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- 2022-08-11 发布
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一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中选择一个或几个符合题目要求的选项,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.“IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2,000yearsago.”Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____. A.arbitrariness B.creativity C.duality D.displacement 2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJacobson’sframeworkoflanguagefunctions? A.Thereferentialfunctionistoindulgeinlanguageforitsownsake. B.Theemotivefunctionistoconveymessageandinformation. C.Theconativefunctionistoclearupintentions,wordsandmeanings. D.Thephaticfunctionistoestablishcommunionwithothers. 3.“Don’tendasentencewithapreposition.”Thisisanexampleof_____rules. A.prescriptive B.descriptive C.transformational D.functional 4.AccordingtoG.B.Shaw’sridiculeofEnglishorthography,thenon-existentwordghoticanbepronouncedinthesamewayas_____. A.goat B.hot C.fish D.foot 5.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionof[v]? A.voicelesslabiodentalfricative B.voicedlabiodentalfricative C.voicelesslabiodentalstop D.voicedlabiodentalstop 6.Traditionalgrammarseesasentenceas_____. A.asequenceofmorphemes B.asequenceofclauses C.asequenceofwords D.asequenceofphrases 7.Intoday’sgrammarwenormallysaythatEnglishdoesnothavea“futuretense.”ThisisbecauseinEnglish_____. A.thefutureisnotexpressedbymorphologicalchange B.thefuturecanbeexpressedinmanyways C.thefuturebelongstothecategoryof“aspect” D.thefutureisexpressedbymodalverbs. 8.Amajordifferenceofthevariousmodelsofgenerativegrammarliesinwherethe_____componentispositioned. A.base B.transformational C.semantic D.phonological 9._____isconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitrefersto. A.Connotative B.Denotative C.Affective D.Reflected 10.Whichofthefollowingaregradableantonyms? A.good:bad B.male:female C.young:old D.buy:sell 二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)\n 11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand. 12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________. 13.Utteranceisbasedon________ ________;itis therealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext. 14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently. 15.Consonantsoundscanbeeither v_____orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题,正确的在题后括号内写“T”,错的写“F”,并说明理由。每小题2分,共20分) 16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.( ) 17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.( ) 18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.( ) 19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.( ) 20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.( ) 21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgmentandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.( ) 22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。( ) 23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.( ) 24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.( ) 25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.( ) 四、名词解释(每小题3分,共30分) 26.generallinguistics 27.suprasegmentalfeatures 28.rootandstem 29.hierarchicalstructure 30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview 31.maximsofqualityandmanner 32.blending 33.sociolect 34.subvocalspeech 35.contrastiveanalysis 五、论述题(每小题10分,共20分)\n 36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment. 37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age普通语言学试题(一)参考答案 一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分) 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 11.C 12.ABD 13.C 14.B 15.AC 二、填空题(每空1分,共10分) 11.wordsquestion 12.socialgroups 13.sentencemeaning 14.polyglot 15.voiceless voiced voiced 三、判断说明题(每小题2分,共20分) 16.T 17.F(Senseandreference…) 18.F(scientificstudyoflanguage) 19.F(finiteverb…) 20.F(diachronic) 21.F(novaluejudgement) 22.T 23.T 24.F(morpheme) 25.F(oneoftheparts) 四、名词解释(每小题3分,共30分)\n 26.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics. 27.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments. 28.Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded. 29.Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP. 30.Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto. 31.Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorwithoutadequateevident;Avoidobscurityofexpressionandambiguity,bebriefandorderly. 32.Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords. 33.Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass. 34.Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage. 35.Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes. 五、论述题(每小题10分,共20分) 36.(1)thehuntersareshooting;thehuntersareshot; (2)youngmenandyoungwomen;youngmenand(notyoung)women (3)thepresidentappointsothers;thepresidentisappointed. 37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganize un-:not,reverse,e.g.unhappy,unlock anti-:against,anti-drug,anti-imperialism super-greaterthanusual,e.g.superpower,superman -wise:inthemannerof,e.g.clockwise,moneywise -itis:infection.e.g.bronchitis,arthritis -ize:makeinto,e.g.realize,modernize -age:process.e.g.mileage,linkage