语言学——功能语法简介 15页

IntroductiontofunctionalgrammarSystemicFunctionalApproachSystemicApproachSystemicLinguisticsFunctionalSemanticApproach\nIntroductiontofunctionalgrammarLanguagesystem–TextsKeyResearchers\nWhatdotheymean?Whycanwemakemeaningfromthem?Dotheymeanthesametoeveryone?\nWhenIgothomelastnight,Icouldnotbelievewhat…………..haddone.Whatchoicesarepossible?What’stheimplicationofthechoice?\nWhatisimpliedaboutwhatalanguagesystemhastoencapsulate?CultureGenreTopicRelationshipsModeWhatisthebroadandspecificcontext?Howdoesthatimpactonthetext?Whatisthespecificpurposeofthetext?Howisitorganisedtoachievethis?Whatisbeingdiscussed/writtenabout?Whoistakingpart?Whatisthenatureoftheirrelationship?Whataretheirstatusesandroles?Isitspoken,writtenormultimodal?\nA:YesPleaseB:CanIhavethosetwo?A:Yes.One’sfortyfive.One’stwentyfive.B:Andhaveyougot…………………..A:Yes.Howmanywouldyoulike?B:I’lltaketwoA:Right.That’sfourdollarstwentyaltogether.B:Hereyouare.A:Thankyou.B:Thankyou.What’sthecontextofthetext?Whataccompaniesthelanguage?Whatkindofatextisit?(genre)Whatarethestagesofthetext?Whatisitabout?(field)Whoisinvolved?(tenor)Modeofcommunication?(mode)\nDatarevealsthatthegreatestconsumerspendingtraditionallyoccursduringthepreChristmasperiod.Aconsequenceofthisspendingisdebt.ThepublicityandexpectationofagiftladenChristmashasleadsomefamiliestoincurdebtsbeyondtheirmeansofimmediaterepayment,leadingtotheadditionalandspirallingcostofinterestfees.Asubstantialeducationprogramisrequiredtoreversethistrend.What’sthecontextofthetext?Whataccompaniesthelanguage?Whatkindofatextisit?(genre)Whatarethestagesofthetext?Whatisitabout?(field)Whoisinvolved?(tenor)Modeofcommunication?(mode)\n3mainkindsofmeaningsimultaneously:Experiential:information(field)Interpersonal:relationships(tenor)Textual:relationtomode(mode)\nFieldeveryday………..specialised………highlyfieldsfieldstechnicalfieldsFieldcontinuum\nequalstatus….………greatdifferenceinstatusfamiliar…….…………..………...….verydistantgreatdealof…………………………………littleemotionalexpressionemotionalexpressionTenorcontinuumTenor\nmostspoken-like………....…mostwritten-likeModecontinuumMode\nCULTURESITUATIONGENREREGISTERLANGUAGEfieldtenormodeArepresentationofthemodeloflanguage\nSEMIOTICSYSTEM(SYMBOLICMEANINGMAKINGSYSTEM)meaning(discourse/semantics)wordsandstructures(lexico–grammar)sounds/letters(phonology/graphology)\nDifferencesbetweentraditionalandfunctionalgrammartraditionalfunctionalSentenceTextWordlevelWordlevelbutusuallywithlargechunksWrittenlanguageSpoken,written,multimodalCorrectnessnotconsidercontextCorrectnessrelatedtocontextDiscretegrammarexercisesGrammarwithinstudyofgenre-howcontributestomeaning\nKEYRESEARCHERSDevelopmentofsystemiclinguistics:Sydneysystemists:MichaelHalliday(from1970s);Hasan;Martin;MatthiessonLinkswithothersystemists:Gregory;SinclairandCoulthardLanguageEducation:Christie;MackenandRotheryVisualart:O’Toole;KressandvanLeeuwen;UnsworthPsychotherapy:Eggins;MacKinnonArtificialIntelligence:BatemanSpeechPathology:ArmstrongReferences:Eggins(1994)AnIntroductiontoSystemicFunctionalLinguistics,PinterLove,Pigdon,BakerBuilt(BuildingUnderstandingsinLiteracyandTeaching)CDROM2ndEdition,UniversityofMelbourne