英语语言学概论复习纲要 4页

《英语语言学概论》复习纲要1.复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以各章的题目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。2.各章节复习要点如下Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:language,linguistics,arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,descriptiveVSprescriptive,synchronicVSdiachronic,langueVSparole,competenceVSperformance2)Studyoftheoriginoflanguage3)Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage?4)Whichsubjectsareincludedinmacrolinguistics?Chapter2SpeechSounds1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:articulatoryphonetics,acousticphonetics,auditoryphonetics,phonetics,phonology,consonants,vowels,allophones,broadtranscriptionVSnarrowtranscription2)Analyzethecomplementarydistribution,freevariationwithexamples3)TheclassificationofEnglishconsonantsandEnglishvowelsandthefeaturesinvolvedintheclassification\n1)Understandsomeprocessesofphonology:nasalization,dentalization,velarization2)DifferencesbetweenintonationandtoneChapter3Frommorphemetophrase1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:morpheme,morphology,backformation,blending,classshift2)Differencesbetweenrootandstem,inflectionalVSderivationalaffix3)AnalyzethemorphemescontainedinEnglishwords,suchasinternationalization,distempered,moonwalk,frienships4)Whatarethecharacteristicsofaword?5)UnderstandtheclassificationofEnglishwords:variableVSinvariable,grammaticalVSlexical,closed-classVSopen-class,particles,auxiliaries,determiners6)Understandtheprocessesofwordformationwithexamples:blending,abbreviation,acronym,backformation,class-shiftChapter4FromwordtoText1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:syntax,endocentricVSexocentricconstruction,coordinationVSsubordination2)SyntacticfunctionsofEnglishsentences:subject(agentVSpatient,grammaticalVSlogical),predicate,object3)CategoriesinEnglish:number,gender,agreement\nChapter5Meaning1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:semantics,thereferentialtheory,semantictriangle,synonymy,antonymy,hyponymy2)Understandsynonymy,antonymy,hyponymywithexamples3)Subclassificationofantonymy4)Componentialanalysisinpractice:suchasboy,girl,woman,man,mother,father(entailmentandpolysemous)Chapter6Languageandcognition1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:psycholinguistics,cognitivelinguistics2)Understandthethreeissuesofpsycholinguistics:languageacquisition,languagecomprehension,languageproduction3)Understandexamplesconcerningconstrualoperations4)Understandexamplesconcerningcategorization(basiclevel,superordinateandsubordinatelevels)5)Understandexamplesconcerningmetaphor(targetdomain,sourcedomain)6)UnderstandexamplesconcerningmetonymyChapter7Language,Culture,andSociety1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:Sapir-WhorfHypothesis,thetheoryofcontextofsituation2)Understandthetwoexamples(Hopilanguageandstudyofcolor\nwords)concerningSapir-WhorfHypothesisChapter8LanguageinUse1)Differencesbetweenpragmaticsandsemantics2)UnderstandthetheoryofIllocutionaryAct(threesenses)3)UnderstandthetheoryofConversationalImplicature,thefourprinciplesofCooperativePrinciple(Maximsofquantity,quality,relationandmanner),andtheexamplesindicatingtheviolationofCooperativePrinciple4)Understandthecharacteristicsofimplicature