托福生物学词汇 13页

普通生物学GeneralBiology以下内容由peter整理：将植物学、动物学、生物学词汇进行分类、归并，并按逻辑关系排列，便于记忆。植物学Botanybotany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝\ntwig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub/bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物clubmosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither/shrivel/fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交rootpressure根压\nbore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate(starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourished营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumblossom梅花orchid兰花\nchrysanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus/heliotrope/sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦动物学ZoologyZoology动物学ornithology鸟类学entomology昆虫学Marinebiology海洋生物学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学Genetics遗传学Evolutionarybiology进化生物学paleontology古生物学\npaleontologist古生物学家dinosaurIchthyosaurtyrannosauruspterosaur恐龙鱼龙暴龙翼龙dieout/extinction灭绝flora植物faunainvertebratemolluskcoelenteratevertebrateamphibianreptilemamalprimate动物无脊椎动物软体动物腔肠动物脊椎动物两栖动物爬行动物哺乳动物灵长动物protozoa原生动物plankton浮游生物aquaticlife水生生物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物microbe微生物one-celledorganism单细胞有机体single-cell单细胞yeast酵母（菌）bacteria细菌fungi真菌algae藻类underwater水下的\nmarine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器tissue（动植物细胞的）组织tentacle触须insecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare产后护理navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器spawn产卵hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring/descendants子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物habitat栖息地homotherm恒温动物endothermpoikilotherm变温动物ectothermherbivore食草动物herbivorous食草的carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉的scavenger食腐动物omnivorous杂食的habitat栖息地symbiosis共生parasitism寄生\npredator捕食者prey捕食；被捕食者cannibalism同类相食camouflage伪装(disguise)protectivecoloration保护色hibernate冬眠；蛰伏dormancy休眠regeneration再生predatory/carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食community动物的群落或人的部落population种群hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖\nanatomy解剖学appetite食欲scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊髓；vertebra脊椎respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系统digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland消化腺salivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰分类学Taxonomy\nspecimen标本hierarchy物种分类的阶元或等级Phylum门Class纲Order目Suborder亚目Family科Genus属Species种Variety变种进化与遗传evolution进化darwinism达尔文学说originofspecies物种起源naturalselection自然选择animaladaptation动物适应性survivalofthefittest适者生存genetics遗传学heredity遗传cell细胞cellwall细胞壁plasmalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cytoplasm细胞质nucleus细胞核chromosome染色体protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸\nmutation突变variation变异mutationofspecies物种变异geneticengineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形水生动物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼\nsquirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼\n鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰hawk等的）嘴昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂yellowjacketspider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须\nlarva幼虫非昆虫oceanicsnail蜗牛centipede蜈蚣