自考《现代语言学》试题题型 3页

现代语言学试题题型举例Ⅰ.Definethefollowingterms,givingexamplesforillustration(20%;5terms):1.duality-----2.freemorpheme----3.phonology------4.context-------5.polysemy------Ⅱ.Indicatethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse(20%;20statements):()1.Whilelanguageisarbitrarybynature,itisnotentirelyarbitrary.()2.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternofalanguage.()3.Phonemesarethesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.()4.Modernlinguistsregardthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthespoken.()5.Englishisatypicaltonelanguage.Ⅲ.Filleachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven(20%;20blanks):1.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthea_________ofthatphoneme.2.Alinguisticstudyisd___________ifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itisp___________ifittriestolaydownrulesforcorrectbehavior.3.Competenceistheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeofhisl____________,whilep____________istheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinutterances.4.Thetwosubtypesofaffixesarep____________ands_____________.5.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisas______________study.6.P_______________canbedefinedasthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.7.Thenotionofc______________isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.\n8.Normally,asentenceconsistsofatleastas__________________andp_________________.9.Morphologyisthestudyoftheinternals____________________ofwordsandthewayinwhichw______________areformed.10.G______________antonymsmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofthequalityinvolved.Ⅳ.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement(20%;20statements):1._______areproducedwhentheobstructioniscompleteatfirst,thenreleasedslowlywithfrictionresultingfrompartialobstruction.A.NasalsB.GlidesC.FricativesD.Affricates2.Thewords“autumn”and“fall”are____________.A.synonymsdifferinginemotivemeaningB.collocationally-restrictedsynonymsC.dialectalsynonymsD.synonymsdifferinginstyles3.Theword“unhappiness”has____________morphemes.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four4.Theword“girls”has______________morphemes.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four5.InEnglish,“un-”and“dis-”arecalled______________.A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.grammaticalwords6.Awordwithseveralmeaningiscalled_____________.A.anabnormalwordB.apolysemouswordc.asynonymouswordD.noneoftheabove7.Languageis_________________,whichmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsound.A.productiveB.arbitraryC.dualD.universal8.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[t]9.Thepairofwords“buy”and“sell”are___________.A.gradableantonymsB.relationalantonymsC.synonymsD.co-hyponyms10.F.deSaussureisa(n)_________________.A.AmericanB.BritishC.SwissD.Russian\nⅤ.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible,givingexamplesifnecessary(20%;5from7questions):1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenarootandastem?2.Whatdoespragmaticsstudy?Howarepragmaticsandtraditionalsemanticsrelated,andhowdotheydiffer?3.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenmodernlinguisticsandtraditionalgrammar?4.Whatisthesemantictriangle?5.ExemplifytheCPandmaximsproposedbyP.Grice?6.Whyisspeechconsideredpriortowritinginmodernlinguistics?7.Drawatreediagramforeachofthefollowingstatements:(1)Helivesatranquillifeinthecountry.(2)Iknowhewillcometomorrow.