经济学常用英语 13页

account!ng会计accountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计禾IJ润adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置allocationofresources资源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧弹性Arrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理Assumption假设asymetricinformation非对称性信息average平均averagecost平均成本averagecostpricing平均成本定价法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital资本平均产量averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本averagevariablecost平均可变成本barrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly双边垄断benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算budgetconstraint预算约束budgetline预算线budgetset预算集\nccapital资本capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义cardinalutilitytheory基数效用论cartel卡待尔ceterispuribusassumption“其他条件不变”的假设ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型changeindemand需求变化changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化changeinsupply供给变化choice选择closedset闭集Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb—Douglasproductionfunction柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity裔品commoditycombination裔品组合commoditymarket商品市场commodityspace裔品空间commonproperty公用财产comparativestaticanalysis比较静态分析compensatedbudgetline补偿预算线compensateddemandfunction补偿需求函数compensationprinciples补偿原则compensatingvariationinincome收入补偿变量competition竞争competitivemarket竞争彳生市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备1生conditionforefficiencyinexchange交换的最优条件conditionforefficiencyinproduct!on生产古勺最优条件concave凹concavefunction凹函数concavepreferenee凹偏好consistence一致，性constantcostindustry成本不变产业constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumer消费者consumerbehavior消费者行为consumerchoice消费者选择consumerequilibrium消费者均衡consumeroptimization消费者优化consumerpreference消费者偏好consumersurplus消费者剩余consumertheory消费者理论consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve［肖费可肖老曲线consumptionpossibilityfrontier消费可能4生边界consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间continuity连续性continuousfunction连续函数contract\ncurve契约曲线convex凸convexfunction凸函数convexpreferenee凸偏好convexset凸集corporation公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函数costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilibrium古诺均衡Cournotmodel古诺模型Cross—priceelasticity交叉价格弹性Ddead-weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand需求demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative导数derivedemand派生需求differeneeequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差异裔品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity边际生产率分酉己论duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析dynamicmodels动态模型EEconomicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经済效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型economicprofit经济利润economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线economyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth\nmodel埃奇沃忍模型efficiency效率，效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性elasticityofsubstitution替彳弋弓单彳生endogenousvariable内生变量endowment禀赋endowmentofresources资源禀赋Engelcurve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家才能entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envolopecurve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均後亍条1牛equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excess—capacitytheorem过度生产能力定理excesssupply过度供给exchange交换exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenousvariables夕住变境expansionpaths扩展径expectationexpectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望値expenditure支出explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit夕卜部收益externalcost夕卜咅$成本externaleconomy外部经济externaldiseconomy外部不经济externalities外•部性FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给fallacyofcomposition合成谬误finalgoods最终产品firm企业firms'demandcurveforlabor企业劳动需求曲线firmsupplycurve企业供给曲线first-degreepricediscrimination第_级价格歧视first-ordercondition—阶条件fixedcosts[旨疋成本fixedinput[旨定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生产函数flow流量\nfluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods官由品，免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车，免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来値Ggametheory对策论、博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡generalgoods一般裔品Giffengoods吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen*sParadox吉芬之谜Ginicoefficient吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能边界Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品Hicks—kaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯一-尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数homogeneousproduct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说\nidentity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线indifferencemap无差异族indifferencerelation无差异关系indifferenceset无差异集indirectapproach间接法individualanalysis个量分析individualdemandcurve个人需求曲线individualdemandfunction个人需求函数inducedvariable弓|致变量induction归纳法industry产业industryequilibrium产业均衡industrysupplycurve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始条件initialendowment初始禀赋innovation仓!J新input投入input—output投入一产出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度经济学insurance保险intercept餓距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品internatizationofexternalities外部性内部化invention发明inversedemandfunction逆需求函数investment投资invisiblehand看不见的手isocostline等成本线、isoprofitcurve等利润曲线isoquantcurve等产量曲线isoquantmap等产量族Kkinded—demandcurve弯折的需求曲线Llabour劳动\nlabourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函数Lagrangianmultiplier铉格朗乘数，land土地law法则lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减法则lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution边际替代率递减法则lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution边际技术替彳弋率lawofincreasingcost成本递增法则lawofoneprice单一价格法则leader—followermodel领导者“跟随者模型least—costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入组合leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfunction歹D昂节夫生产函数licenses许可证lineardemandfunction线性需求函数linearhomogeneity线性齐次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction纟戋性齐次生产函数longrun长期longrunaveragecost长期平均成本longrunequilibrium长期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve长期产业供给曲线longrunmarginalcost长期边际成本longruntotalcost长期总成本Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化lumpsumtax一次性征税luxury奢侈品Mmacroeconomics宏观经济学marginal边际的\nmarginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率marginalproduct边际产量marginalproductofcapital资本的边际产量marginalproductoflabour劳动的边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替彳弋率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginalrevolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用marginalvalueproducts边际价値产品market市场marketclearance市场结清，市场洗清marketdemand市场需求marketeconomy市场经济marketequilibrium市场均衡marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构marketseparation市场分割marketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额markuppricing加减定价法Marshalliandemandfunction马歇尔需求函数maximization极大彳匕microeconomics微观经济学minimumwage最低工资misallocationofresources资｝原误置mixedeconomy混合经济model模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断录瞻monopoly垄断、卖方垄断monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断NNashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly官然垄断Naturalresources官然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品\nnetdemand净需求nonconvexpreferenee非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition耳启价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non-zero—sumgame非零禾Q对策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学0objectivefunction目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle［肖费束perfectelasticity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规篌optimalsolution最优解optimization优彳匕orderingofoptimization(social)preferenee(社会)偏好排序ordinalutility序数效用ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出outputelasticity产出弹性outputmaximization产出极大彳匕Pparameter参数Paretocriterion帕累托标准Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改进Paretooptimality帕累托优化Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏导数partialequilibrium局部均衡patent专利payoffmatrix收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceiveddemandcurve感觉到的需求曲线perfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinelastic完全无弹性plantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性positiveeconomics实证经济学postHocFallacy后此谬误prediction预测preference偏好prefereneereIation偏好关系presentvalue现値price价格priceadjustmentmodel价格调整模型priceceiling最高限价priceconsumptioncurve价格费曲线pricecontrol价格管制pricedifference价格差别pricediscrimination价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求价格弹性priceelasticityofsupply供给价格弹性pricefloor最低限价pricemaker价格制定者pricerigidity价格刚性priceseeker价格搜求者pricetaker价格接受者pricetax从价税privatebenefit私人收益\nprincipal—agentissues委托■■代理问题privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人财产producerequilibrium生产者均衡producertheory生产者理论product产品producttransformationcurve产品转换曲线productdifferentiation产品差异productgroup产品集团production生产productioncontractcurve生产契约莊［线productionefficiency生产效率productionfunction生产函数productionpossibilitycurve生产可直自性曲线productivity生产率productivityofcapital资本生产率productivityoflabor劳动生产率profit利润profitfunction利润函数profitmaximization利润极大彳匕propertyrights产权propertyrightseconomics产权经济学proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例的需求曲线publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共选择publicgoods公共裔品purecompetition纟屯粹竞争rivalry对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换puremonopoly纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustmentmodel数量调整篌型quantitytax从量税quasi—rent准租金Rrateofproducttransformation产品转换率rationality理性reactionfunction反应函数regulation调节，调控relativeprice相对价格rent租金rentcontrol规模报酬rentseeking寻租rentseekingeconomics寻租经济学resource资源resourceallocation资源配置returns报酬、回报returnstoscale规模报酬revealedpreference显示性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲线revenuefunction收益函数revenuemaximization收益极大化ridgeline脊线risk风险satiation饱和，满足saving储蓄\nscarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity桶缺法则second—degreepricediscrimination二级价格歧视secondderivative■邛介导数second—ordercondition二阶条件service劳务set集shadowprices影子价格short-run短期short-runcostcurve短期成本曲线short-runequilibrium短期均衡short-runsupplycurve短期供给曲线shutdowndecision关闭决策shortage短缺shutdownpoint关闭点singlepricemonopoly单一定价垄断slope斜率socialbenefit社会收益socialcost社会成本socialindifferencecurve社会无差异曲线socialpreference社会偏好socialsecurity社会保障socialwelfarefunction社会福利函数socialism社会主义solution解space空间stability稳定性stableequilibrium稳定的均衡Stackelbergmodel斯塔克尔贝格模型staticanalysis静态分析stock存量stockmarket股票市场strategy策略subsidy溼贴substitutes替代品substitutioneffect替代效应substitutionparameter替代参数sufficientcondition充分条件supply供给supplycurve供给曲线supplyfunction供给函数supplyschedule供给表\nSweezymodel斯威齐模型symmetry对称，性symmetryofinformationf言息对称Ttangency相切taste兴致technicalefficiency技术效率technologicalconstraints技术约束technologicalprogress技术进步technology技术third—degreepricediscrimination第三级价格歧视totalcost总成本totaleffect总效应totalexpenditure总支出totalfixedcost总固定成本totalproduct总产量totalrevenue总收益totalutility总效用totalvariablecost总可变成本traditionaleconomy传统经济transitivity传递性transactioncost交易费用Uuncertainty不确定性uniqueness唯一，|生unitelasticity单位弹性unstableequilibrium不稳定均衡utility效用utilityfunction效用函数utilityindex效用指数utilitymaximization效用极大化utilitypossibilitycurve效用可能性曲线utilitypossibilityfrontier效用可能性边界Vvalue价値valuejudge价値判断valueofmarginalproduct边际产量价値variablecost可变成本variableinput可变投入variables变量vector向量visiblehand看得见的手vulgureconomics篇俗经济学wwage工资wagerate工资率\nWalrasgeneralequilibrium瓦尔拉:斯总体均衡Walras'slaw瓦尔拉斯法则Wants需要Welfarecriterion福利标准Welfareeconomics福利经学Welfarelosstriangle福利损失三角形welfaremaximization福利极大化Zzerocost零成本zeroelasticity零弹性zerohomogeneity零阶齐次性zeroeconomicprofit零利润