语言学填空题 3页

填空题Chapter11.functionisrealizedbymoodandmodality.【答案】Interpersonal2.Hallidayproposesatheoryofmetalingualfunctionsoflanguage,thatis,languagehas,interpersonalandtextualfunctions.【答案】ideational3.Somesentencesdonotdescribethings.Theycannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse.Theutteranceofthesesentencesisorisapartofthedoingofanaction.Theyarecalledp.【答案】performative1.studiesmeaninginlanguage,isaboutprinciplesofformingandunderstandingcorrectEnglishsentences,andisconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.Theyareallamongthemainbranchesoflinguistics.【答案】semantics；syntax；morphology2.Inlinguistics,referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentences.【答案】Syntax3.studieshowthespeechsoundsaremade,transmitted,andreceived,andstudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distributionandsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.【答案】phonetics;phonology1.isthestudyofthelanguage-processingmechanisms.Itisconcernedwiththestorage,comprehension,productionandacquisitionoflanguage;,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Theybothbelongtobranchesofmacrolinguistics.【答案】psycholinguistics;sociolinguistics2.Computationallinguisticscanbeseenasabranchofappliedlinguistics,dealingwithcomputerofhumanlanguage.【答案】processing1.grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguage,whilegrammarstellpeoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.Mostcontemporarylinguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursnaturallyinthelanguageshouldbedescribed.【答案】descriptive；prescriptive2.Inlinguistics,languagesarestudiedatatheoreticalpointintime:onedescribesa‘state’ofthelanguage,disregardingwhateverchangesmightbetakingplace.【答案】synchronicChapter21.Consonantarticulationsarerelativelyeasytofeel,andasaresultaremostconvenientlydescribedintermsofplaceandofarticulation.\n　【答案】manner2.areproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impede,orcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.　【答案】consonantsChapter31.Therearetwofieldsofmorphology:thestudyofandthestudyof.【答案】inflectional；lexical/derivational2.Amorphemeisonethatcannotconstituteawordbyitself.【答案】bound3.isabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiestheinterrelationshipbetweenphonologyandmorphology.【答案】Morphophonology1.isarelativelycomplexformofcompoundinginwhichanewwordisformedbyjoiningtheinitialpartofonewordandthefinalpartofanotherword.Forexample,theEnglishwordsmogismadefromand.【答案】blending；smoke；fog2.TheprincipleofCreationcanaccountfortheco-existenceoftwoforms,regularandirregular,intheconjugationofsomeEnglishverbs.【答案】Analogical3.Back-formationreferstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletinganaffixfromalongerformalreadyinthelanguage.【答案】imaginedChapter41.______referstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformallinksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.【答案】CohesionChapter51.AccordingtoGLeech,meaningisthecommunicativevalueanexpressionhasbyvirtueofwhatitrefersto,overandaboveitspurelyconceptualcontent【答案】connotative2.AccordingtoG.Leech,meaningreferstowhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker／writer.【答案】affective1.“XbuyssomethingfromY”and“YsellssomethingtoX”areinarelationof.【答案】converseantonymy2.Termslike“desk”and“stool”areoftheterm\n“furniture”.【答案】(co-)hyponyms3.“Tulip”,“rose”and“violet”areallincludedinthenotionof“flower”.Therefore,theyaresuperordinatesof“flower”【答案】FChapter91.“Theworldislikeastage”isanexampleof,and“Alltheworldisastage”isanexampleof.Theyareoftenusedinanalyzingfeaturesofliterarylanguage.nnn【答案】simile；metaphor1.Atdifferenttimes,differentpatternsofmetreandsoundhavedevelopedandbecomeacceptedaswaysofstructuringpoems.Amongthem,consistsoflinesiniambicpentameterwhichdonotrhyme.【答案】blankverse2.Afootcontainstwosyllables.Astressedsyllablecomesfirst,followingbyanunstressedsyllable.【答案】trochee