Exercise_语言和语言学 21页

Exercise11LanguageandLinguistics语言和语言学1AccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.PerformanceC.langueD.LanguageLanguageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetweenandmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideasLanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.3.Thisfeatureiscalled,A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmissionThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledA.generallinguisticsB.SociolinguisticsC.psycholiguisticsD.aplliedlinguisticsThedescriptiongofalanguageatsomepointintimeisastudy5.A.diachronicB.synchronicC.descrpitveD.prescriptive6.Findingsinlinguisticsstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionsofsomepracticalproblems,the7.studyofsuchapplicationsisA.anthropologicallinguisticsC.appliedlinguisticsWhichofthefollowingisnA.PhonologyB.Syntaxknownas.B.computationallinguisticsD.mathematicallinguisticstamajorbranchoflinguistics?C.PragmaticsD.Speech8.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnot9.tolaydownrulesforA.prescriptiveC.descriptiveThefamousquotationfromnamewouldsmellassweet“correct"linguisticbehaviour,itissaidtobe.B.sociolinguisticD.PsycholinguisticShakespeare'splay"RomeoandJuliet'"Arosebyanyother'wellillustrates.A.theconventionalnatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC.theuniversalityoflanguageD.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication10・Chomskyusesthetermtorefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuserfsknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.A.langueB.competenceC.paroleD.performance",AccordingtoChomsky,whichistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage?A.competenceB.parole12.C.performanceD.langueWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?A.LanguageisasystemB.LanguageissymbolicC.AnimalsalsohavelanguageD.LanguageisarbitraryThefunctionofthesentence”Aniceday,isn'tit?His.\nA.informativeB.phatic\nC.directiveD.performativeWhatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?B.PhaticD.Metalingual14.A.lnterpersonalC.InformativeThefunctionofthesentence"Whatabeautifulday!”is15・A.performativeB.emotiveC.informativeD.phaticSaussuretooka(n)viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma16...r.pointofview.A.sociological...psychologicalB.psychological...sociologicalC.applied...pragmaticD.semantic...linguistic17ThestudyofI/0A.semanticsdoesNOTformthecoreoflinguistics.B.pragmaticsC.computer-linguisticsD.phonology18isregardedasthe44fatherofmodernlinguistics”?A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.HallidayD.WhorfWhichwordistheabsolutearbitraryone?.A.bangB.headacheC.roseD.impolitearetwosub-branchesoflinguisticsthatstudytheunitsatthegrammaticallevel.A.MorphologyandsemanticsB.MorphologyandsyntaxC.SyntaxandsemanticsD.MorphologyandphonologyThetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhich21.studieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeChildrencanspeakbeforetheycanreadorwriteshowsthat.A.languageisarbitraryB.languageisusedforcommunication22.c.languageisbasicallyvocalD.languageisproductiveWhichofthefollowingisoneofthetwocorebranchesoflinguistics.A.MorphologyB.sociolinguictic23.C.psycholinguisticsD.anthropologyThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedbyA.SaussureB.Chomsky24.C.HallidayD.thePragueSchool•Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage?A.soundsandlettersB.soundsandmeaningsC.lettersandmeaningD.soundsandsymbols25.Exercise12Phonetics语音学Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare_sounds.A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantisavoicedalveolarstop.1.A.[z]B.[d]C.[k]D.[b]2.\n3.Thesound[f]is.A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstopC.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricativeAvowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthe4highestposition.A.backB.centralC.frontD.middleLiquidsareclassicifiedinthelightof.5.A.mannersofarticulationB.placeofarticualtionC.placeoftongueD.nonoftheaboveInEnglish,thereisonlyoneglottal,itis.6.A.[I]B,[h]C,[k]D.[f]Thedifferncebetween[u]abd[u:]uscausedby.7.A.theopenessofthemouthB.theshapeofthelipsC.thelengthofthevowelsD.noneoftheaboveOfallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords8・AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT9.A.[a:]B.[u：]C.[?]D.[u]Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?isthestudyofallthesoundsthatoccurintheworldslanguage.A.MorphologyB.PhoneticsC.PhonologyD.Syntax10.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisabackvowel?A.[i]B.[w]C.[e]D.[u]11.8.theshapeoflips12.D.theplaceofarticulationthefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof[p]isdifferentfrom[k]inA.themannerofarticulationC.thevibrationofthevocalcordIntermsoftheplaceofarticulation，14.A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental1qVoicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationofC.theglottisD.theuvulaB.theheightofthetongueD.thepositionofthesoftplaceB.InthenasalcavityD.InsidethelarynxA.thevelumB.thevocalcords[e]isdifferentfrom[a]in.16.A.theshapeofthelipsC.thepartofthetonguethatisraisedWherearethevocalcords?17.A.InthemouthC.AbovethetongueWhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothethreeresonatingcavities?•A.thepharynxB.thenasalcavityC.thelarynxD.theoralcavity“TheAdam'sApple"is.19.A.akindofappleB.relatedtoAdamWhichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?\nC.thefrontpartoflarynxD.onthetopoflarynxWhichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?\nA.Vowelsaresonorants.B.Intheproductionofvowels,thereisnoobstructionofair.C.Tongueheightisonecriteriontodistinguishvowels.D.Vowelsarealsocalledobstruents.20WhichofthefollowingEnglishsoundsisNOTbilabial?A.[b]B.[m]C.[n]D.[p]Exercise13Phonology音位学1Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe.A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistributionC.theallophonesD.minimalpair2.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.ThephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledA.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures3.A(n)isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme4Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe_ofthatphoneme.A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones5Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage?A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.Alloftheabove6.Usually,suprasegmentalfeaturesinclude,lengthandpitch.7A.phonemeB.speechsoundsC.syllablesD.stressstudiesthesoundsysteminacertainlanguage.8A.PhoneticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Phonologyareusedtofindthephonemesofalanguage.A.MinimalpairsB.Freevariation9.C.ConstrastivedistributionD.ComplementarydistributionIfthetwosimilarsoundsegmentsneveroccurinthesamephoneticenviornment,thentheyareB.twoallophonesofaphonemeD.aminimalpairA.twoseparatephonemesI0・C.twofreevariationsofaphonemeWhichofthefollowingisnotasuprasegmentalfeature?II•A.AspirationB.Intonationc.StressD.ToneWhichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?\n12.WhereistheprimarystressofthewordA.phoB.no“phonology”?C.IoD.gypermissibleOfthefollowingsoundcombinations,sequeg郦rulesinEngljghHordingtotheA.kiblB.bkil13.C.ilkbD.ilbkWhichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair?\nA.but-pubB.wet-whichC.pin-penD.fail-find14.isanindispensiblepartofasyllable.A.CodaB.OnsetC.StemD.Peak15.Amongthefollowing,thepartsofspeechthatisnormallyunstressedinanEnglishsentenceareA.NounsB.VerbsC.AdverbsD.Prepositions16.17.A.cat/batB.put/butc.jig/pigIftwosoundsareincomplenetraydistribution,theyareA.symbolsB.allophonesC.phonesD.sit/bitofthesamephoneme.D.signs18.Intheproductionofaconsonantsatleastarticualtiorsareinvolved.A.twoB.oneC.threeD.fourWhichofthefollowingisNOTaminimalpair?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?19.A.StopsB.FricativesC.AffricatesD.Lateralsinvolvemorethanonemannersofarticulation.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?20.A.closedB.apartC.totallyclosedD.completelyopenVoicelesssoundsareproducedwhenthevocalfoldsareWhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?Exercise14Morphology形态学1.isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.MorphemeWhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?2.areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.3.4.5.6.7.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentencesintheword"booksA.aderivativeaffixC.aninflectionalaffixTheword“simplificationsA.2B.3isB.astemD.aroothasemsoinrpith.emC.4D.5ThewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalledA.boundmorphemesC.freemorphemesB.affixesD.rootsWhichofthefollowingisNOTafreemorpheme?A.bookTheword“sitcomA.blendedwordB.boyish“isa(n)_C.betDchildB.abbreviatedwordC.compoundwordD.clippedwordWhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?8.A.-fulB.-lyC.-edD-ityOfallthefollowingaffixes,whichisdifferentfromothers?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?9.10.11.A.gasstationTheword“fridgeA.compoundingB.town-planning“isformedthrough_B.blendingC.headacheC.clippingDmedicareDbackformationWhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?WhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?Whichofthefollowingisatypicalexampleofbackformation?12.A.editB.writeC.putDcookWhichofthefollowingisNOTinventedbywayofacronym?\nD.Medicareinternationalism”?D.115.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.A.HallidayB.ChomskyWhatdoesLADstandfor?A.LanguageassociativedistrictC.LanguageaquisiciondeviceThesyntacticrulesofanylanguageareA.NATOB.APECC.AIDSD.smog13WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtotheallomorphsoftheEnglishpluralmorpheme?,A.[s]B.[z]C.[ei]D.[is]Ofallthefollowingfourwords,whichoneisdifferentfromtheotherthreeintermsofword-14•formation?A.NationalB.E-mailC.BrunchHowmanyboundmorphemesarethereinthewordA.2B.4C.3ThetwoaspectstothemeaningofawordaredenotationandA.indicationB.connotationC.conversationD.implicationAwordisacombinationoftwoormorewordswhichfunctionsasasingleword.A.compoundB.blendC.shortenedD.clippedTheword“typhoon"originatedin.A.JapaneseB.FrenchC.ChineseD.SpanishIntermsoflexicology,awordisacombinationofsoundand.A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.pronunciationThedifferentformsofamorphemearecalled.A.morphsB.freeformsC.allomorphsD.rootsarewordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaswords.A.clippedwordsB.compoundsC.blendsD.acronymsInthewordinternationalism”，istheroot.A.interB.nationC.alD.ismWhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?A.pencilboxB.friedlinessC.deadlineD.upstairThebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyis.A.theinternalstrucutreB.wordC.therulesbywhichwordsareformedD.morphemeWhenthesuffixisaddedtoanoun,itusuallychangesthisnounintoanadjective.A.lessB.nessC.fullyD.erExercise15Syntax句法学mainlydealswithhowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences.A.PragmaticsB.SyntaxC.SemanticsD.PhoneticsAsentenceisconsideredwhenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammaticalputforwardtheideathatsentencecanbedefinedasthemaximumfreeform.C.BloomfieldD.SaussureB.LanguageassociativedeviceLanguageaquisiciondistrictinnumber.5.\nD.infiniteA.largeB.smallC.finite\nA.societyB.cultureC.psychologyD.acquisition6Thetwoclausesinasentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.A.simpleB.complexC.completeD.corordinateTransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin7.1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday8・Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasicofsentences.A.meaningB.formC.positionD.structure9AccordingtoICAnalysis,howmanyultimateconstituentsarethereinthesentence"Johnleftyesterday”?A.2B.3C.4D.110.TGGrammarstudiestherelationshipbetweenlanguageand11WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothekeyconceptsofTGGrammar?A.DeepandsurfacestructureB.UniversalgrammarC.LanguageacquisitiondeviceD.PsychologicalfactorsproposedthetheoryofSystemic-functionalGrammar.12.A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.SaussureD.BloomfieldDifferentfromChomsky,Hallidaystudieslanguagefromaperspective.13.A.sociologicalB.psychologicalC.culturalD.conventionalChomskyholdstheviewthatlanguageisaformof;whileHallidayregards14.languageasaformof.A.knowing,thinkingB.knowing,doingC.thinking,doingD.doing,knowingAspeaker'sactualutteranceinChomskyminologylsscatellerd.15..A.deepstructureB.linguisticuniversalsC.universalgrammarD.surfacestructureChomskyarguesthatLADprobablyconsistofelements.“A.2B.3C.4D.516.Halliday'sSyste-fmunicctionalGrammartakesastheobjectofstudy.'slinguisticconmcepete17.A.actualusesoflanguageB.idealspeakerC.children'slanguageD.adult'slanguageIfweuseICAnalysistoanalyzethesentenceIboughtthebookatthepriceof25yuanyesterday,,whereisthe18-firstcut?A.BetweenyuanandyesterdayB.BetweenIandboughtC.BetweenbookandatD.Betweenboughtandtheisthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun(number,gender,etc)andverb(tense,aspect,etc).19.A.PartsofspeechB.WordclassC.GrammaticalcategoriesD.FunctionsofwordsWhatdoesTC”standforasasyntaticnotionandanlyticaltechn?ique20A.InferntialConnective.B.ImmediateConstituent.C.InflexionalComponent.D.ImplecativeCommunication.Exercise16Semantics语义学Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich"girlarTd"lassb^elongis1.\n2.3.4.5.6.calledsynonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalTherelationshipbetween"fruitA.homonymy"Interviewer”A.complementary“Alive"andB.hyponymyandintervieweeB.radabledead"areA.gradableantonymsC.complementaryantonymsWordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalledC.emotiveandC.polysemyareaoairC.completeisB.relationaloppositesD.NoneoftheaboveD.collocationalD.synonymyoppoD.relationalA.homonymsB.polysemyC.hyponymsD.synonymsisNOTapairofhomophones.A.Tairf,(lovely)andHfare11(moneychargedforajourneybybus,ship,taxi,etc)7.B.c.D.”FleaH(anyofvarioussmall,wingless,bloodsuckinginsects)and”flee'1(toescape)“Leadn(toguide)andnlead1'(metalofadullbluish-greycolourthatmeltseasily)“complimentn(anexpressionofpraise,admiration,orcongratulation)and”complementf,(somethingthatcompletes,makesupawhole,orbringstoperfection)“Clear"andagu"e”Vareapairof8.B.derivativeantonymsA.relativeantonymsC.rootantonymsD.freeantonymsInthesentence:"Wehavecoursestomakegrownmanyoungandyoungmangroan.areusedtocreate9.10.animpressiveeffect.A.homophonesThegroupofwordsB.homographsC.perfecthomonymsD.polysemants11.A.rose,lily,tulipvioletC.red,white,rose,milkmakeupasemanticfield.B.shoes,socks,glasses,booksD.father,teacher,dog,sonHopeful"and"hopeless“onthebasisofmorphologicalstructure.arecalledA.absoluteantonyms12.C.derivativeantonymsinthesentenceareused13.A.homophonesistheA.PragmaticsB.homographsstudyofmeaning.B.SemanticsB.rootantonymsD.contrariesWithIBMwehpaovweetrhteomanagethepower”C.fullhomonymsD.polysemants14.15.putforwardthefamousclassicsemantictriangleinsemantics.A.Chomsky&HallidayB.Ogden&RichardsC.Austin&LabovD.Wittgenstein&AustinInthesemantictriangle,44referentreferstoA.concept16.“Woman。triangle.A.thought“PoliticianB.thethought“ThewomanintheB.referenceand“statesmanC.therealworldroomispretty”C.referent”areapairofD.meaningrefersto,D.linguisticformaccordingtosemanticC.emotivesynonyms0.dialectalsynonyms\nB.stylisticsynonymsA.collocationalsynonymsC.emotivesynonyms0.dialectalsynonyms\n17.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman"canbeexpressedas.A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult18.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled.A.apolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultiplec