语言学测试题 11页

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语言学测试题

  • 11页
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语言学试题及参考答案   I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)   1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.   A.aparticularlanguage   B.theEnglishlanguage   C.humanlanguagesingeneral   D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage   2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:__________.   A.voiceless,bilabial,stop   B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative   C.voiced,bilabial,stop       D.voiced,labiodental,fricative   3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__________.   A.derivationalmorpheme   B.freemorpheme   C.inflectionalmorpheme   D.freeform   4.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas__________.   A.isequalto B.consistsof   C.has D.generates   5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".   A.entailsB.presupposes   C.isinconsistentwith   D.issynonymouswith   6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.   X:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?   Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?   A.quality   B.quantity   C.relation   D.manne   7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.   A.phrases     B.sentences   C.morphemesD.utterances   8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.   A.socially     B.linguistically   C.culturally D.pragmatically\n9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople?__________.   A.languageandspeech   B.visualandspatialskills   C.readingandwriting       D.analyticreasoning   10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.   A.babbling   B.one-word   C.two-word   D.multiword   Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)   11.Asthefirststepoftheirscientificinvestigationoflanguage,linguistshavetoobserveandcollectlinguisticf       beforetheycandoanythingelse.   12.Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds           rules.   13.Anindependentunitofmeaningthatcanbeusedfreelybyitselfiscalledaf___________morpheme.   14.Ac           sentencecontainstwoclausesjoinedbyalinkingword,suchas"and","but","or".   15.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrases,andsentencesiscalleds       . 16.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledtheC         principleproposedbyJ.Grice.   17.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt           acrossgenerations.   18.Languageitselfisnotsexist,butitsusemayreflectthes           attitudeconnotedinthelanguagethatissexist.   19.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"s       speech,"andspeechas"overtthought."Insuchacase,speakingandthinkingtakeplacesimultaneously.   20.I       isthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.   Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)   21.(   )Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe"bestauthors"forlanguageusage.   22.(   )InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels,thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.   23.(   )Wecanalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisalwaysthesumofthemeaningsofitsparts.24.(   )Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentencesandsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrecursiveproperites.   25.(   )Theconceptualistviewofmeaningholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreference,i.e.betweenlanguageandthought.   26.(   )Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.\n   27.(   )Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildren'sgrammarmodelsexactlyafterthegrammarofadultlanguage.   28.(   )Thesentences"Hecrazy"and"Hebesickallthetime"arebothacceptableinBlackEnglishvernacularbecausecopuladeletionandhabitualbearetwofamousfeaturesofBlackEnglish.   29.(   )Speakersofdifferentlanguagesarecapableofdistinguishingandrecognizingexperiencesofthesameobjectiveworldaccordingtotheirrespectivedifferentlinguisticcodingsystem.   30.(   )Instructionandcorrectionarekeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.   Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)   31.synchroniclinguistics   32.displacement   33.aminimalpair   34.derivationalaffixes   35.syntax   36.languagetransfer   37.hyponymy   38.sentencemeaning   39.linguafranca   40.cerebralcortex   Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)   41.ExplainsociologicaltriggersforlanguagechangebygivingatypicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglish.   42.Explainbrieflythefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sacquisitionofasecondlanguage.参考答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)   1、C2、B3、C4、B5、A6、C7、C8、B9、B10、C   二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)11、facts12、sequential13、free14、coordinate     15、semantics16、Cooperative17、transmission18、social19、subvocal20、Interlanguage   三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)   21、(T)   22、(F)Asthereisanessentialdifferencebetweentheconsonantsandthevowels,i.e.thereissomekindofobstructionofairintheproductionoftheformer,butthereisnotintheproductionofthelatter,itisimpossibletousethesamecriteriaintheirclassification. 23、(F)Wecannotalwaystellbythewordsacompoundcontainswhatitmeansbecausethemeaningofacompoundisnotalwaysthesumofthemeaningofitsparts.   24、(T)   25、(F)Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolanditsreferent,i.e.betweenlanguageandtherealworld;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.   26、(T)   27、(F)Infirstlanguageacquisitionchildren'sgrammarnevermodelsexactlyafterthegrammarofadultlanguage,becausechildrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammarsbythemselvesand\ngeneralizerulesfromthelinguisticinformationtheyhear.   28、(T)   29、(T)   30、(F)Instructionandcorrectionarenotkeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment.Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccursspontaneouslyandrequireslittleconsciousinstruction.Instructionandcorrectionjustplayaminorrole.   四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)   31、Linguisticsthatstudieslanguageatoneparticularpointoftime,e.g.thestudyofthekindofEnglishusedduringShakespeare'stime.   32、Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humanlanguageisnotrestrictedbythe'here'and'now'asanimalcommunicationis;wecanvirtuallytalkaboutanythingwewant,includingwhathappenedinthepast,whatisgoingtohappeninthefuture,whatisnotexistentintheimmediatesurroundingsandevenwhatweimagine.   33、Apairofsoundcombinationswhichareidenticalineverywayexceptonesound,e.g./pit/and/bit/.   34、Affixesaddedtoanexistingformtocreateanewword,e.g.in-,-er35、Syntaxisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,anditconsistsofasetofrulesthatallowwordstobecombinedwithotherwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.   36、LanguagetransferisaphenomenonthatL2learnerssubconsciouslyusetheirL1knowledgeintheirlearningprocess.   37、Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamorespecificwordandamoregeneral,moreinclusiveword.Theformerisincludedinthelatter.Forexample,acatisahyponymofanimal.38、Sentencemeaningreferstotheintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication.Itisabstractanddecontextualized.Forexample,semanticanalysisofthesentencemeaningof"Thebagisheavy"resultsintheone-placepredicationBAG(BEINGHEAVY).   39、Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeopleofdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.Forthisreason,alinguafrancamustbeanagree-upon"commontongue"usedbypeoplethrownintosocialcontactforvariouspurposes,suchasforsocialorcommercialpurposes.   40、Cerebralcortexistheoutsidesurfaceofthebrain,thedecision-makingorganofthebody,receivingmessagesfromallsensoryorgansandinitiatingallvoluntaryactions.Manyofthecognitiveabilitiesthatdistinguishhumansfromothermammals,suchassophisticatedreasoning,linguisticskills,andmusicalability,arebelievedtoresideinthecortex.   五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)   41、Sociologicaltriggersforlanguagechangerefertosuchradicalsocio-politicalchangesaswars,invasions,occupation,colonialization,andlanguageplanningandstandardizationpolicies.AtypicalexampleinthehistoryofEnglishistheNormanConquest,amilitaryeventthatmarkedthedawningoftheMiddleEnglishperiod.ThismeansthatMiddleEnglishbeganwiththearrivaloftheNormanFrenchinvadersinEnglishunderWilliamtheConquerorin1066.AndforaboutacenturyandahalfaftertheNormanConquest,Frenchremainedasthelanguageoftherulingclass,asfarasliteratureandadministrationwereconcerned.SoMiddleEnglishwasdeeplyinfluencedbyNormanFrenchinvocabularyandgrammar.Forexample,suchtermsas"army,""court,""defense,""faith,""prison"and"tax"camefromthelanguageoftheFrenchrulers.   评分标准:满分10分,其中定义占3分,典型例子占5分,例词占2分。\n   42、Thefourmainindividuallearnerfactorsthataffectalearner'sL2acquisitionare:1)age,2)motivation,3)acculturation,4)personality.   TheoptimalageforL2acquisitionisearlyteenage.   Motivationreferstothelearner'soverallgoalororientation.Therearetwotypesofmotivation:instrumentalmotivationandintegrativemotivation.Theformeroccurswhenthelearner'sgoalisfunctionalandthelatteroccurswhenthelearner'sgoalissocial.   AcculturationistheprocessinwhichthelearneradaptstothenewcultureoftheL2community.   PersonalityisalsorelatedtoL2learning.Adultlearnerswhoareextrovertedlearnmorequicklyandthereforearemoresuccessfulthanintrovertedlearners. 第一部分 选择题  I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)  1.Saussure’sdistinctionandChomsky’sareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat____________.  A.SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapsychologicalpointofview  B.SaussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasociologicalpointofview  C.SaussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasemanticpointofview  D.SaussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapragmaticpointofview  2.Languageisasystemof____________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.  A.unnatural       B.artificial  C.superficial      D.arbitrary  3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_______________.  A.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted  B.therefore,weneedn’tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongue  C.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.  D.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct  4.A(n)________isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.Itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.  A.phone       B.allophone  C.phoneme      D.sound  5.Themorpheme–edintheword“worked”isa(n)__________morpheme.  A.derivational      B.inflectional  C.free         D.word-forming  6.WH-movementis__________inEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.  A.obligatory      B.optional  C.selectional      D.arbitrary  7.Namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_____________.  A.Grice        B.Plato  C.Saussure      D.OgdenandRichards\n  8.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“Johnmarriedablond.”  A.issynonymouswith    B.isinconsistentwith  C.entails         D.presupposes  9.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled____________,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.  A.utterance      B.reference  C.predication     D.morpheme  10.InAustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.  A.aperlocutionaryact    B.alocutionaryact  C.aconstativeact    D.anillocutionaryact  第二部分 非选择题  II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)  11.P___________relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.  12.Ad_________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.  13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.Thisdesignfeatureiscalledd___________.  14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_________cavityandthenasalcavity.  15.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_____________.  16.S_____________featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.  17.Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_________properties.  18.H__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.  19.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep____________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.  20.InSociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc___________.  III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement. (2%X10=20%)  ( )21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.  ( )22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.\n  ( )23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.  ( )24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.  ( )25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.  ( )26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.  ( )27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”  ( )28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.  ( )29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.  ( )30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.  IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)  31.parole:  32.broadtranscription:  33.allophones:  34.phrasestructurerules:  35.context  36.HistoricalLinguistics:  37.standardlanguage:  38.linguistictaboo:  39.acculturation:  40.care-takerspeech:  V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%X2=20%)  41.Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.  42.EnglishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.答案  第一部分 选择题  I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)  1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.D  第二部分 非选择题  II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)  11.Psycholinguistics\n  12.diachronic  13.duality  14.oral  15.lateralization  16.Suprasegmental  17.recursive  18.Homonymy  19.protolanguage  20.community  III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)  (T)21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.  (T)22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.  (F)23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.  (F)24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.  (T)25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.  (F)26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.  (F)27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”  (T)28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.  (F)29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.  (T)30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.  IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)  31.parole:Itreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Itisconcreteandvarieswithcontext.  32.Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly.Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.  33.Allophonesarethedifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments.  34.Phrasestructurerulesaretherewriteruleswhichallowforthepossiblecombinationofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.  35.Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.  36.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange(orhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage).\n  37.Standardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmediaandtaughtineducationalinstitutions.  38.Linguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.  39.Acculturationisaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.  40.Itissimpleandmodifiedspeechusedbyparents,baby-sitter,etc.whentheytalktoyoungchildrenwhoareacquiringtheirnativelanguage.  V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%X2=20%)  41.Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.  1)Mothertongueinterference  2)interlingualinterference  3)Overgeneralization  42.EnglishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.  Majorperiods:OldEnglish(449-1100)  MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)  ModernEnglish(1500-present)  Historicalevents:TheoldEnglishperiodbeganwiththeinvasionoftheBritishIslesbyEnglish-speakingAnglo-SaxonsfromEurope,andendedwiththearrivalofNormanFrenchinvadershistoricallyknownastheNormanConquest.TheMiddleEnglishperiodisdistinguishedfromtheOldEnglishperiodbytheNormanConquest.TheEuropeanrenaissancemovementmarkedthebeginningoftheModernEnglishperiod.I.Directi*****:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%) 1.Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarforitismostly_________.A.prescriptive  B.descriptive    C.subjective         D.Latin-based2.Whichofthefollowingisnotamajorbranchoflinguistics?A.phonetics    B.phonology       C.speech   D.syntax3.Englishc*****onantscanbeclassifiedintermsof_____________.A.mannerofarticulation B.placeofarticulation C.forceofarticulation  D.BothAandB4.Thereare_________morphemesintheword“disabled”.A.one   B.two    C.three   D.four5. ___________studiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesthatgoverntheirformation.A.PhonologyB.Semantics      C.Syntax  D.Morphology 6.The_________isthemostflexible,andisresp*****ibleformorevarietiesofarticulationthananyother.A.nasalcavity     B.oralcavity     C.tongue D.lips7.“hotdog”withthefirstelementstressedmeans________.A.adogwhichishot  B.abarkingdog  C.akindoffood  D.adeaddog\n8.  N.Chomskyisafamous_____________linguist.A.American     B.British    C.Greek      D.Swiss9.Thewordssuchashandbookandhighwayare___________.A.formedbyblending B.coinedbyback-formationC.compoundwords D.derivati*****10.Whichofthefollowingtwo-termsetsarecomplementaryantonyms? A.hot/cold     B.doctor/patient  C.single/married      D.husband/wifeII.Directi*****:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(2%X10=20%)1.      Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumanc____________.2.Saussuremadethefamousdistinctionbetweenlangueandp___________. 3.M___________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.4.Semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyofm____________. 5.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas_________study. 6.Thepairofwords“femaleandmale”belongstothec____________antonyms.7.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalledthes___________,andthemorespecificwordsarecalleditshyponyms.8.Englishspeechsoundscanbeclassifiedintovowelsandc__________.9.Anexpertwhostudieslinguisticsiscalledal____________.10.Linguisticsisdefinedasthes_____________studyoflanguage.III.Directi*****:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(1%X20=20%)1.  Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2.  Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.3.  Sincemorphemesarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage,theycanbeusedindependently.4.    Theword“flower”isthesuperordinateofthehyponyms“rose”,“tulip”and“lily”.5.    Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication. 6.    Atthelowerorthebasiclevelofthelanguagesystem,thereisastructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless.7.    TheEnglishsound[m]isabilabialnasal.8.    Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituati*****ofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalledduality.9.    Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothewrittenformoflanguage.10.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheChineseusedintheTangDynastyisadiachronicstudy.11.isavoicelessbilabialstop.12.WhileEnglishhasborrowedmostheavilyfromFrench,otherlanguageshavealsomadetheircontributi*****.13.Inflectionalaffixesarethosewhosemajorfunctionistoattachthemselvestoothermorphemestoformanewword. 14.Linguisticsstudiesanyparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.15.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.\n16.InEnglish,nouns,verbs,prepositi*****andadverbsareopenclassessincewecanregularlyaddnewwordstotheseclasses.17.Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclosedsyllable.18.Thephrase“greenhouse”withthefirstelementstressedmeans“ahousewhichisgreenincolour.”19.Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzelexicalmeaning.20.Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundwithdiacriticsiscalledbroadtranscription.IV.Directi*****:Analyzethesentences(5%X2=10%)1.Analyzethefollowingambiguousphrasewithimmediatecomponentanalysis(labeledtreediagram) morecomfortablehouses2.Usetheappropriatephrasestructurerulestodrawalabeledtreediagram   Themotherfeedsthebaby.V.Directi*****:Explainthefollowingterms.(2%X5=10%)1.phonology2.vowel3.language 4.syntax5.morphemeVI.Directi*****:Answerthefollowingquesti*****ascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary(2%X10=20%)1.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenphonologyandphonetics

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