguagethathassevencolortermshasreachedthelaststageofevolution.13.InHopi,asimplequestionlike‘Areyougoingtoeatriceandcassavanow?’willhaveseveraldifferenttranslationsinaccordancewiththeactualsituations.14.MTcannowberealizedontheinternet.15.Aconcordanceisalistingofthecontextsinwhichawordappears,asretrievedfromacomputercorpus. 正误辨析答案：1.F2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T7.T8.T9.T10.T11.T12.F13.F14.T15.T\n