大学物理(下)答案总 34页

第九章振动练习一一、选择题1.B2.B3.B4.A5.B6.B7.C8.B9.C10.C二、填充题11.1分(SI) 2分12.1.2s1分－20.9cm/s2分13. （振幅、角频率、初相各1分）3分14.1∶13分15.0.05m 2分（或)  2分16.旋转矢量图见图2分振动曲线见图3分17. 3分18.3.43s 3分2分19.(SI)3分20.1.55Hz 2分0.103m 2分三、计算题21.(1) otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n1分(2)时，由上二式解得 2分（或－2.33rad） 2分22.周期1分振幅  1分 初相 1分 1分 1分23.(1)时，, 2分(2)，其时1分1分（振幅端点）1分24.钟摆周期的相对误差=钟的相对误差2分等效单摆的周期，设重力加速度不变，则有2分1分令,,并考虑到，则摆锤应向上移动的距离即摆锤应向上移2.99mm，才能使钟走得准确．3分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n25.选平板位于正最大位移处时开始计时，平板的振动方程为(SI)(SI)1分(1)对物体有①1分(SI)②物体对板的压力为(SI)③2分(2)物体脱离平板时必须，由②式得1分(SI)若能脱离必须(SI)即 2分第九章振动练习二一、选择题1.B2.B3.D4.A5.C6.C7.D8.A9.C10.C二、填充题11.0 1分 2分12.曲线(1)见图1分曲线(2)见图1分曲线(3)见图1分13.3分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n14.1分2分15.1分2分 2分16.,（只答一个的给2分）4分17.旋转矢量图见图2分振动曲线见图3分18.(SI)3分19. 2分 2分20.1.55Hz 2分0.103m 2分三、计算题21.(1) 1分 2分 2分22.(1)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n 3分(2),3分(3)过平衡点时，，此时动能等于总能量 2分23. (1)(SI),2分(2)时，（无负号扣1分）3分24.钟摆周期的相对误差=钟的相对误差2分等效单摆的周期，设重力加速度不变，则有2分 1分令,,并考虑到，则摆锤向下移动的距离即摆锤应向下移2.00mm，才能使钟走得准确．3分25.设木块振动方程为,在处,∴，,解以上二式得3分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n,木板在最大位移处最大，为 ①2分若稍稍大于，则开始在木板上滑动，取②2分 ∴③1分第十章波动练习一一、选择题1.A2.D3.D4.D5.C6.B7.C8.D9.C10.C二、填充题11. 3分12.0 3分13.3分14.(SI)3分15.16.3分17.503m/s3分18.3 2分3002分19.3分20.3分三、计算题21.,,1分 处,2分波表达式为 otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n (SI)2分22.(1)如图（a），取波线上任一点，其坐标设为，由波的传播特性，点的振动落后于处质点的振动．2分该波的表达式为 (SI)3分(2) 时的波形和时波形一样．时 2分按上述方程画的波形图见图（b）．3分23.设处质点振动的表达式为已知时，，且，所以∴ (SI)2分由波的传播概念，可得该平面简谐波的表达式为 (SI)2分 处的质点在时刻的位移otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(SI)1分该质点在时的振动速度为 2分 =6.28m/s1分24.这是一个向轴负方向传播的波． (1)由波数得波长 1分由得频率 1分波速 1分(2)波峰的位置，即的位置由,()解上式，有 当 时，2分所谓离坐标原点最近，即最小的波峰．在上式中取，可得的波峰离坐标原点最近．2分(3)设该波峰由原点传播到处所需的时间为,则  1分∴该波峰经过原点的时刻 2分25.用旋转矢量解此题，如图可得为代表点振动的旋转矢量.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(SI)．3分波的表达式为： (SI)2分第十章波动练习二一、选择题1.B2.A3.C4.B5.C6.D7.A8.B9.C10.D二、填充题11. 3分12.3分13.3分14.3分15.03分16. 3分17.(SI)3分18.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n或或 3分19., 3分20., 3分三、计算题21.① ②而③  ④评分：①、②、③、④各2分，若仅讨论真空情况扣2分．22.2分 3分3分23.评分：写出2分，写出2分，求出各2分．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n24.入射波在处引起的振动方程为，由于反射端为固定端,所以反射波在处的振动方程为或 2分所以反射波为或 3分驻波表达式为 或    3分25.(1)反射点是固定端，所以反射有相位突变，且反射波振幅为，因此反射波的表达式为 3分(2)驻波的表达式是 3分(3)波腹位置： 2分, 波节位置： 2分,第十一章光学光的干涉练习一、选择题1.D2.A3.A4.B5.B6.B7.C8.B9.A10.D二、填充题11. 3分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n12. 或13.3分14.15.16.17.上2分 2分18.19.2分1.33 2分20.或者3分三、计算题21.相邻明条纹间距为 3分代入  ，  ，可得 2分22.根据公式相邻条纹间距则3分＝562.5nm2分23.原来，  2分覆盖玻璃后，  3分2分 1分24.（15.0分）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(1)  4分(2)从几何关系，近似有 有透明薄膜时，两相干光线的光程差  对零级明条纹上方的第级明纹有 零级上方的第五级明条纹坐标3分 3分25.设、分别在点引起振动的振幅为，干涉加强时，合振幅为，所以  1分因为所以到点的光束比到点的光束相位落后  1分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n点合振动振幅的平方为： 2分因为所以1分第十一章光学光的衍射练习一、选择题1.D2.B3.D4.B5.A6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C二、填充题11.3分12.3分13.14.子波1分子波干涉(或答“子波相干叠加”)2分15.16.17.660 3分18.（或）2分33分19.500nm(或) 3分20.3.0mm3分三、计算题21.设人眼在空气中最小分辨角为，汽车与人之间的距离为   2分  2分  =8.94km1分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n22.(1)由题意,的级与的级谱线相重合所以，或 3分1分(2)因很小，2分 2分23.透镜焦面上中央亮斑的直径等于第一暗环的直径．设第一暗环的衍射角为，则  1分透镜焦距为时，焦面上第一暗环直径为2分通常，因而很小，于是所以 2分24. 在处，3分 取，，即让的第5级与的第8级相重合3分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n2分25.(1)  2分当时，,,取有 1分∴中央明纹宽度为1分(2)  2分取，共有等5个主极大。 2分第十一章光学光的偏振练习一、选择题1.B2.A3.B4.B5.E6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B二、填充题11.寻常非常（或：非常寻常）对一个1分，全对3分12.传播速度单轴13.遵守通常的折射不遵守通常的折射14.无穷大15.(或)16.17.垂直于入射面18.相等19.1/220.(或)三、计算题otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n21.(1)透过第一个偏振片的光强， 2分 1分 透过第二个偏振片后的光强，  2分(2)原入射光束换为自然光，则 1分  2分22.设入射光中线偏振光的光矢量振动方向与的偏振化方向之间的夹角为，透过后的光强为2分透过后的光强为3分 2分所以即入射光中线偏振光的光矢量振动方向与的偏振化方向平行．1分23.（6.0分）otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n令和分别为两入射光束的光强．透过起偏器后，光的强度分别为和，由马吕斯定律，透过检偏器的光强分别为 1分  2分按题意，，于是 1分 得 1分24.(1)透过的光强  1分设与的偏振化方向之间的夹角为，则透过后的光强为2分透过后的光强为3分由题意可知，则．1分(2)转动，若使,则与偏振化方向的夹角 2分转过的角度为．1分25.设入射光中两种成分的强度都是，总强度为．(1)通过第一个偏振片后，原自然光变为线偏振光，强度为，原线偏振光部分强度变为，其中为入射线偏振光振动方向与偏振片偏振化方向的夹角．以上两部分透射光的振动方向都与otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n一致．如果二者相等，则以后不论再穿过几个偏振片，都维持强度相等(如果二者强度不相等，则以后出射强度也不相等)．因此，必须有，得．2分 为了满足线偏振部分振动方向在出射后“转过”，只要最后一个偏振片偏振化方向与入射线偏振方向夹角为就行了． 2分综上所述，只要两个偏振片就行了(只有一个偏振片不可能将振动方向“转过”)．2分配置如图，表示入射光中线偏振部分的振动方向，、分别是第一、第二偏振片的偏振化方向 2分(2)出射强度比值2分第十二章气体动理论练习二一、选择题1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.B8.D9.C10.C二、填充题11.2分2分12.24.93g/mol13.14. 2分1分2J2分15.2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n2分16.1 1分2/12分10/3  2分17.2/318. 1分 2分2分19.20.3/5 2分3/10 3分三、计算题21.(1)由而氢核∴．3分(2)． 2分22.(1)3分(2)1分1分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(3)1分1分23.(1)据 得． 3分(2) ．2分24.，3分又(一摩尔氢气)．  2分25.取轴竖直向上，地面处，根据玻尔兹曼分布律，在重力场中坐标在，，区间内具有各种速度的分子数为  2分n0为地面处分子数密度，则分子重力势能的平均值为otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n 3分第十二章气体动理论练习二一、选择题1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.C7.D8.B9.C10.C二、填充题11. 2分1分2J2分12.1 1分2/12分10/3  2分13.14.2分2分15.32分 1分3 2分16.24.93g/mol17.1.933分2分18.（6.0分）2分2分1分19.3/5 2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n3/10 3分20.三、计算题21.(1)由而氢核∴．3分(2)． 2分22.，3分又(一摩尔氢气)．  2分23.所以2分 3分24.由和2分．2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n由和4分得∵(、、均相同)，∴．2分25.取轴竖直向上，地面处，根据玻尔兹曼分布律，在重力场中坐标在，，区间内具有各种速度的分子数为  2分n0为地面处分子数密度，则分子重力势能的平均值为 3分第十三章热力学基础练习一一、选择题1.C2.A3.D4.D5.C6.D7.C8.D9.C10.A二、填充题11.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n12.等压 1分等体 1分等温1分13.（2分）（3分）14.（3分） （2分）15.成反比地增加1分(图)2分成正比地减小1分(图)1分16. （1分） （2分）17.2分 2分18. 2分  2分19.（2分）0  （3分）20.1分 各1分三、计算题otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n21.(1)图如图所示．2分(2)  2分2分(3)2分(4)  2分22.由图可得态：态：因为，根据理想气体状态方程可知， 3分根据热力学第一定律得：2分23.(1)等温过程气体对外做功为 2分 2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(2)绝热过程气体对外做功为2分 2分24.设状态的体积为，则由于两状态的温度相同，故2分循环过程  而在等体过程中功1分在等压过程中功 1分在等温过程中功 2分  1分 3分25.由题意可知气体处于初态时，弹簧为原长．当气缸内气体体积由膨胀到时弹簧被压缩，压缩量为气体末态的压强为  3分气体内能的改变量为2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n缸内气体对外作的功为 3分缸内气体在这膨胀过程中从外界吸收的热量为2分第十三章热力学基础练习二一、选择题1.（4.0分）B2.（4.0分）B3.（4.0分）B4.（4.0分）B5.（4.0分）C二、填充题6.6007.5002分50 3分8.热量不能自动地从低温物体传向高温物体． 2分不可能制成一种循环动作的热机，只从单一热源吸热完全变为有用功，而其它物体不发生任何变化．3分9.(或)10.（6.0分）不变1分增加2分三、计算题11.(1) 且 2分 2分由于第二循环吸热 2分2分(2) 2分12.水蒸气的质量水蒸气的摩尔质量otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n(1) 2分(2)   2分(3)净功 3分(4)  3分13.设状态的状态参量为   1分 ；1分 1分(1)过程Ⅰ 1分 过程Ⅱ1分过程Ⅲ  2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n  1分(2) 2分第十四章相对论练习一、选择题1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D6.D7.C8.C9.C10.A二、填充题11.2分2分12.相对的 2分运动2分13.14.15.16.17.18. 2分3分19.20. 2分 2分三、计算题21.设静止观察者为系，火箭乙为系，火箭甲为运动物体，相对系的速度，火箭甲在系中的速度．根据狭义相对论的速度变换公式，火箭甲相对于火箭乙（系）的速度为5分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n两火箭的相对接近速率为.22.设地球为系，飞船B为系．飞船A中的尺则为运动物体．若为系相对系的速率，则是尺相对地球的速率，尺在系中的速率为 这就是尺相对B船的速率，用表示之． 5分则B中观察者测得A中米尺的长度是 3分上式中令可得米尺长度（以m为单位）．23.符合相对论的时间延缓(或运动时钟变慢)效应2分 设子相对于实验室的速度为子的固有寿命子相对实验室作匀速运动时的寿命s由时间延缓效应：移项整理得： 3分24.(1)从列车上观察，隧道的长度缩短，其它尺寸均不变． 1分隧道长度为  1分(2)从列车上观察，隧道以速度经过列车，它经过列车全长所需时间为otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n 3分这也即列车全部通过隧道的时间.25.设两系的相对速度为．根据洛伦兹变换，对于两事件，有  由题意：  可得 3分及 3分由上两式可得 2分第十五章量子物理练习一、选择题1.D2.D3.D4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.D10.C二、填充题11.（或或或）3分参考解：根据，或，或，或，可得以上答案．12.13.3214. 1分2分2分15.n 2分电子 1分16.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n17.18.在电子绕核的圆周运动中，只有电子的角动量等于的整数倍的那些轨道才是可能的，即： (为普朗克常量，)19.20.三、计算题21.(1)康普顿散射光子波长改变：   4分(2)设反冲电子获得动能，根据能量守恒有  即故 4分22.入射光子的能量为1分散射光子的能量为 1分反冲电子的动能为 3分23.由即 ①1分据题意以及德布罗意波公式得otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33\n②2分比较①、②式得 2分24.当铜球充电达到正电势时，有  2分当时，铜球不再放出电子，1分即故时，铜球不再放出电子． 2分25.（15.0分）(1)由得 3分两边微分  (恒量)由此可知，对不同金属，曲线的斜率相同． 3分(2) 2分 2分otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand33