英语语言学判断题 24页

-.判断题：正确写A，错误写BChapter1:1.Linguisticsisthesystematicstudyoflanguage.True.2.Linguisticsdealswithaparticularlanguage.False.3.Linguisticsisscientificbecauseitishelpfultolanguageuse.False.4.Thetaskofalinguististodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem.True.5.Linguisticsisgenerallydividedintogeneralandspecificlinguistics.False.6.Generallinguisticsdealswiththegeneralaspectsoflanguageapplication.False.7.Generallinguisticsdoesnotstudytheoriesoflanguage.False.8.Phoneticsstudieshumansoundpatterningandthemeaningofsounds-.word.zl.\n-.inmunication.False.9.Phonologystudieshowasoundisproduced.False.10.Morphologyisthestudyofsentences.False.11.Syntaxisthestudyoftherulesofwords.False.12.Semanticsisthestudyofwordmeaning.False.13.Pragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningincontextoflanguageuse.True.14.Sociolinguisticsdealswiththerelationbetweenlanguageandsociety.True.15.Psycholinguisticsdealswiththerelationoflanguagetopsychology.True.16.Appliedlinguisticsmeansthelanguageapplicationtospecificareas.False.17.Modernlinguisticsaimsatprescribingmodelsforlanguageusersto-.word.zl.\n-.follow.False.18.Synchroniclinguisticsdealswithaseriesoflanguagephenomenaatthesametime.False.19.Diachroniclinguisticsisalsocalledhistoricallinguistics.True.20.Languemeanspetence.False.21.ParoleisaFrenchword;itmeanstheconcretelanguageevents.True.22.F.deSaussurewasaSwisslinguist.True.23.N.ChomskyisanAmericanlinguist.True.24.AccordingtoChomsky,theinternalizationofasetofrulesabouthislanguageenablesaspeakertoproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencesandrecognizesentencesthatareungrammaticalandambiguous.-.word.zl.\n-.True.25.Chomskyregardspetenceasanactofdoingthingswithasentence.False.26.PerformanceisthefocusofChomsky’slinguisticstudy.False.petence,instead.27.Detailsoflanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.False.28.Displacementoflanguagemeanslanguageuseinafar-awayplace.False.29.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemeanslanguagecanbeusedfreely.False.30.Dualityoflanguagemeanslanguageisatwo-levelsystem.True.Chapter2:1.Writingismorebasicthanspeech.False.2.Therehavebeensome2,500languagesintheworld.False.-.word.zl.\n-.3.Abouttwothirdsoflanguagesintheworldhavenothadwrittenform.True.4.Linguistsareinterestedinallsounds.False.5.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthataremeaningfulinhumanmunicationconstitutethephonicmediumoflanguage.True.6.Phoneticsimilarity,notphoneticidentity,isthecriterionwithwhichweoperateinthephonologicalanalysisoflanguages.True.7.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundintheoralcavity.True.8.Thenarrowingofspacebetweenthehardpalateandthefrontofthetongueresultsinthesound[j].True.9.[k],[g]and[n]arevelarsounds.False.10.[i]isasemi-closevowel.-.word.zl.\n-.False.11.[h]istheglottalsound.True.12.[ei]isamonophthong.False.13.Phonologyisofageneralnature.False.14.Phoneticsdealswithspeechsoundsinallhumanlanguages.True.15.Aphonedoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning.True.16.Aphonemeisaphoneticunit.False.t.17.‘Tsled’isapossiblewordinEnglish.False.18.Englishisatonelanguage.False.Chapter3:1.Theword‘predigestion’isposedoftwomorphemes.-.word.zl.\n-.False.2.‘Teach-in’isapoundword.True.3.Pronounsbelongtoclosedclasswords.True.4.Theword‘unacceptability’hasfourmorphemes.True.5.Theword‘boy’isafreemorpheme.True.6.Themorpheme‘–or’in‘actor’isaninflectionalmorpheme.False.7.The–sin‘works’of‘Heworkshard.’isaboundmorpheme.False.8.Theword‘unsad’isacceptableinEnglish.False.9.poundingisaverymonandfrequentprocessforenlargingthevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage.True.10.Theprefixa-in‘asexual’means‘without’.-.word.zl.\n-.True.Chapter4:1.Phrasescanconsistofjustoneword,butmoreoftentheycontainotherelementsaswell.True.2.InXP,XreferstoanysuchheadasN,V,AorP.True.3.In‘abookaboutghosts’,theplementis‘ghosts’.False.Theplementis‘aboutghosts’.4.InTG,determinerisoftenwrittenasDet.True.Chapter5:1.Hyponymyisarelationofexclusionofmeaning.False.2.Thewords‘alive’and‘dead’arerelationalopposites.False.3.Thewords‘lead’(领导)and‘lead’(铅球)arehomographs.-.word.zl.\n-.True.4.Thewords‘flat’and‘apartment’arestylisticsynonyms.False.5.Thewords‘politician’and‘statesman’arecollocationalsynonyms.False.6.Thewords‘buy’and‘purchase’aredialectalsynonyms.False.7.Thewords‘shock’and‘surprise’aresemanticallydifferentsynonyms.True.8.Inthesenseset,‘junior’and‘senior’areco-hyponyms.True.9.Thewords‘doctor’and‘patient’arerelationalsynonyms.True.10.‘IhavebeentoBeijing.’entails‘IhavebeentoNorthChina.’True.11.‘Hisfriendising.’presupposes‘Hehasafriend.’True.-.word.zl.\n-.12.‘Maryissingle.’isinconsistentwith‘Maryismarried.’True.13.‘HisdumbboyspokegoodEnglish.’isacontradiction.True.Chapter6:1.Pragmaticsisalinguisticbranchthatdevelopedinthe1890s.False.2.CourseinGeneralLinguisticswaspublishedin1889.False.3.Contextreferstotherelationbetweenlinesorparagraphsofatext.False.4.IfIsaidtoyou,‘It’sverystuffyhere.’,thenmyillocutionaryactmaybeaskingyoutoswitchontheair-conditioner.True.5.IfSmithsaidtoyouinasupermarket,‘Iamthirstynow,butIhavenomoneywithme’,thenhisperlocutionaryactisyourbuyinghimacoca-cola.True.6.AccordingtoAustin,‘Heisaboy.’isaconstative.-.word.zl.\n-.True.7.AccordingtoAustin,‘Ibetyousixpenceitwillbefinethisevening.’isaperformative.True.8.‘Openthedoor!’isadirective.True.9.‘Theroomisair-conditioned.’isanexpressive.False.10.‘Wehavenevermetbefore.’isarepresentative.True.11.‘Ifireyou!’isamissive.False.…isadeclaration.12.‘Iwillreturnthebooktoyousoon.’isanexpressive.False.13.‘Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse’isamaximofrelation.False.14.‘Bebrief’belongstothemaximofmanner.True.-.word.zl.\n-.15.‘Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange).’belongstothemaximofquality.False.16.B’sreplyviolatesthemaximofqualityinthedialoguebelow:A:Wheredoyoulive?B:InSouthChinaNormalUniversity.False.17.Bprobablymeansthathedoesn’twanttomakeanymentonthelecture,inthedialoguebelow:A:Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture?(Thespeechmakerising)B:Dowehaveclassesthisevening?True.18.Bprobablymeansthatitisimpolitetoaskaboutherage,inthedialoguebelow:A:Howoldareyou?B:Iam80.True.19.BprobablymeansthatAshouldnotlaughathimsincetheyknoweachother,inthedialoguebelow:-.word.zl.\n-.A:Areyouagoodstudent?B:Areyou?True.Chapter7:1.Soundchangestendtobesystematic.True.2.Theword‘home’waswrittenas‘hām’inOldEnglish.True.3.Theword‘mice’,whichispronouncedas[mais],waspronouncedas[mi:s]inMiddleEnglish.True.4.InChaucer’stheCanterburyTales,wecanfind‘his’toreplace‘it’inModernEnglish,asin‘WhanthatAprillewithhisshouressooth’.Thisreflectsthechangeinthe‘agreement’rule.True.5.‘Ilovetheenot.’beforethe16thcentury,hasnowbee‘Idonotloveyou.’Thismeansthechangeinnegationrule.True.-.word.zl.\n-.6.TheEnglishpronoun‘our’hasexperiencedaprocessofsimplificationfromOldEnglish.True.7.Theword‘fridge’isaloanword.False.8.Theword‘walkman’isablend.False.9.Theword‘mike’isaclippedword.True.10.Theword‘videophone’isanacronym.False.11.UNESCOisablend.False.12.Theword‘quake’istheresultofback-formation.False.13.ISBNmeansInternationalStandardBookNumber.True.14.Theword‘baby-sit’isawordfromback-formation.True.-.word.zl.\n-.15.Theword‘question’isawordborrowedfromFrench.True.16.Theword‘tea’isaloanwordfromChinese.True.17.Theword‘education’esfromLatin.True.18.Theword‘dinner’esfromFrench.True.19.Theword‘beer’esfromGerman.True.20.Theword‘meat’weusenowhasgonethroughthenarrowingofmeaning.True.21.Theword‘holiday’hasgonethroughthewideningofmeaning.True.22.Theword‘silly’usedtomean‘happy’inOldEnglish.True.23.Theuseoftheexpressions‘toupdate’,‘tohost’and‘tocheckup’indicatestheinfluenceofAmericanEnglish.-.word.zl.\n-.True.24.puterlanguageisoneofthesourcesthathaveinfluencedtheEnglishlanguage.True.25.Onepossibleaccountoftheincreasinguseof‘cheap’insteadof‘cheaply’in‘Hegotitcheap.’isthatofthe‘theoryofleasteffort’.True.26.Theexpression‘It’sme’isNotacceptableinEnglish.False.Chapter8:1.Theterm‘diglossia’wasfirstusedbyFergusonin1959.True.2.Pidginscamefromablendingofafewlanguages.True.3.Atypicalexampleofabilingualmunityisanethnicghettowheremostoftheinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.True.4.Differentstylesofthesamelanguagecanberevealedthroughdifferencesatsyntactic,lexicalandphonologicallevels.-.word.zl.\n-.True.5.Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofbilingualismisthespecializationoffunctionofthetwovarieties.False.6.Of‘reply’and‘answer’,thelatterismoreformal.False.7.M.A.K.HallidayisaBritishlinguist.True.8.Thedeletionofthelinkverb‘be’asin‘Youcrazy’istypicalofthesyntaxofBlackEnglish(1,2).True.9.AprominentphonologicalfeatureofBlackEnglishisthedeletionoftheconsonantattheendofaword,asin‘desk’[des].True.10.Theuseofsuchsentencesas‘Iain’tafraidofnoghosts’tomean‘I’mnotafraidofghosts’isoneofthesyntacticfeaturesofBlackEnglish.True.11.Accentisanimportantmarkerofsociolect.-.word.zl.\n-.True.12.ReceivedPronunciationinBritishEnglishisadialectofLondonthatisrepresentativeofstandardEnglish.False.13.AnRPaccentoftenservesasahighstatusmarker.True.Chapter9:1.Theword‘dog’oftenconjuresupdifferentimagesintheUSandHongKong.True.2.PeopleintheWestEndinLondonspeakdifferentlyfromtheEastEnders.True.3.Languageplaysamajorroleinsocializingthepeopleandperpetuatingculture,especiallyinprintform.True.4.TheEskimoshavefarmorewordsforsnowthantheEnglishnativesinthat‘snow’ismorecrucialtothelifeoftheformer.True.5.FortheBritishpeople,theChinesegreeting‘Haveyouhaddinner?’-.word.zl.\n-.wouldturninto‘It’sfinetoday,isn’tit?’.True.6.ItisstandardpracticeforanEnglishnativestudenttogreethisteacherbeforealecturebysaying‘Goodmorning,teacher!’.False.7.TheChinese‘uncle’meansthesameastheBritish‘uncle’.False.8.ItisproperinEnglishtosay‘no,no’inresponsetosuchapraiseas‘You’vemadegoodprogress.’toshowone’smodesty.False.9.YoucanneveraskanEnglishnativethequestionofhisnameorage.False.10.InEnglish,theword‘blue’isassociatedwithunhappyfeelings.True.11.Itisacceptabletotranslate‘Everydoghashisday.’into‘每条狗都有自己的日子。’.False.12.Interculturalmunicationisalsocalledcross-culturalmunication.True.-.word.zl.\n-.13.IfyouwereaCantoneseandtalkedtoapersonfromShanghai,thenyouwerehavinginterculturalmunication.FalseChapter10:1.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwiththeacquisitionofaforeignlanguage.False.2.B.F.SkinnersisthemostimportantexponentofthebehaviouristviewofLA.True.3.ThebehaviouristviewofLAwasnotprevalentuntilthe1960s.False.4.N.Chomskyclaimsthatmenarebiologicallyprogrammedforlanguage.True.5.Thesentence‘HimselfsawJohn.’isacceptableinEnglish.False.6.Theinnatistsholdthatchildrencouldnotdiscovertherulesofreflexivepronounsbytrialanderror.True.-.word.zl.\n-.7.Frequentrepetitionisoneofthefeaturesofthecaretakertalk.True.8.Victor,awildchild,whowasdeprivedoflanguagecontactfor12years,wastrainedbyItard,butcouldonlyspeakonlytwowordsintheend.True.9.Thesounds[z]and[∫]areamongtheconsonantsthataresupposedtobeacquiredwithmostdifficultybyachild.True.10.Ifachildcallseveryman‘Daddy’,thenheisover-extendingthemeaningoftheword‘Daddy’.True.11.Theexpression‘mummyplayball’istypicaloftelegraphicspeech.TrueChapter11:1.Atargetlanguageisalwaysaforeignlanguage.False.2.AccordingtoLittlewood,thefirstlanguagestudyhasservedasabackclothforperceivingandunderstandingnewfactsaboutsecondlanguagelearning.-.word.zl.\n-.True.3.Suchsentencesas‘therearemoreandmorepeoplewanttobeapostgraduatestudent’indicatetheChinesetransfererrors.True.4.Thepronunciationof‘this’as‘dis’isverylikelytobecausedbyinterlingualinterference.True.5.By‘Hewantedmetoe’,alearnerproducedsuchanincorrectsentenceas‘Hehopedmetoe’.Thisconstitutesthesituationofcross-association.False.6.Theincorrectsentence‘Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswerit.’isveryprobablytheresultofovergeneralization.False.Chapter12:1.Thehumanbrainisdividedintotwosections,thebrainstemandthecerebrum.True.2.Ifyouscratchyournosewithyourlefthand,itistherighthemisphere-.word.zl.\n-.thathascontrolledtheactions.True.3.Mostright-handersareleftlateralizedforlanguage.True.4.Left-handersaregenerallylesslateralizedforlanguagethanright-handers.True.5.Thetestwheresubjectsareplayedtwodifferentwordsorsoundstwice,oneintoeachear,iscalleddichoticlistening.True.6.Broca’saphasicsshowthatapatientwhocannotpronouncethewordspoonwillalsonotbeabletowriteitcorrectly.True.7.Subjectstakelesstimetomakejudgmentonfrequentlyusedwordsthanonlessmonwords.Thisiscalledthefrequencyeffect.True.8.Errorspeoplemakeinspontaneousspeechofteninvolveaphonologicalfeaturesuchasvoicing.Forexample,peoplesometimessay‘pig’insteadof‘pick’.-.word.zl.\n-.True.9.‘鸭不吃了。’isNOTanambiguoussentence.False.10.‘Theshootingoftheman’isambiguous.True.-.word.zl.