胡壮麟语言学Exercise 27页

Exercises\nI.Fillintheblanks.1.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledthe_____PrincipleproposedbyJ.Grice.Cooperative2.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofan_____isconcreteandcontext-dependent.utterance\nI.Fillintheblanks.3.A______actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.locutionary4._____werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.Constatives\nI.Fillintheblanks.5._____arethoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction.Commissives(承诺行为)6.A_____actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.perlocutionary\nI.Fillintheblanks.7._____areattemptsbythespeakertogetthehearertodosomething.Directives(指示行为)8._____isthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.Pragmatics\nI.Fillintheblanks.9._____weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.Performatives10.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurposeorthesame_____point,buttheydifferintheirstrengthorforce.illocutionary\nI.Fillintheblanks.11.TheideaofPaulGriceisthatinmakingconversation,theparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingto_____;otherwiseitwouldbeimpossibleforthemtogoonwiththetalk.Thegeneralprincipleiscalledthe_____.cooperate;CooperativePrinciple12.Themaximofrelationrequiresthatwhattheconversationparticipantssaymustbe_____.relevant\nII.Choosethebestanswer.13._____foundthatnaturallanguagehaditsownlogicandconcludecooperativeprinciple.A.JohnAustinB.JohnFirthC.PaulGriceD.WilliamJonesC\nII.Choosethebestanswer.14.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled_____.A.semanticsB.pragmaticsC.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguisticsB\nII.Choosethebestanswer.15._____proposedthatspeechactcanfallintofivegeneralcategories.A.AustinB.SearleC.SapirD.ChomskyB\nII.Choosethebestanswer.16.Promising,undertaking,vowingarethemosttypicalofthe_____.A.declarationsB.directivesC.commissivesD.expressivesC\nII.Choosethebestanswer.17.Theillocutionarypointofthe_____istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.declarationsB.expressivesC.commissivesD.directivesB\nII.Choosethebestanswer.18.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximofX:Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight?Y:Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks?A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.mannerC\nII.Choosethebestanswer.19.Theviolationofoneormoreoftheconversational_____(oftheCP)can,whenthelistenerfollyunderstandsthespeaker,createconversationalimplicature,andhumorsometimes.A.standardsB.principlesC.levelsD.maximsD\nII.Choosethebestanswer.20.MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto_____.A.breakdownofconversationB.confusionofone'sintentionC.hostilitybetweenspeakersandthelistenersD.conversationalimplicaturesD\nII.Choosethebestanswer.21.SpeechActTheorywasproposedby_____in1962.A.SaussureB.AustinC.ChomskyD.GrimmB\nII.Choosethebestanswer.22.Themaximofquantityrequires:_____.A.contributeasinformativeasrequiredB.donotcontributemorethanisrequiredC.donotsaywhathaslittleevidenceD.bothAandBD\nII.Choosethebestanswer.23.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_____.A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declarativesA\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__24.Ifthecontextofuseisconsidered,thestudyisbeingcarriedoutintheareaofpragmatics.T__25.Alocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker'sintention.[F]Anillocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker'sintention.\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__26.Whenperforminganillocutionaryactofrepresentative,thespeakerismakingastatementorgivingadescriptionwhichhehimselfbelievestobetrue.T__27.Theutterancemeaningofthesentencevarieswiththecontextinwhichitisuttered.T\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__28.WhileconversationparticipantsnearlyalwaysobservetheCP,theydonotalwaysobservethesemaximsstrictly.T__29.Inviting,suggesting,warning,orderingareinstancesofcommissives.[F]Inviting,suggesting,warning,orderingareinstancesofdirectives.\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__30.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.T\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__31.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedintheillocutionaryactbecausethiskindofspeechisidenticalwiththespeaker'sintention.T\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__32.Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.T\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__33.Stylisticscoversthestudyoflanguageuseinrelationtocontext,andinparticularthestudyoflinguisticcommunication.[F]Pragmaticscoversthestudyoflanguageuseinrelationtocontext,andinparticularthestudyoflinguisticcommunication.\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].34.Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,pragmaticscanalsobeconsideredasakindofmeaningstudy.T\nIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].__35.Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheAbstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyinacontext.T