英语语言学判断题 13页

....判断题：正确写A，错误写BChapter1:1.Linguisticsisthesystematicstudyoflanguage.True.2.Linguisticsdealswithaparticularlanguage.False.3.Linguisticsisscientificbecauseitishelpfultolanguageuse.False.4.Thetaskofalinguististodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem.True.5.Linguisticsisgenerallydividedintogeneralandspecificlinguistics.False.6.Generallinguisticsdealswiththegeneralaspectsoflanguageapplication.False.7.Generallinguisticsdoesnotstudytheoriesoflanguage.False.8.Phoneticsstudieshumansoundpatterningandthemeaningofsoundsincommunication.False.9.Phonologystudieshowasoundisproduced.False.10.Morphologyisthestudyofsentences.False.11.Syntaxisthestudyoftherulesofwords.False.12.Semanticsisthestudyofwordmeaning.False.13.Pragmaticsisthestudyofmeaningincontextoflanguageuse.True.14.Sociolinguisticsdealswiththerelationbetweenlanguageandsociety.True.15.Psycholinguisticsdealswiththerelationoflanguagetopsychology.True.参考.学习\n....16.Appliedlinguisticsmeansthelanguageapplicationtospecificareas.False.17.Modernlinguisticsaimsatprescribingmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.False.18.Synchroniclinguisticsdealswithaseriesoflanguagephenomenaatthesametime.False.19.Diachroniclinguisticsisalsocalledhistoricallinguistics.True.20.Languemeanscompetence.False.21.ParoleisaFrenchword;itmeanstheconcretelanguageevents.True.22.F.deSaussurewasaSwisslinguist.True.23.N.ChomskyisanAmericanlinguist.True.24.AccordingtoChomsky,theinternalizationofasetofrulesabouthislanguageenablesaspeakertoproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentencesandrecognizesentencesthatareungrammaticalandambiguous.True.25.Chomskyregardscompetenceasanactofdoingthingswithasentence.False.26.PerformanceisthefocusofChomsky’slinguisticstudy.False.Competence,instead.27.Detailsoflanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.False.28.Displacementoflanguagemeanslanguageuseinafar-awayplace.False.29.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemeanslanguagecanbeusedfreely.False.30.Dualityoflanguagemeanslanguageisatwo-levelsystem.True.参考.学习\n....Chapter2:1.Writingismorebasicthanspeech.False.2.Therehavebeensome2,500languagesintheworld.False.3.Abouttwothirdsoflanguagesintheworldhavenothadwrittenform.True.4.Linguistsareinterestedinallsounds.False.5.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthataremeaningfulinhumancommunicationconstitutethephonicmediumoflanguage.True.6.Phoneticsimilarity,notphoneticidentity,isthecriterionwithwhichweoperateinthephonologicalanalysisoflanguages.True.7.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundintheoralcavity.True.8.Thenarrowingofspacebetweenthehardpalateandthefrontofthetongueresultsinthesound[j].True.9.[k],[g]and[n]arevelarsounds.False.10.[i]isasemi-closevowel.False.11.[h]istheglottalsound.True.12.[ei]isamonophthong.False.13.Phonologyisofageneralnature.False.14.Phoneticsdealswithspeechsoundsinallhumanlanguages.True.15.Aphonedoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning.True.16.Aphonemeisaphoneticunit.False.t.17.‘Tsled’isapossiblewordinEnglish.参考.学习\n....False.18.Englishisatonelanguage.False.Chapter3:1.Theword‘predigestion’iscomposedoftwomorphemes.False.2.‘Teach-in’isacompoundword.True.3.Pronounsbelongtoclosedclasswords.True.4.Theword‘unacceptability’hasfourmorphemes.True.5.Theword‘boy’isafreemorpheme.True.6.Themorpheme‘–or’in‘actor’isaninflectionalmorpheme.False.7.The–sin‘works’of‘Heworkshard.’isaboundmorpheme.False.8.Theword‘unsad’isacceptableinEnglish.False.9.CompoundingisaverycommonandfrequentprocessforenlargingthevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage.True.10.Theprefixa-in‘asexual’means‘without’.True.Chapter4:1.Phrasescanconsistofjustoneword,butmoreoftentheycontainotherelementsaswell.True.2.InXP,XreferstoanysuchheadasN,V,AorP.True.3.In‘abookaboutghosts’,thecomplementis‘ghosts’.False.Thecomplementis‘aboutghosts’.4.InTG,determinerisoftenwrittenasDet.True.参考.学习\n....Chapter5:1.Hyponymyisarelationofexclusionofmeaning.False.2.Thewords‘alive’and‘dead’arerelationalopposites.False.3.Thewords‘lead’(领导)and‘lead’(铅球)arehomographs.True.4.Thewords‘flat’and‘apartment’arestylisticsynonyms.False.5.Thewords‘politician’and‘statesman’arecollocationalsynonyms.False.6.Thewords‘buy’and‘purchase’aredialectalsynonyms.False.7.Thewords‘shock’and‘surprise’aresemanticallydifferentsynonyms.True.8.Inthesenseset,‘junior’and‘senior’areco-hyponyms.True.9.Thewords‘doctor’and‘patient’arerelationalsynonyms.True.10.‘IhavebeentoBeijing.’entails‘IhavebeentoNorthChina.’True.11.‘Hisfriendiscoming.’presupposes‘Hehasafriend.’True.12.‘Maryissingle.’isinconsistentwith‘Maryismarried.’True.13.‘HisdumbboyspokegoodEnglish.’isacontradiction.True.Chapter6:1.Pragmaticsisalinguisticbranchthatdevelopedinthe1890s.False.2.CourseinGeneralLinguisticswaspublishedin1889.False.3.Contextreferstotherelationbetweenlinesorparagraphsofatext.False.参考.学习\n....4.IfIsaidtoyou,‘It’sverystuffyhere.’,thenmyillocutionaryactmaybeaskingyoutoswitchontheair-conditioner.True.5.IfSmithsaidtoyouinasupermarket,‘Iamthirstynow,butIhavenomoneywithme’,thenhisperlocutionaryactisyourbuyinghimacoca-cola.True.6.AccordingtoAustin,‘Heisaboy.’isaconstative.True.7.AccordingtoAustin,‘Ibetyousixpenceitwillbefinethisevening.’isaperformative.True.8.‘Openthedoor!’isadirective.True.9.‘Theroomisair-conditioned.’isanexpressive.False.10.‘Wehavenevermetbefore.’isarepresentative.True.11.‘Ifireyou!’isacommissive.False.…isadeclaration.12.‘Iwillreturnthebooktoyousoon.’isanexpressive.False.13.‘Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse’isamaximofrelation.False.14.‘Bebrief’belongstothemaximofmanner.True.15.‘Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposeoftheexchange).’belongstothemaximofquality.False.16.B’sreplyviolatesthemaximofqualityinthedialoguebelow:A:Wheredoyoulive?B:InSouthChinaNormalUniversity.False.17.Bprobablymeansthathedoesn’twanttomakeanycommentonthelecture,inthedialoguebelow:A:Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture?(Thespeechmakeriscoming)B:Dowehaveclassesthisevening?参考.学习\n....True.18.Bprobablymeansthatitisimpolitetoaskaboutherage,inthedialoguebelow:A:Howoldareyou?B:Iam80.True.19.BprobablymeansthatAshouldnotlaughathimsincetheyknoweachother,inthedialoguebelow:A:Areyouagoodstudent?B:Areyou?True.Chapter7:1.Soundchangestendtobesystematic.True.2.Theword‘home’waswrittenas‘hām’inOldEnglish.True.3.Theword‘mice’,whichispronouncedas[mais],waspronouncedas[mi:s]inMiddleEnglish.True.4.InChaucer’stheCanterburyTales,wecanfind‘his’toreplace‘it’inModernEnglish,asin‘WhanthatAprillewithhisshouressooth’.Thisreflectsthechangeinthe‘agreement’rule.True.5.‘Ilovetheenot.’beforethe16thcentury,hasnowbecome‘Idonotloveyou.’Thismeansthechangeinnegationrule.True.6.TheEnglishpronoun‘our’hasexperiencedaprocessofsimplificationfromOldEnglish.True.7.Theword‘fridge’isaloanword.False.8.Theword‘walkman’isablend.False.9.Theword‘mike’isaclippedword.True.10.Theword‘videophone’isanacronym.参考.学习\n....False.11.UNESCOisablend.False.12.Theword‘quake’istheresultofback-formation.False.13.ISBNmeansInternationalStandardBookNumber.True.14.Theword‘baby-sit’isawordfromback-formation.True.15.Theword‘question’isawordborrowedfromFrench.True.16.Theword‘tea’isaloanwordfromChinese.True.17.Theword‘education’comesfromLatin.True.18.Theword‘dinner’comesfromFrench.True.19.Theword‘beer’comesfromGerman.True.20.Theword‘meat’weusenowhasgonethroughthenarrowingofmeaning.True.21.Theword‘holiday’hasgonethroughthewideningofmeaning.True.22.Theword‘silly’usedtomean‘happy’inOldEnglish.True.23.Theuseoftheexpressions‘toupdate’,‘tohost’and‘tocheckup’indicatestheinfluenceofAmericanEnglish.True.24.ComputerlanguageisoneofthesourcesthathaveinfluencedtheEnglishlanguage.True.25.Onepossibleaccountoftheincreasinguseof‘cheap’insteadof‘cheaply’in‘Hegotitcheap.’isthatofthe‘theoryofleasteffort’.True.26.Theexpression‘It’sme’isNotacceptableinEnglish.False.参考.学习\n....Chapter8:1.Theterm‘diglossia’wasfirstusedbyFergusonin1959.True.2.Pidginscamefromablendingofafewlanguages.True.3.Atypicalexampleofabilingualcommunityisanethnicghettowheremostoftheinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.True.4.Differentstylesofthesamelanguagecanberevealedthroughdifferencesatsyntactic,lexicalandphonologicallevels.True.5.Oneofthemostimportantfeaturesofbilingualismisthespecializationoffunctionofthetwovarieties.False.6.Of‘reply’and‘answer’,thelatterismoreformal.False.7.M.A.K.HallidayisaBritishlinguist.True.8.Thedeletionofthelinkverb‘be’asin‘Youcrazy’istypicalofthesyntaxofBlackEnglish(1,2).True.9.AprominentphonologicalfeatureofBlackEnglishisthedeletionoftheconsonantattheendofaword,asin‘desk’[des].True.10.Theuseofsuchsentencesas‘Iain’tafraidofnoghosts’tomean‘I’mnotafraidofghosts’isoneofthesyntacticfeaturesofBlackEnglish.True.11.Accentisanimportantmarkerofsociolect.True.12.ReceivedPronunciationinBritishEnglishisadialectofLondonthatisrepresentativeofstandardEnglish.False.13.AnRPaccentoftenservesasahighstatusmarker.True.Chapter9:1.Theword‘dog’oftenconjuresupdifferentimagesintheUSand参考.学习\n....HongKong.True.2.PeopleintheWestEndinLondonspeakdifferentlyfromtheEastEnders.True.3.Languageplaysamajorroleinsocializingthepeopleandperpetuatingculture,especiallyinprintform.True.4.TheEskimoshavefarmorewordsforsnowthantheEnglishnativesinthat‘snow’ismorecrucialtothelifeoftheformer.True.5.FortheBritishpeople,theChinesegreeting‘Haveyouhaddinner?’wouldturninto‘It’sfinetoday,isn’tit?’.True.6.ItisstandardpracticeforanEnglishnativestudenttogreethisteacherbeforealecturebysaying‘Goodmorning,teacher!’.False.7.TheChinese‘uncle’meansthesameastheBritish‘uncle’.False.8.ItisproperinEnglishtosay‘no,no’inresponsetosuchapraiseas‘You’vemadegoodprogress.’toshowone’smodesty.False.9.YoucanneveraskanEnglishnativethequestionofhisnameorage.False.10.InEnglish,theword‘blue’isassociatedwithunhappyfeelings.True.11.Itisacceptabletotranslate‘Everydoghashisday.’into‘每条狗都有自己的日子。’.False.12.Interculturalcommunicationisalsocalledcross-culturalcommunication.True.13.IfyouwereaCantoneseandtalkedtoapersonfromShanghai,thenyouwerehavinginterculturalcommunication.FalseChapter10:1.Languageacquisitionisconcernedwiththeacquisitionofaforeign参考.学习\n....language.False.2.B.F.SkinnersisthemostimportantexponentofthebehaviouristviewofLA.True.3.ThebehaviouristviewofLAwasnotprevalentuntilthe1960s.False.4.N.Chomskyclaimsthatmenarebiologicallyprogrammedforlanguage.True.5.Thesentence‘HimselfsawJohn.’isacceptableinEnglish.False.6.Theinnatistsholdthatchildrencouldnotdiscovertherulesofreflexivepronounsbytrialanderror.True.7.Frequentrepetitionisoneofthefeaturesofthecaretakertalk.True.8.Victor,awildchild,whowasdeprivedoflanguagecontactfor12years,wastrainedbyItard,butcouldonlyspeakonlytwowordsintheend.True.9.Thesounds[z]and[∫]areamongtheconsonantsthataresupposedtobeacquiredwithmostdifficultybyachild.True.10.Ifachildcallseveryman‘Daddy’,thenheisover-extendingthemeaningoftheword‘Daddy’.True.11.Theexpression‘mummyplayball’istypicaloftelegraphicspeech.TrueChapter11:1.Atargetlanguageisalwaysaforeignlanguage.False.2.AccordingtoLittlewood,thefirstlanguagestudyhasservedasabackclothforperceivingandunderstandingnewfactsaboutsecondlanguagelearning.True.3.Suchsentencesas‘therearemoreandmorepeoplewanttobeapostgraduatestudent’indicatetheChinesetransfererrors.True.参考.学习\n....4.Thepronunciationof‘this’as‘dis’isverylikelytobecausedbyinterlingualinterference.True.5.By‘Hewantedmetocome’,alearnerproducedsuchanincorrectsentenceas‘Hehopedmetocome’.Thisconstitutesthesituationofcross-association.False.6.Theincorrectsentence‘Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswerit.’isveryprobablytheresultofovergeneralization.False.Chapter12:1.Thehumanbrainisdividedintotwosections,thebrainstemandthecerebrum.True.2.Ifyouscratchyournosewithyourlefthand,itistherighthemispherethathascontrolledtheactions.True.3.Mostright-handersareleftlateralizedforlanguage.True.4.Left-handersaregenerallylesslateralizedforlanguagethanright-handers.True.5.Thetestwheresubjectsareplayedtwodifferentwordsorsoundstwice,oneintoeachear,iscalleddichoticlistening.True.6.Broca’saphasicsshowthatapatientwhocannotpronouncethewordspoonwillalsonotbeabletowriteitcorrectly.True.7.Subjectstakelesstimetomakejudgmentonfrequentlyusedwordsthanonlesscommonwords.Thisiscalledthefrequencyeffect.True.8.Errorspeoplemakeinspontaneousspeechofteninvolveaphonologicalfeaturesuchasvoicing.Forexample,peoplesometimessay‘pig’insteadof‘pick’.True.9.‘鸭不吃了。’isNOTanambiguoussentence.False.参考.学习\n....10.‘Theshootingoftheman’isambiguous.True.1.若不给自己设限，则人生中就没有限制你发挥的藩篱。2.若不是心宽似海，哪有人生风平浪静。在纷杂的尘世里，为自己留下一片纯静的心灵空间，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是阴晴圆缺，你都可以免去浮躁，义无反顾，勇往直前，轻松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3.花一些时间，总会看清一些事。用一些事情，总会看清一些人。有时候觉得自己像个神经病。既纠结了自己，又打扰了别人。努力过后，才知道许多事情，坚持坚持，就过来了。4.岁月是无情的，假如你丢给它的是一片空白，它还给你的也是一片空白。岁月是有情的，假如你奉献给她的是一些色彩，它奉献给你的也是一些色彩。你必须努力，当有一天蓦然回首时，你的回忆里才会多一些色彩斑斓，少一些苍白无力。只有你自己才能把岁月描画成一幅难以忘怀的人生画卷。参考.学习