经济学参考词汇 47页

个人收集整理勿做商业用途Aaccounting会计accountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计利润adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置allocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧弹性Arrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理Assumption假设asymetricinformation非对称性信息average平均averagecost平均成本\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途averagecostpricing平均成本定价法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital资本平均产量averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本averagevariablecost平均可变成本Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Bbarrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly双边垄断benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算budgetconstraint预算约束budgetline预算线budgetset预算集Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Ccapital资本capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义cardinalutilitytheory基数效用论cartel卡特尔ceterispuribusassumption“其他条件不变”地假设\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不变地需求曲线Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型changeindemand需求变化changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化changeinsupply供给变化choice选择closedset闭集Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb—Douglasproductionfunction柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity商品\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途commoditycombination商品组合commoditymarket商品市场commodityspace商品空间commonproperty公用财产comparativestaticanalysis比较静态分析compensatedbudgetline补偿预算线compensateddemandfunction补偿需求函数compensationprinciples补偿原则compensatingvariationinincome收入补偿变量competition竞争competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交换地最优条件\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途conditionforefficiencyinproduction生产地最优条件concave凹concavefunction凹函数concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不变产业constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumer消费者consumerbehavior消费者行为consumerchoice消费者选择consumerequilibrium消费者均衡consumeroptimization消费者优化consumerpreference消费者偏好consumersurplus消费者剩余\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途consumertheory消费者理论consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve消费可能曲线consumptionpossibilityfrontier消费可能性前沿consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间continuity连续性continuousfunction连续函数contractcurve契约曲线convex凸convexfunction凸函数convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函数costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilihrium古诺均衡Cournotmodel古诺模型Cross—priceelasticity交叉价格弹性Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Ddead—weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand需求\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative导数derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差异商品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity边际生产率分配论资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析dynamicmodels动态模型Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途E\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途Economicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型economicprofit经济利润economicregionofproduction生产地经济区域economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途economyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率,效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性elasticityofsubstitution替代弹性endogenousvariable内生变量endowment禀赋endowmentofresources资源禀赋Engelcurve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家才能\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envolopecurve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡条件equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excess—capacitytheorem过度生产能力定理excesssupply过度供给exchange交换exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium总体均衡地存在性exogenousvariables外生变量expansionpaths扩展径expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy外部经济externaldiseconomy外部不经济externalities外部性Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给fallacyofcomposition合成谬误finalgoods最终产品firm企业firms’demandcurveforlabor企业劳动需求曲线firmsupplycurve企业供给曲线first-degreepricediscrimination第一级价格歧视first—ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例地生产函数flow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品,免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车,免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来值Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Ggametheory对策论、博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen'sParadox吉芬之谜Ginicoefficient吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品Hicks—kaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数homogeneousproduct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Iidentity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurve\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途incomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线indifferencemap无差异族indifferencerelation无差异关系indifferenceset无差异集indirectapproach间接法\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途individualanalysis个量分析individualdemandcurve个人需求曲线individualdemandfunction个人需求函数inducedvariable引致变量induction归纳法industry产业industryequilibrium产业均衡industrysupplycurve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性地inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始条件initialendowment初始禀赋\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途innovation创新input投入input—output投入—产出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度经济学insurance保险intercept截距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品internatizationofexternalities外部性内部化invention发明inversedemandfunction逆需求函数investment投资invisiblehand看不见地手\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途isocostline等成本线,isoprofitcurve等利润曲线isoquantcurve等产量曲线isoquantmap等产量族Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Kkinded—demandcurve弯折地需求曲线Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Llabour劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函数Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗乘数,land土地law法则lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减法则lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution边际替代率递减法则资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution边际技术替代率资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途lawofincreasingcost成本递增法则lawofoneprice单一价格法则leader—followermodel领导者--跟随者模型least—costcombinationofinputs最低成本地投入组合leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfunction列昂节夫生产函数licenses许可证\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途lineardemandfunction线性需求函数linearhomogeneity线性齐次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction线性齐次生产函数longrun长期longrunaveragecost长期平均成本longrunequilibrium长期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve长期产业供给曲线longrunmarginalcost长期边际成本longruntotalcost长期总成本Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化1umpsumtax一次性征税luxury奢侈品Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途M\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途macroeconomics宏观经济学marginal边际地marginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率marginalproduct边际产量marginalproductofcapital资本地边际产量marginalproductof1abour劳动地边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替代率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginalrevolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用marginalvalueproducts边际价值产品market市场marketclearance市场结清,市场洗清marketdemand市场需求marketeconomy市场经济marketequilibrium市场均衡marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途marketseparation市场分割marketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额markuppricing加减定价法Marshalliandemandfunction马歇尔需求函数maximization极大化microeconomics微观经济学minimumwage最低工资misallocationofresources资源误置mixedeconomy混合经济model模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断,卖方垄断\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途NNashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品netdemand净需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non--zero—sumgame非零和对策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Oobjectivefunction目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle消费束perfectelasticity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化orderingofoptimization(social)preference(社会)偏好排序资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途ordinalutility序数效用ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出outputelasticity产出弹性outputmaximization产出极大化Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途Pparameter参数Paretocriterion帕累托标准Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改进Paretooptimality帕累托优化Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏导数partialequilibrium局部均衡patent专利payoffmatrix收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceiveddemandcurve感觉到地需求曲线perfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinelastic完全无弹性plantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性positiveeconomics实证经济学postHocFallacy后此谬误prediction预测preference偏好preferencerelation偏好关系presentvalue现值price价格priceadjustmentmodel价格调整模型\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途priceceiling最高限价priceconsumptioncurve价格费曲线pricecontrol价格管制pricedifference价格差别pricediscrimination价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求价格弹性priceelasticityofsupply供给价格弹性pricefloor最低限价pricemaker价格制定者pricerigidity价格刚性priceseeker价格搜求者pricetaker价格接受者pricetax从价税privatebenefit私人收益principal—agentissues委托--代理问题\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论product产品producttransformationcurve产品转换曲线productdifferentiation产品差异productgroup产品集团production生产productioncontractcurve生产契约曲线productionefficiency生产效率productionfunction生产函数productionpossibilitycurve生产可能性曲线productivity生产率\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profit利润profitfunction利润函数profitmaximization利润极大化propertyrights产权propertyrightseconomics产权经济学proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例地需求曲线publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共选择publicgoods公共商品purecompetition纯粹竞争rivalry对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途puremonopoly纯粹垄断Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Qquantity—adjustmentmodel数量调整模型quantitytax从量税quasi—rent准租金Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Rrateofproducttransformation产品转换率rationality理性reactionfunction反应函数regulation调节,调控relativeprice相对价格rent租金rentcontrol规模报酬\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途rentseeking寻租rentseekingeconomics寻租经济学resource资源resourceallocation资源配置returns报酬、回报returnstoscale规模报酬revealedpreference显示性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲线revenuefunction收益函数revenuemaximization收益极大化ridgeline脊线risk风险Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途S\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途satiation饱和,满足saving储蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法则second—degreepricediscrimination二级价格歧视secondderivative--阶导数second—ordercondition二阶条件service劳务set集shadowprices影子价格short—run短期short—runcostcurve短期成本曲线short—runequilibrium短期均衡short—runsupplycurve短期供给曲线shutdowndecision关闭决策\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途shortage短缺shutdownpoint关闭点singlepricemonopoly单一定价垄断slope斜率socialbenefit社会收益socialcost社会成本socialindifferencecurve社会无差异曲线socialpreference社会偏好socialsecurity社会保障socialwelfarefunction社会福利函数socialism社会主义solution解space空间stability稳定性stableequilibrium稳定地均衡\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途Stackelbergmodel斯塔克尔贝格模型staticanalysis静态分析stock存量stockmarket股票市场strategy策略subsidy津贴substitutes替代品substitutioneffect替代效应substitutionparameter替代参数sufficientcondition充分条件supply供给supplycurve供给曲线supplyfunction供给函数supplyschedule供给表Sweezymodel斯威齐模型\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途symmetry对称性symmetryofinformation信息对称Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Ttangency相切taste兴致technicalefficiency技术效率technologicalconstraints技术约束technologicalprogress技术进步technology技术third—degreepricediscrimination第三级价格歧视totalcost总成本totaleffect总效应totalexpenditure总支出totalfixedcost总固定成本\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途totalproduct总产量totalrevenue总收益totalutility总效用totalvariablecost总可变成本traditionaleconomy传统经济transitivity传递性transactioncost交易费用Uuncertainty不确定性uniqueness唯一性unitelasticity单位弹性unstableequilibrium不稳定均衡utility效用utilityfunction效用函数utilityindex效用指数\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途utilitymaximization效用极大化utilitypossibilitycurve效用可能性曲线utilitypossibilityfrontier效用可能性前沿Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途VValue价值valuejudge价值判断valueofmarginalproduct边际产量价值variablecost可变成本variableinput可变投入variables变量vector向量visiblehand看得见地手vulgureconomics庸俗经济学Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途Wwage工资wagerate工资率Walrasgeneralequilibrium瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras'slaw瓦尔拉斯法则Wants需要Welfarecriterion福利标准Welfareeconomics福利经学Welfarelosstriangle福利损失三角形welfaremaximization福利极大化Top资料个人收集整理，勿做商业用途Zzerocost零成本zeroelasticity零弹性zerohomogeneity零阶齐次性\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途zeroeconomicprofit零利润\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途版权申明本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理。版权为张俭个人所有Thisarticleincludessomeparts,includingtext,pictures,anddesign.CopyrightisZhangJian'spersonalownership.用户可将本文的内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人的合法权利。除此以外，将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时，须征得本人及相关权利人的书面许可，并支付报酬。Usersmayusethecontentsorservicesofthisarticleforpersonalstudy,researchorappreciation,andothernon-commercialornon-profitpurposes,butatthesametime,theyshallabidebytheprovisionsofcopyrightlawandotherrelevantlaws,andshallnotinfringeuponthelegitimaterightsofthiswebsiteanditsrelevantobligees.Inaddition,whenanycontentorserviceofthisarticleisusedforotherpurposes,writtenpermissionandremunerationshallbeobtainedfromthepersonconcernedandtherelevantobligee.\n个人收集整理勿做商业用途转载或引用本文内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使用目的的合理、善意引用，不得对本文内容原意进行曲解、修改，并自负版权等法律责任。Reproductionorquotationofthecontentofthisarticlemustbereasonableandgood-faithcitationfortheuseofnewsorinformativepublicfreeinformation.Itshallnotmisinterpretormodifytheoriginalintentionofthecontentofthisarticle,andshallbearlegalliabilitysuchascopyright.