2012统计学A答案 11页

班级：学号：姓名：装订线杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院2011—2012学年第一学期期末考试《环境统计学》试卷（A）参考答案一、基础统计分析1、用下表人类头发颜色观测频次（O）的抽样数据，要求：（1）填写头发颜色的理论频次分布；（2）用卡方好适度检测和对数似然比例(G-test)检测人类黑色、棕色、金色和红色头发颜色是否吻合2：2：2：1的颜色分布。BlackBrownBlondRedNO50502020140E40404020140X2=15.0>7.81P<0.05G=16.9>7.81P<0.05头发颜色不符合2：2：2：1卡方检验：X2=（注意只有在自由度=1的时候，要减去0.5）G检验：O(实际值)，E(理论值)=纵和*横和/总和2*O*LN(O/E)求和=G值2、下面是一组随机抽样调查女性月经周期的数据，检测女性平均月经周期等于农历月（29.5天）的假设是否成立。月经周期数据：22,28,24,29,33,25,26,23,30,28,27,29,26,29,32and27dayst=-2.80df=15P=0.0133<0.05差异显著Statistics-Basicstatistics-(t-textdependent)-选样本(左数据，右平均值)-ok-summary（单因子）T检验：用于比较两个平均数的差异是否显著。（相关选dependent）（独立选independent）Statistics-Basicstatistics-(t-textdependent)-选样本-ok-summary（单因子）Statistics-Basicstatistics-(t-textindependent竖的箭头)-选样本-ok-summary（多因子）《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n3、用G检验检测下面2´4联表中人类头发颜色的频次分布是否与性别无关。HaircolorTotalBlackBrownBlondRedMale70902020200Female11013012634400G=37.75>7.81;df=3;P<0.05;人类发色频次分布与性别有关。SpeciesASpeciesB31.642.233.444.034.242.235.944.037.242.240.044.040.242.243.444.047.549.34、右表是某两种鸟翼长的抽样数据，试分别用t-检验、Mann-Whitney秩检验和单因子方差分析检测两种鸟的翼长是否存在差异t=4.716,df=16,P=0.000233差异显著U=4P=0.00138差异显著6A0.05;未偏离1:1性比2、试用以孵化热环境和性别为因子的双因子方差分析分别显示不同孵化热环境温度、不同性别，以及孵化热环境与性别的交互作用对孵化时间（DINC）的影响temp:F3,116=23.7;P<0.001sex:F1,116=0.1;P=0.728temp*sex:F3,116=5.0;P=0.00261Statistics-ANOVA-FactorialAMOVA-选样本（左DINC右SEX,TEMP)-OK-Alleffects3、填充下表，随后用恰当的统计方法比较四个温度处理下的入孵卵重的平均值是否存在差异TemperatureValidNMeanMedianRangeStandarddeviationStandarderror24°C3117.817.612.63.280.5926°C3118.319.48.82.710.4928°C3118.317.510.52.880.5230°C3118.217.29.22.450.44《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\nF3,120=0.177;P=0.912Statistics-BasicStatistics-DescriptiveStatistics-选样本(IEM)-selectcases（Tem=24)-OK-SummaryStatistics-ANOVA-oneway-选样本(左IEM右TEM)-ok-Alleffects4、请以初生卵重为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格，并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量variable平行性（斜率）检验的F值和显著性水平（Fvalueandsignificancelevelsforslopes）截距检验的F值和显著性水平（Fvalueandsignificancelevelsforintercepts）SVLF3,116=2.056;P=0.110F3,119=1.341;P=0.264HWMF3,116=1.791;P=0.153F3,119=0.757;P=0.5205、请以幼体体长SVL为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格，并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量，并检验矫正后的头长HL和头宽HW在四个温度下的差异（用Tukey’sposthoc多重比较）variable平行性（斜率）检验的F值和显著性水平（Fvalueandsignificancelevelsforslopes）截距检验的F值和显著性水平（Fvalueandsignificancelevelsforintercepts）HLF3,116=0.943;P=0.423F3,119=1.432;P=0.237HWF3,116=1.024;P=0.385F3,119=149.84;P<0.0001HL:nodifferencesHW:24°Cb;26°Ca;28°Cb;30°Cc(a>b>c)平行性：Statistics-Advancedlinear-GeneralLinear-Homogeneityofslops-ok-选样本(左：HL中：单因子Tem右：协变量SVL)-OK-Alleffects《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n截距检验：Statistics-Advancedlinear-GeneralLinear-Analysisofcovariance-选样本(左：HL中：单因子Tem右：协变量SVL)-OK-Alleffectsp黑色，无差异。共同斜率：Statistics-Advancedlinear-GeneralLinear-Analysisofcovariance-选样本(左：HW中：单因子Tem右：协变量SVL)-OK-moreresult-summart-coeficientK=0.087217Y'=y-k(x-平均值)将校正后的的HW'复制到SATISTICA，Statistics-ANOVA-oneway-选样本(左HW'右TEM)-ok-moreresult-Posthoc-TukeyHsd(2)26a(1)24b(3)28b(4)30c《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n6、请用主成分分析（特征值³0.5）检测从四个温度孵出的幼体是否存在形态表型变异。各处理卵大小效应用入孵卵重与各有关变量的回归剩余值去除。要求(1)填写下表(2)显示各区分出的向量中起主要作用的形态变量variablefactorloadingFactor(PC)1Factor(PC)2Factor(PC)3SVL0.822527-0.232534-0.242172HWM0.839207-0.163942-0.217526HL0.5780060.2890500.762791HW0.1750070.924389-0.338017varianceexplained(%)43.638425.474820.05181.Statisticas-MultipleRegession-选变量（SVL/HWM/HL/HW,IEM-OK-continue-continue-OK-OK-summary：Residuals将四个变量的Residuals复制到excel，取最后四行，求的每列绝对值的最大值，复制，计算：变量/绝对值的最大值，将计算好的复制到Statistics。2.Statistics-MultivariateExploratoryTechniques-Factoranalysis-max写4，min按题目特征值写0.5-OK-summary：Factoryloadings《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\nAppendix:TheeffectsofincubationtemperatureonincubationlengthandhatchlingsofahypotheticectothermTemperature孵化温度:IncubationtemperatureSEX孵出幼体性别:Thesexofhatchlings;1=femaleand2=maleDINC孵化时间:DaysofincubationIEM入孵卵重:InitialeggmassingramSVL幼体体长:Hatchlingsnout-ventlengthHWM幼体湿重:HatchlingwetmassingramHL幼体头长:HatchlingheadlengthHW幼体头宽:HatchlingheadwidthTemperature（°C）SEXDINCIEMSVLHWMHLHW24156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124157.715.08228.313.773714.97.732415415.806227.212.698914.617.0324156.817.7772916.023315.336.8624157.418.07929.116.027615.646.9624154.118.694528.4514.376815.587.2224157.318.9132615.891714.657.082415620.91130.315.517915.967.1624155.821.6425.68.985414.786.9524156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477.09524256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477.09524258.815.61728.414.249216.077.462425715.766626.212.128414.887.352425716.20728.514.815215.287.3824254.716.36227.613.069115.3357.1824259.816.4912915.359715.787.5624256.916.63327.614.279415.877.524254.116.692526.2512.9264515.077.1652425817.55328.614.990415.787.2424256.917.90728.715.265915.527.3824255.219.45728.0514.500116.317.3824255.924.14328.518.139216.698.1426158.514.89328.113.242115.477.44《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n26157.315.32627.412.728815.837.6226158.315.978726.312.175614.777.0526158.915.9826.712.562414.96.9926164.416.94828.214.332915.657.3726157.518.59828.414.220615.787.8526160.219.93629.7515.265416.1057.2726159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626262.314.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626262.314.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626258.415.99627.512.758215.757.6626260.516.2353326.512.8785715.606677.50333326259.316.28728.314.278915.447.2626261.319.370529.3516.561316.197.5426257.719.54828.715.317316.227.282626119.6629.516.957716.187.726260.219.950528.9515.7136516.437.59526258.619.99128.515.496116.27.7726260.220.276527.716.634715.887.5926259.520.44528.0516.946816.0857.94526260.221.58529.916.912816.478.226260.523.5511730.417.49916.257.73666728159.715.81727.812.600515.537.4128163.315.92527.514.510115.217.3428154.816.920926.812.758515.166.828160.716.950528.814.9574515.3256.83528156.717.481526.2512.4310515.4557.2128158.417.889528.4513.3031515.9357.2728158.820.0229.615.637416.257.662816020.64129.215.522515.717.6428160.320.9429.116.584415.947.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.2128160.320.9429.116.584415.947.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.21《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n2826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.112826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.1128258.116.28527.312.266315.617.4428263.216.70228.314.623315.687.328263.717.0692714.621816.387.1428261.0117.14127.814.613315.676.8828260.517.28327.514.328515.577.2928260.419.68927.415.51515.797.6628259.319.87728.714.9063515.867.8628261.120.74927.814.554415.67.3928260.520.89627.1516.665815.3857.452826121.639528.917.5428516.027.63528258.723.01828.216.9531516.4257.8530159.313.15526.7510.235915.1955.9830159.715.784527.8514.0640515.496.2930153.215.902527.111.973915.75.683016116.20627.614.532515.515.9930156.616.25128.212.781215.386.0330160.117.01729.115.384315.776.3230161.217.05228.914.9715.4856.173016116.20627.614.532515.515.9930156.616.25128.212.781215.386.0330160.117.01729.115.384315.776.3230161.217.05228.914.9715.4856.1730257.519.121529.414.6217515.7556.37530255.419.271528.5514.774816.316.25530257.519.121529.414.6217515.7556.37530255.419.271528.5514.774816.316.25530256.619.42627.616.487615.496.2230256.320.21228.314.946716.166.6330257.620.965530.117.0851516.1856.4130258.521.68929.216.484615.646.4430259.314.775527.313.42315.676.2630254.815.361725.411.688215.466.1130254.915.50926.6512.4754515.376.4730255.916.05427.5513.219715.4656.230257.617.223125.7512.551915.0056.30530256.819.470528.514.5357516.0656.3530255.919.91928.715.350116.146.6130257.220.4927.316.380115.966.305《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）\n30256.221.22425.315.891815.786.533025721.35528.616.744516.046.8330256.922.01828.215.514116.346.6130257.422.323628.917.1069516.856.57《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准（第11页共11页）