社会语言学课程论文 4页

社会语言学导论论文AnAnalysisofInternetSlangfromthePerspectiveofSociolinguisticsAbstractlInternetslangreferstoavarietyofslanglanguagesusedbydifferentcommunitiesontheInternet.ItisdifficulttoprovideastandardizeddefinitionofInternetslangduetotheconstantchangesmadetoitsnature.However,itcanbeunderstoodtobeatypeofslangthatinternetusershavepopularized,andinmanycases,havecoined.Suchtermsoftenoriginatewiththepurposeofsavingkeystrokesortocompensateforsmallcharacterlimits.Manypeopleusethesameabbreviationsintextandinstantmessaging,andsocialnetworkingwebsites.Acronyms,keyboardsymbolsandabbreviationsarecommontypesofInternetslang.Newdialectsofslang,suchasleet,developasingroupinternetmemesratherthantimesavers.OriginsInternetslangoriginatedintheearlydaysoftheInternetwithsometermspredatingtheInternet.Internetslangisusedinchatrooms,socialnetworks,onlinegames,videogamesandintheonlinecommunity.Since1979,usersofcommunicationsnetworkslikeUsenetcreatedtheirownshorthand.InpopcultureIntheEnglish-speakingworld,examplesincludetheword‘bazinga’fromtheCBSshowTheBigBangTheoryand,inJapanese,thetermmoehascomeintocommonuseamongslanguserstomeansomethingextremelycuteandappealing.Asidefromthemorefrequentlyfoundabbreviations,acronymsandemoticons,Internetslangisalsobasedonarchaicwordsorthelesser-knowndialectalcounterpartsofatermin\nmainstreamlanguage.Regularwordscanalsobealteredintosomethingwithasimilarpronunciationbutaltogetherdifferentmeaning,orattributednewmeaningsaltogether.Phonetictranscriptionsofforeignwords,suchasthetransformationof‘impossible’into‘impossibru’inJapaneseandthenbacktoEnglish,isalsoobserved.InplaceswherelogographiclanguagesareusedsuchasChina,avisualvarietyofInternetslangisalsoobservable,whereacharacterhasadualityinmeaning-directandimplied.MotivationsTheprimarymotivationbehindusingaslanguniquetotheInternetistoeasecommunication.However,whileInternetslangshortcutssavetimeforthewriter,theytaketwotimesaslongforthereadertounderstand.Ontheotherhand,similartotheuseofslangintraditionalface-to-facespeechorwrittenlanguage,slangontheInternetisoftenawayofindicatinggroupmembership.Internetslangprovidesachannelwhichfacilitatesandconstrainsourabilitytocommunicateinwaysthatarefundamentallydifferentfromthosefoundinothersemioticsituations.Manyoftheexpectationsandpracticeswhichweassociatewithspokenandwrittenlanguagearenolongerapplicable.TheInternetitselfisidealfornewslangtoemergebecauseoftherichnessofthemediumandtheavailabilityofinformation.Slangisalsothusmotivatedforthe“creationandsustenanceofonlinecommunities”.Thesecommunitiesinturnplayaroleinsolidarityoridentificationoranexclusiveorcommoncause.CrystaldistinguishesamongfiveInternetsituations:TheWeb,email,asynchronouschatsynchronouschatandvirtualworlds.Theelectroniccharacterofthechannelhasafundamentalinfluenceonthelanguageofthemedium.TheoptionsofcommunicationfortheuserareconstrainedbythenatureofthehardwareneededinordertogainInternetaccess.Thus,productivelinguisticcapacity(thetypeofinformationthatcanbesent)isdeterminedbythepreassignedcharactersonakeyboard,andreceptivelinguisticcapacity(thetypeofinformationthatcanbeseen)isdeterminedbythesizeandconfigurationofthescreen.Additionally,bothsenderandreceiverareconstrainedlinguisticallybythepropertiesoftheinternetsoftware,computerhardwareandnetworkinghardwarelinkingthem.Electronicdiscoursereferstowritingthatis"veryoftenreadsasifitwerebeingspoken–thatis,asifthesenderwerewritingtalking".ViewsonInternetslangTherehavebeenongoingdebatesabouthowtheuseofslangontheInternetinfluenceslanguageusageoutsideoftechnology.EventhoughthedirectcausalrelationshipbetweentheInternetandlanguagehasyettobeprovenbyanyscientificresearch,Internetslanghasinvitedsplitviewsonitsinfluenceonthestandardoflanguageuseinnon-computer-mediatedcommunications.PrescriptiviststendtohavethewidespreadbeliefthattheInternethasanegativeinfluenceonthefutureoflanguage,andthatitwouldleadtoadegradationofstandard.SomewouldevenattributeanydeclinationofstandardformalEnglishtotheincreaseinusageof\nelectroniccommunication.IthasalsobeensuggestedthatthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenStandardEnglishandCMCcanhaveimplicationsforliteracyeducation.ThisisillustratedbythewidelyreportedexampleofaschoolessaysubmittedbyaScottishteenager,whichcontainedmanyabbreviationsandacronymslikenedtoSMSlanguage.Therewasgreatcondemnationofthisstylebythemassmediaaswellaseducationists,whoexpressedthatthisshoweddiminishingliteracyorlinguisticabilities.Ontheotherhand,descriptivistshavecounter-arguedthattheInternetallowsbetterexpressionsofalanguage.Ratherthanestablishedlinguisticconventions,linguisticchoicessometimesreflectpersonaltaste.Ithasalsobeensuggestedthatasopposedtointentionallyfloutinglanguageconventions,Internetslangisaresultofalackofmotivationtomonitorspeechonline.HaleandScalondescribelanguageinEmailsasbeingderivedfrom"writingthewaypeopletalk",andthatthereisnoneedtoinsiston'Standard'English.Englishusers,inparticular,haveanextensivetraditionofetiquetteguides,insteadoftraditionalprescriptivetreatises,thatofferpointersonlinguisticappropriateness.UsingandspreadingInternetslangalsoaddsontotheculturalcurrencyofalanguage.Itisimportanttothespeakersofthelanguageduetothefoundationitprovidesforidentifyingwithinagroup,andalsofordefiningaperson’sindividuallinguisticandcommunicativecompetence.Theresultisaspecializedsubculturebasedonitsuseofslang.Inscholarlyresearch,attentionhas,forexample,beendrawntotheeffectoftheuseofInternetslanginethnography,andmoreimportantlytohowconversationalrelationshipsonlinechangestructurallybecauseslangisused.InternetslangtodayAlthoughInternetslangbeganasameansof“opposition”tomainstreamlanguage,itspopularitywithtoday’sglobalizeddigitallyliteratepopulationhasshifteditintoapartofeverydaylanguage,whereitalsoleavesaprofoundimpact.Frequentlyusedslangalsohavebecomeconventionalisedintomemetic"unitofculturalinformation".ThesememesinturnarefurtherspreadthroughtheiruseontheInternet,prominentlythroughwebsites.TheInternetasan"informationsuperhighway"isalsocatalysedthroughslang.Theevolutionofslanghasalsocreateda'slangunion'aspartofaunique,specialisedsubculture.Suchimpactsare,however,limitedandrequiresfurtherdiscussionespeciallyfromthenon-Englishworld.ThisisbecauseInternetslangisprevalentinlanguagesmoreactivelyusedontheinternet,likeEnglish,whichisoneoftheInternet’slinguafrancas.ConclusionTheInternethashelpedpeoplefromallovertheworldtobecomeconnectedtooneanother,enabling“global”relationshipstobeformed.Assuch,itisimportantforthevarioustypesofslangusedonlinetoberecognizableforeveryone.ItisalsoimportanttodosobecauseofhowotherlanguagesarequicklycatchingupwithEnglishontheInternet.Inaword,theexistenceoftheInternetslangisgreatlyinfluencedbytheimprovementofoursociety,andtheappearanceofsocanmakeoursocietyfullof\nvitality.Reference[1]AnAnalysisofInternetslangfromthePerspectiveofConceptualBlendingTheory.[2]WorldWideWebandtheFormationoftheChineseandEnglish"InternetSlangUnion".Computer-AssistedForeignLanguageEducationbyYinYan(2006)[3]WikipediaaboutInternetslang.