语言学树型图 11页

a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.InflP(=S)NPVPNAuxVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsORInflP(=S)NPVPNInflVNPDetANPNCONNJimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsb)Helenputonherclothesandwentout.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentout\nORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPstVPCONVPVPNPVAdvVPDetNHelenputonherclothesandwentoutc)Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.SNPVPNVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatisticsORInflP(=S)NPInflVPNPresVPCONVPVPNPVPNPVAPNVAPNMaryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics\n6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.a)YouknowthatIhatewar.SNPVPCPNVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewar\nORCPCInflP(=S)NPInflVPCPNPresVCSNPVPNVNPNYouknowthatIhatewar\nb)Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.SNPVPNVPNPCPAuxNegVNPCSDetNNPVPNVNPDetANGerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam\nc)ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.SNPVPCPNVLACSNPVPDetNVNPNPNDetNChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royced)Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.SNPVPCPDetNVPCSVPNPVPNVNPNThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.\na)Theessaythathewrotewasexcellent.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSPNPInflVPNVNPNTheessayhewrotethatwasexcellentSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVAPCSPNPNPInflVPNNPstVNPNTheessaythathewroteewasexcellent\nc)Herbertboughtahousethatsheloved.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNCSNPInflVPNPNVNHerbertboughtahouseshelovedthatSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPNInflVNPCPDetNSCNPInflVPNPNPNVNNHerbertboughtahouse(that)shelovede\nd)Thegirlwhomheadoresmajorsinlinguistics.DeepstructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCInflSNNPVPNVPNPVNThegirlheadoreswhommajorsinlinguisticsSurfaceStructureCPCSNPVPDetNCPVPPPNPCSNNPNPInflVPNNVPNPVNThegirlwhomheadoresemajorsinlinguistics\n8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPAdvPNInflVAdvyouwouldcometomorrowSurfacestructureCPCSVPNPAdvPInflNInflVAdvwouldyouecometomorrow\nf)WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?DeepstructureCPCSVPNPPPNPNPNInflVPNDetNHelenPst(did)bringwhattothepartySurfacestructureCPNPCSVPNInflNPPPNPNPNInflVPNDetNwhatdidHelenebringetotheparty