分析哲学与大陆哲学的划分 38页

TheContinental/AnalyticDivide15.07.20211EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideWhatisthedistinctionbetween‘Analytic’and‘Continental’philosophy?Twoapproachestothequestion:1.Historical2.Systematic15.07.20212EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideWarning:Categoryconflation‘Continental’-Geography‘Analytic’-MethodHowever:‘Analytic’&‘Continental’areused15.07.20213EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideOVERVIEW:Part1:HistoryofDistinctionPart2:SystematicAnalysisofDistinctionCONCLUSIONS:15.07.20214EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDividePart1:Historyofthedistinction“Kant...finalgreatfigurecommontobothanalyticandContinentaltraditions”(CCCP,p.1)15.07.20215EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivide15.07.20216EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideThe‘Analytic’/’Continental’distinctionisaproductofanalytic,notContinentalphilosophy!15.07.20217EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideTwopartcharacterization:“Whatdistinguishesanalyticalphilosophy,initsdiversemanifestations,fromotherschoolsisthebelief,first,thataphilosophicalaccountofthoughtcanbeattainedthroughaphilosophicalaccountoflanguage,and,secondly,thatacomprehensiveaccountcanonlybesoattained”(Dummett,1993)15.07.20218EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivide"Fregewasthegrandfatherofanalyticalphilosophy,Husserlthefounderofthephenomenologicalschool,tworadicallydifferentphilosophicalmovements...remarkablycloseinorientation...TheymaybecomparedwiththeRhineandtheDanube,whichrisequiteclosetooneanotherandforatimepursueroughlyparallelcourses,onlytodivergeinutterlydifferentdirectionsandflowintodifferentseas„(Dummett,1993)15.07.20219EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideAnalyticphilosophersmakenotoriouslybadhistorians...NOTFrege/Husserl(ca.1905)BUTBentham/Coledridge(ca.1780)Oppositioninphilosophicaltask:–Bentham:ask,isittrue?–Coleridge:ask,what’sitssignificance?15.07.202110EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideHistoryofAnalyticmovement:Frege,Russel,Moore,Wittgenstein,Carnap,Putnam,Quine,andOlafMüller“AnalyticphilosophybeganwiththearrivalofWittgensteininCambridgein1912”(OCP,1995)15.07.202111EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideOriginsofAnalyticPhilosophy:FromFregethroughRussell&WittgensteintoVienna&Berlin15.07.202112EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideTworelateddifficulties:1)technicalnature2)historicalcontext“”Continuity”hadbeen,avaguewordconvenientforphilosopherslikeHegel,whowishedtointroducemetaphysicalmuddlesintomathematics.........agreatdealofmysticism,suchasthatofBergson,wasrenderdantiquated”(Russell.1945)15.07.202113EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideFromanalysisofarithmetictothephilosophyoflogicalanalysis:allsignificantthoughtanddiscoursecanbeanalyzedintoelementarypropositionsthatdirectlypicturestatesofaffairs15.07.202114EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideExamples:1.materialobjectssense-data2.mentalstatesbehavioraldispositions15.07.202115EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideHistoricalcontextofthemovementRelativityTheory‘space’and‘time’‘space-time’‘matter’‘events’Psychologymindas‘mental’mindas‘physical’15.07.202116EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDividePhilosophicalproblem-solving:e.g.‘existence’sincePlato’sTheaetetus“Thegoldenmountaindoesnotexist’=“Thereisnoentitycsuchthat‘xisgoldenandmountainous’istruewhenxisc,butnototherwise”15.07.202117EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDividePhilosophicalMethodsandResultslikeScience!“Sincescienceinprinciplecansayallthatcanbesaidthereisnounanswerablequestionleft.”(Schlick,1918)15.07.202118EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDividephilosophyoflogicalanalysisphilosophyoflanguage15.07.202119EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideOrdinaryLanguagePhilosophyorLinguisticPhilosophy(1945-1960,Austin,Ryle)“Philosophyisnotoneofthenaturalsciences...Theresultofphilosophyisnotanumberof‘philosophicalpropositions’,buttomakepropositionsclear.”(Wittgenstein)15.07.202120EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideCarnapQuine(LateWittgenstein)ContemporaryAnalyticphilosophers:“thinkandwriteintheanalyticspirit,respectfulofscience,bothasaparadigmofreasonablebeliefandinconformitywithitsargumentativerigor,itsclarity,anditsdeterminationtobeobjective”(OCP,1995)15.07.202121EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideWho?When?What?Why?&Whocares?Anglo-Americanphilosophers(ca.1970)Analytic/Continentaldistinctionisaprofessionalself-descriptionDistinguishphilosophyfromnonsenseStudyAbroad/Ridicule15.07.202122EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDividePartII:SystematicApproachWhatisthedistinctionbetween‘analytic’and‘Continentalphilosophy?WhatdoesthisdistinctionbetweenanalyticandContinentalphilosophymean?II.a)Whatdoes‘analytic’mean?II.b)Whatdoes‘Continental’mean?II.c)Whatdistinguishesthem?15.07.202123EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideAnalyticphilosophyisphilosophicalmethodII.a)WhatisAnalysis?Analysis=decomposition15.07.202124EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideTwoexperimentalmethodsinchemistry:ChemicalAnalysisChemicalSynthesis15.07.202125EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideExampleofphilosophicalanalysis:Whatisknowledge?ApersonPknowsthatKifandonlyif1.PbelievesthatK2.PisjustifiedinbelievingthatK3.ItistruethatK.Knowledgedecomposedintobelief,justification&truth15.07.202126EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideMultipleformsofphilosophicalanalysisExamples:1.analysis=explicationexplication=inexactconceptexactconceptbyinformalexplanation&illustrativeexampleManyformsofexplication(e.g.Carnap,Kant,Husserl)15.07.202127EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideMultipleformsofphilosophicalanalysisExamples:2.analysis=definitiondefinition=necessaryandsufficientconditionsforterm’scorrectapplicationlogical,conceptual,reductive,constructive15.07.202128EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideTwokindsof‘analyticPhilosophy‘1.PhilosophyofLanguageMooreAustin&Ryle-philosophyuncoversnonscientifictruths2.Naturalism“thecompletescienceisatruedescriptionofreality:thereisnootherTruthandnootherReality”(Churchland,1986)Differinaimsandmethods15.07.202129EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideConclusionofII.a)Whatdoes‘analytic’mean?‘analyticphilosophy’=familyresemblanceconcept15.07.202130EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideII.b)Whatdoes‘Continental’mean?Examples:Kant,Fichte,Schleiermacher,Hegel,Schelling,Schopenhaur,Feuerbach,Kierkegaard,Marx,Dilthey,Nietzsche,Brentano,Freud,Saussure,Bergson,Husserl,Cassirer,Jaspers,Bloch,Heidegger,Horkheimer,Gadamer,Lacan,Adorno,Sartre,Arendt,Camus,Fouclaut,Habermas,Derrida...15.07.202131EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideII.b)Whatdoes‘Continental’mean?Continentalmovements:Kantianism,GermanIdealism,Hermeneutics,PhilosophyofLife,YoungHegelians,PhilosophyofExistence,Phenomenology,Marxism,Neo-Kantianism,Freudianism,Structuralism,CriticalTheory,Lacanianism,Post-structuralism,FrenchFeminism...15.07.202132EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideConclusionsII.b)Whatdoes‘Continental’mean?NotevenfamilyresemblancetermMeanseverythingnotanalytic.15.07.202133EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideIII.c)Whatdistinguishesthem?Twodistinguishingfactors:1.Relationstonaturalscience2.Relationstohistory15.07.202134EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideIII.c)Whatdistinguishesthem?RelationstohistoryEvolutionarybiologyvs.Chemistry15.07.202135EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivideCONCLUSIONSThequestion:“Whatisthedistinctionbetween‘Analytic’and‘Continental’philosophy?”isanawfulquestion.15.07.202136EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\nTheAnalytic/ContinentalDivide15.07.202137EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia\n豆丁人文家园提供文史哲类外文原著http://www.docin.com/Gymnopedies15.07.202138EricOberheim08/07/05Weinsymposia